初中英语固定句型、词组及知识要点

1 初中英语固定句型 词组及知识要点初中英语固定句型 词组及知识要点 一一 句型句型 一一 such such 名词性词组名词性词组 that that So So 形容词形容词 副词副词 that that 如此如此 以致以致 例如 1 She is such a good teacher that we all love her 她是一个好老师 我们都爱她 2 It was such a hot day that they didn t go out for a walk as usual 这么热的天气 他 们没有像往常一样去散步 注意点 1 such a 形容词 名词 that 可以改写成 so 形容词 a 名词 that 例句 1 可以改写成 She is so good a teacher that we all love her 2 在 such 形容词 名词复数或不可数名词 that 结构中 形容词如果是 many few 或 much little 时 用 so 不用 such 即 so many few 可数名词复数 that so much little 不可数名词 that 1 There are so many people in the room that I can t get in 房间里人太多 我进不去 2 The man has so much money that he can buy a car 那人很有钱 他能买一辆小汽车 句型句型 二二 就近一致 就近一致 ThereThere be be either or either or neither nor neither nor notnot only butonly but also also 例如 1 There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil box 他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支 铅笔 2 Not only you but also I have been to the Great Wall 你和我都没有去过长城 3 Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai 要么你去上海 要么我去上海 4 Neither you nor he is right 你和他都不对 5 Both Jack and Tim are English Jack 和 Tim 是英国人 注意点 当这几个句型连接主语时 谓语动词的人称和数要考虑 就近原则 对比 both and 来记忆 both and 连接主语时视为复数 句型句型 三三 Enough Enough 名词名词 to to do do 有足够的有足够的 做某事做某事 形容词 副词 enough to do 足够 做某事 例如 1 There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting 有足够的地方容下 这些人开会 2 The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box 这个男孩力气够大 能搬动这只箱子 注意点 enough 做副词修饰形容词或副词时 放在所修饰词的后面 句子可以用 so that 句型改写 例 2 句 2 可以改写为 The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box 这个男孩力气很大 能搬 动这只箱子 句型句型 四四 tootoo toto too 形容词 副词 to do 太 以致不能 例如 1 I was too excited to say a word 我激动得一个字也说不出来 2 Tom is too short to reach the apple Tom 太矮了 拿不到那个苹果 注意点 这是一个否定句型 不能在不定式前加 not 可以用 so that 结构改写 例如例句 1 可以改写 成 I was so excited that I couldn t say a word 句型句型 五五 SoSo thatthat 以便以便 以致以致 例如 1 They studied hard so that they could pass the exam 他们学习很努力 为了能通过 考试 2 They started early so that they caught the early bus 他们起得很早 结果赶上了早班车 注意点 在例句 1 中 是引导目的状语 在例句 2 中 是引导结果状语 一般来讲 从句中含有情态动词 的 为目的状语 无情态动词的 为结果状语 句型句型 六六 祈使句祈使句 then or and then or and 陈述句陈述句 例如 1 Work hard and then and then you will live a happy life 努力工作 你就会过上幸 福生活 2 Hurry up or we will be late for school 快点 否则我们上学就迟到了 注意点 以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写 例句 2 可以改写成 If we don t hurry up we ll be late for school 句型句型 七七 1 It s 1 It s timetime forfor sth sth 是干某事的时间了 是干某事的时间了 It sIt s timetime for for sb sb toto dodo sth sth 该干某事了 该干某事了 It sIt s timetime thatthat sbsb diddid sth sth 该干某事了 该干某事了 例如 1 It s time for the meeting 该开会了 2 It s time for us to go to school 我们该上学了 3 It s high time that you went to bed 你该上床休息了 3 注意点 在句型 3 中 可以在 time 前加 rush high 等修饰词 这个句型是虚拟语气的一种 含有 稍迟 一点 的含义 而 2 则是 正是干某事的时候 句型句型 八八 花费花费 1 It takes sb Some time to do sth 干某事花某人一些时间 2 sb spend some time on sth in doing sth 某人花时间在某事上 花时间干某事 3 sb spend some money on sth in doing sth 某人花钱在某物上 花钱干某事 4 sth cost sb Some money 某事花某人一些钱 5 sb pay some money for sth 某人为某事 物 付钱 例如 1 It took me two hours to write the letter 写这封信花了我两小时的时间 2 He spends half an hour in reading English every morning 他每天早上花半小时读英语 3 He spends one hour on the housework every day 他每天花一小时做家务 4 The bike cost me 298 yuan 这辆自行车花了我 298 元 5 I spent 298 yuan on the bike 我买这辆自行车花了 298 元 6 I paid 298 yuan for the