初中现在完成时讲解.doc

现在完成时复习教案【教学目标】1.能掌握现在完成时态的构成，句型和具体用法。2.能区别现在完成时态和一般过去时态。【教学重点】1.现在完成时态的构成，句型转换。2.for和 since用法。3瞬间动词和延续性动词的转换。【教学难点】1.过去分词的变化形。2.for和 since用法。【教学方法】ppt, 讲义，讲练结合，【教学手段】多媒体【教学过程】一现在完成时的构成及表达的意义: 构成： have/ has +过去分词 意义：1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Now we have planted all the trees. 2) 表示过去发生的动作, 但强调结果或对现在的影响。Have you had your supper?I have read the book twice already.在以上两种用法中常跟already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, recently等时间继续下去的状语。3) 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。He has studied English for 6 years. Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.二过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化：规则变化 ：1.直接加-ed。如：play-played 2.以字母e结尾的直接加d 。如：name-named 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried 4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped不规则变化：am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come run- ran run become-became-become三现在完成时的句型：1.肯定句：I have eaten my lunch.2.否定句：I havent eaten my lunch.3.疑问句及回答： Have you eaten your lunch?Yes,I have ./No,I havent.四现在完成时应注意的几点：Note1. 与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in2002等.而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在没有关系。- I have seen the film.- I saw the film last week.Note2. have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。Note3. for and since用法：for+表示一段时间的词组since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组 /一般过去时的句子PS.谓语只可用延续性动词.Note4.瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换come/go be (in) leave be away borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on finish be overgo out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married (to) be married (to)begin to work/study/live work/study/leavefall asleep/get to sleep be asleep