bike 我花了 298 元买这辆自行车 注意点 cost 主语一般为物 spend pay 主语一般为人 例 1 中 it 用做形式主语 动词不定式 为真正主语 句型句型 九九 提建议提建议 1 Why not do 为什么不干某事 2 Let s do 让我们干某事吧 3 Shall we do 我们干某事好吗 4 Would you like something to do sth 你想要什么吗 你想要干 吗 5 Will you please do 请你干某事好吗 6 What How about doing 干某事怎么样 例如 1 Why not go and ask our teacher Good idea Let s go 为什么不去问问老师 好主意 走吧 2 Shall we go out for a walk No let s go to the zoo 我们去散步怎么样 不 我们去动 物园吧 3 Will you please fetch some chalks for me 请你给我拿些粉笔 好吗 4 What about singing an English song Wonderful 唱首英语歌曲怎么样 好极了 注意点 这些句型都是表示 建议 的句子 可视为同义句 句型句型 十十 4 1 Let s go out for a walk shall we 让我们出去散步 好吗 2 Read the book carefully will you 认真读书 好吗 注意点 在这两个句型中 2 所代表的祈使句 一般用 will you 构成反意疑问句 在 1 中 Let s 表示包括 我 在内 用 shall we 但若是 let us 表示不包括 我 在内 则用 will you 例如 Let us go out for a walk will you 你让我们出去散散步 好吗 句型句型 十一十一 倒装句倒装句 So be 助动词 情态动词 主语 也 Neither Nor be 助动词 情态动词 主语 也不 例如 1 He can sing a lot of English songs so can she 他会唱很多英语歌曲 她也是 2 She speaks English very well so do I 她英语说得好 我也是 3 Li Lei hasn t read this book neither has Lin Feng 李蕾没看过这本书 林风也没看过 注意点 这两个句型都表示和前面所陈述的内容相同 用倒装句 要注意和 so 主语 be 助动词 情态动词 确实是 相区别 试对比一下例 2 A She speaks English very well 她英语说得很好 B so she does 确实是这样 句型句型 十二十二 否定的转移否定的转移 I don t think his answer is right 我认为他的答案不对 例如 1 I can t believe she is right 我相信她是不对的 2 You don t think they will come tomorrow do you 你认为他们明天不会来 是吗 注意点 Think believe suppose 等接宾语从句时 表示否定时否定主句 变为反意疑问句时 若主语是第一人称 简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致 若主句主语是其他人称 与主句主谓语保 持一致 例 1 变为反意疑问句应为 I can t believe she is right is she 在某些情况下 这种否定也可能不转移 如有兴趣 可上网查找 否定不转移 二二 初中英语重要句型初中英语重要句型 25 25 组 组 1 There1 There bebe 结构结构 a 这是英语中常见的一种结构 表示 某地有某物 其含义为 存在有 eg There are twenty girls in our class have 也解释为 有 但是与 there be 有区别 它的含义是 所有 属有 其主语为某人 eg I have a nice watch b There be 结构中的 be 动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致 C there be 结构的否定和疑问构成方式 2 There2 There isis a a rivernearrivernear ourour school school 5 否 There is not a river near our school 问 Is there a river near our school 回答 Yes there is No there isn t 划 How many rivers are there near our school What s near our school d there be 结构的一般将来时 同学们较难掌握 其正确形式为 there is going to be e 反意疑问句的构成 There is no water in the glass is there There is going to a football match this afternoon A have B watch C be D play They were sure that they were going to a rest A be B have C be on D on 2 so neither2 so neither 引导的倒装句引导的倒装句 a So be 助动词 情态动词 主语 表示某人也是如此 eg Mike has bought some foreign stamps So has Bob Bob has bought some too b Neither be 助动词 情态动词 主语 表示某人也不 eg Mother has never been to Japan Neither has Father Father has never been to Japan either c So 主语 be 助动词 情态动词 表示果真如此 赞同 请与 a 区别 eg A Mike is right in the classroom B So he is He is really in the class room 3 It s 3 It s 时间时间 since since 动词过去式 自从动词过去式 自从 起已有起已有 时间了 时间了 It s two weeks since we met last 自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了 How long is it since we left Beijing 自从我们离开北京已有多久了 4 4 祈使句祈使句 and and 那么那么 eg Go straight on and you ll see a school If you go straight on you ll see a school 5 5 祈使句祈使句 or or 否则否则 eg Work hard or you will fall behind the other students If you don t work hard you ll fall behind the other 6 6 The The 比较级比较级 the the 比较级比较级 越越 越越 eg The more the better 越多越好 6 The harder you work on it the better you ll be at it 你越用功 你就越好 7 How7 How dodo youyou likelike thethe film film What What dodo youyou thinkthink ofof thethe film film 你认为这部电影怎样 你认为这部电影怎样 8 What do8 What do with with 怎样对付怎样对付 怎样处理怎样处理 虽然中文为怎样 我们绝不可照字面翻译为 how eg A What have you done with the library book B I ve just returned it to the library 9 I9 I don tdon t knowknow whatwhat toto do do 我不知道该怎么办 我不知道该怎么办 I don t know how to do 10 What be10 What be like like 是什么样的 是什么样的 eg What s the weather like 天气如何 What s your school like 你们学校是什么样的 11 What for 11 What for 为何目的 为什么 为何目的 为什么 eg What do you want a science lab for Why do you want a science lab 12 one12 one ofof 最高级 复数最高级 复数 最最 之一之一 eg Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers 13 find feel think13 find feel think itit 形容词形容词 to to dodo eg I find it useful to learn English well 我发觉学好英语是很有用的 find 宾语 名词 eg I find him a good boy 我发现他是个好男孩 find 宾语 形容词 eg I find the door open closed 我发现门开 关着 I find our bags filled with full of presents 我发现我们的包装满了礼物 14 I14 I don tdon t think think 肯定句肯定句 我想我想 不不 eg I don t think I ll take it 我想我不买它了 请注意 中文意思否定在从句中 但是英语的表达否定在主句中 15 prefer15 prefer A A toto B likeB like A A betterbetter thanthan B B 更喜欢更喜欢 A A 不怎么喜欢不怎么喜欢 B B eg I prefer fish to chicken I like fish better than chicken prefer to do rather than do would rather do than do would do rather than do 16 had16 had betterbetter dodo sth sth 最好干某事最好干某事 否定 had better not do sth 特别注意 had better 后面跟 be 动词词组 不可漏掉 be 7 eg You d better catch a train You d better not talk in class You d better not be late for the class 17 It17 It isis goodgood nice nice of of 宾格宾格 to to dodo sth sth It is easy important for 宾格 to do sth eg It is very good of you to teach me English 你教我英语真是太好了 18 It18 It takestakes sb sb somesome timetime toto dodo sth sth 干某事化费某人多少时间干某事化费某人多少时间 sb spend some time on sth in doing sth eg It took me half an hour to do the work I spent half anhourin doing the work 19 sb pay19 sb pay 钱钱 forfor 物物 某物化费了某人多少钱某物化费了某人多少钱 sb spend 钱 on 物 物 cost sb 钱 pay 的过去式为 paid 而不是 payed eg I paid thirty yuan for the coat I spent thirty yuan on the coat The coat cost me thirty yuan 20 have20 have beenbeen toto 某人曾去过某地某人曾去过某地 现在人不在那儿现在人不在那儿 sb have been in 地点 某人呆在某地 一段时间 have gone to 某人已去某地 人不在这儿 21 21 too too 形容词形容词 副词副词 to to 太太 而不能而不能 太太 以致于不以致于不 eg The basket is too heavy for me to carry 这篮子太重我拿不动 This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了 买不起 so that 如此 以致于 上面的 too to 结构的句子 可以换成 so that 引导的句子转换 The basket is so heavy that I can t carry it This colour TV is so expensive that we can t afford it 22 What s22 What s thethe populationpopulation ofof 人口有多少 人口有多少 不说 How much population in 形容人口数量的大用 large eg The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA 23 I ve23 I ve comecome toto returnreturn youryour pan pan 我跑来是还你锅的我跑来是还你锅的 Why Why havehave youyou come come 而不用而不用 WhatWhat 24 not until24 not until 连词连词 直到直到 才才 eg He says that he won t be free until tomorrow 他说他需到明天方才有空 8 肯定句 until 到 eg You d better wait until tomorrow 你最好等到明天 25 neither nor 既不 也不 either or 或者 或者 Not only but also 不仅 而且 eg Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word hundred Either you or she is right 谓语动词就近原则 both and 两者都 eg Both Jim and I are in Grade One 主语看作复数 练习题 1 Where is Mary Oh she the librory A has gone to B went to C has been to D had gone to 2 He knew little about the film he saw it yesterday evening A if B since C until D because 3 I change his mind Don t worry He ll surely come to get it A think he won t B think he will C don t think he won t D don t think he will 4 do you the TV play Not bad I think A How think of B What like C How like D What think 5 I have a good time the party A hope you will at B like you on C hope you to in D want you that from 完成句子 完成句子 1 中国有多少人口 中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一 the population of China It s about of the world s population 2 门铃一直响着 直到门被林涛打开才停 The doorbell until the door was opened by Lin Tao 3 午饭后他休息了一会儿 我也休息了一会儿 He had a short rest after lunch and I 4 史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了 more than ten years Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town 5 公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有 The bus was crowded that there was hardly standing room in it 思考题 思考题 1 做饭花了她半个小时 9 It half an hour some cooking I half an hour some cooking 2 你真好 经常在数学上帮助我 It s really nice you to me my 3 Lily 跑得不快 赢不了比赛 Lily run quickly the race Lily the race 4 在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样 a Teachers Day card the art lesson 5 足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一 Football is games in our school 三三 英语五类重点必知句型英语五类重点必知句型 一 常使用动词不定式的短语一 常使用动词不定式的短语 1 It s time to do sth It s time for sth 该作某事的时候了 2 can t wait to do sth 迫不及待要作某事 3 ask tell sb not to do sth 要求 告诉某人 不 作某事 4 allow sb to do sth 允许某人作某事 5 be supposed to do sth 应该作某事 6 Would like want sb to do sth 想要作某事 7 have sth nothing to do 有 时要做 与 无关 8 find it adj to do sth 发觉作某事 9 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿作某事 而不愿作某事 10 It s adj for sb to do sth 作某事对某人来说 11 It s better best to do sth 最好做某事 12 It takes sb st to do sth 某人做某事用了一些时间 二 常用动名词的短语二 常用动名词的短语 1 enjoy like love doing sth 喜欢做某事 2 keep keep on carry on go on doing sth 继续做某事 3 feel like doing sth 想要做某事 4 practice doing sth 练习作某事 5 give up doing sth 放弃作某事 6 be good at do well in doing sth 擅长作某事 7 pay attention to doing sth 注意作某事 8 what about how about doing sth 怎么样 好吗 10 9 Thank you for doing sth 为 感谢某人 10 mind doing sth 介意作某事 11 be used for doing sth be used to do sth 被用来作某事 12 spend in doing sth 花时间作某时 13 be busy doing with sth 忙于作某事 14 finish doing sth 作完某时 15 look forward to doing 盼望做某事 16 prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢 胜过 17 be get used to doing sth 习惯作某事 18 keep stop prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人作某事 三 省略动词不定式的短语三 省略动词不定式的短语 1 一看二听三使役 see hear feel notice look at listen to sb do sth 看见 听见 感觉 注意某人作某事 make let have sb do sth 使 让某人做某事 2 help sb to do sth with sth 帮助某人作某事 3 had better not do sth 最好 不 做某事 4 Why don t you not do sth 为什么不作某事 5 Would Will Could you please not do sth 请你 不 作某事好吗 四 四 同义词比较同义词比较 1 stop to do sth 停下正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在作的事 eg When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking After he worked for an hour he stopped to have a rest 2 forget remember to do sth 忘记 记得要去作某事 forget remember doing sth 忘记记得曾经做过某事 eg Please remember to bring my book to school I remember doing my homework 3 used to do sth 过去常常作某事 be used to do sth 被用来作某事 be used to doing sth 习惯于作某事 eg My father used to smoke Wood is used to make paper I am used to getting up e