备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习：倒装句.doc

2010-2011第二学期高二年英语语法：倒装句(Inversion) 2011.6.14英语的倒装有两大类型：全倒装和部分倒装。一、全倒装 全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1、here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时主席来了。 Here comes the bus.车来了。Here is your letter. (这里是)你的信Then came a noise like thunder. Now comes the bus. Here is a letter for you. There goes the last train.2、最典型的There be 句型。there be 结构实际上就是一种全部倒装的语序。E.g. There is a book in the bag. 表 系 主语There is/ are There was/were There will be There must be There may/might be There seem(s) /seemed to be There used to be There happen(s )/happened to be 3.表示运动方向的副词，介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语away, in, under out, down, up, off, back置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如： Out rushed the little boy with an apple in his hand.小男孩跑了出来，手里拿着一个苹果。又如：Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下面窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。The door opened, and in came Mr Smith.Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.In the corner of the room stands a writing table.South of the city lies a big factory. Under the bed lies a cat.In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.注意：以上两种全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, rise, walk, run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如下列句子，不能倒装：Here you are.给你。 Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走开了。 Here it rains a lot every month of the year.Then she went to the shop. Here we are! Off you go!4. 主语太长，表语（形容词, 现在分词, 过去分词)提前，构成全倒装。1). Present at the meeting were some young people calling themselves pioneers of modern art.2). Participating in the Olimpic Games were 6,000 athletes from 150 countries.5代词such作表语，意“这样的人/物”，应置于句首，其后全倒装。 Such were the facts.Such would be our home in the future.二、部分倒装/半倒装 部分倒装也叫半倒装，是指将谓语的一部分，如be动词、助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。e.g. Has he finished his work?Its a lovely day, isnt it?2特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语时，特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。 e.g. When did you go there? 3句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never (before), seldom, little, hardly, scarcely , barely , not once , under on condition ，at no time, in no way,not until等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。例如：Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。Hardly can I believe that. Seldom does she write to me. Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装（从句不倒装）。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 Not until he was ten did he go to school. 直到十岁他才上学。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题： 1）Why cant I smoke here? At no time_ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 3）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize 4.以否定词开头的一些结构作部分倒装 1）Not onlybut also连接两个分句，Not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics.Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 注：若not onlybut(also)连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。2)Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than，意思为；“一.就”，若hardly, no sooner位于句首时，主句中(第一个省略号处)要求部分倒装用had sb done；而第二个省略号处用did。Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang. No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded by the workers.典型例题：No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut （also）, no soonerthan, hardly when，scarcely when等等。 注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。 5. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so表“也”、“同样”意，neither/ nor表“也不”、“同样不”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：You can swim, so can I. If you go, so will I. My sister doesnt like football, neither/ nor do I. Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 If you wont go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。 典型例题 1）-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 2）- Do you know Tom bought a new car? - I dont know, _. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 答案为B= neither do I care由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。nor为增补意思也不关心。A错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，意为的确如此，不可用倒装结构。例如： 1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。 2)-Its raining hard. 雨下得真大。-So it is.是呀。 6.Only+状语在句首倒装的情况only修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.注：“only名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。e.g. Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (误)7. as / though 引导的倒装句 as引导的让步从句as表示“虽然” “尽管”，的意思，引导让步状语从句时，必须倒装；though（虽然）引导的让步状语从句，可以倒装，也可以不倒装。必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。结构为：形容词、副词、实义动词和名词（不带冠词）+ as +主语+谓语如：Young as he is, he knows a lot of things. Fast as you run, you cant catch up with him. Try as she does, (=Although she tries) she will never find it.King as he is(=Though he is a king), he is unhappy.但需注意： 1）句首名词不能带任何冠词,如：Child as he is, he is brave.尽管他是个小孩，他很勇敢。2）实义动词提前放句首, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如： Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。 注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 8.虚拟语气条件句中虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had（助动词）, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：Had they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldnt have moved into the building.（要是）知道他们的邻居是名鼓手的话，他们就不会搬进楼里。Were I you, I would try it again. （如果）我是你的话，就再试一次。 Were I you, I would do more exercise. (= If I were you)Had I had time, I would have gone shopping with you.(= If I had had time)9.其他部分倒装 1） so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。sothat (如此以致) 常用句型结构为：so +adj./adv. +助动词等+主语+其他谓语+that例如：So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。 So young is he that he cant go to school.So loudly did he speak that everybody could hear him clearly.2)often, many a time 等表示频度的状语位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。e.g. Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance.3） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如： May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。 Exercise for Inversion 1.Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound conclusion.A. can you B. you can C. would you D. you would2._ that this region was so rich in natural resources.A. Little he knew B. Little did he know C. Little he did know D. Little he had known3.Never again _ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.A. Alfred E.Smith seriously sought B. seriously Alfred E.Smith soughtC. when did Alfred E.Smith seriously seek D. did Alfred E.Smith seriously seek4.Only in recent years _ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.A. people have B. since people have C. have people D. people who have 5.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head.A. that he turned B. did he turn C. he didnt turn D. he had turned 6._ received law degrees as today.A. Never so women have B. The women arent ever C. Women who have never D. Never have so many women7. Not only _ about the food, he also refused to pay for it.A. the customer complainedB. when the customer complainedC. did the customer complainD. the customer did complain8._ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots areC. So clever are the construction robots D. Such clever construction robots are9._ do we go for picnics.A. Certainly B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Once10.Her answer is not acceptable, and _.A. neither am I B. either is mine C. neither is mine D. mine is neither11.So fast _ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.A. light travel B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel12.Smith is a good student and studies very hard, _.A. so it is with MaryB. so does MaryC. so is MaryD. neither does Mary13._ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.A. If he took B. If he has taken C. Had he taken D. Should he take14.Beneath our feet _ that our life depends on for food and clothing.A. the earth lay B. the earth lies C. lie the earth D. lies the earth15.Our eating habits have changed, _ our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.A. so is B. as has C. which has D. the same is16._ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.A. At B. By C. Up to D. Not until 17.Hardly _ he got out of the court _ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.A. had when B. hadthan C. didwhen D. hasthan18. Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy wentB. went the boyC. did the boy goD. did go the boy19.Important _ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.A. to B. for C. as D. although20.According to the periodic table, _ still some elements undiscovered.A. there seem to be B. it seems C. it seems to be D. here seems21.Here _ you want to see.A. the manager comes B. comes the manager C. comes a manager D. is coming a manager22.Barry can hardly drive a car, _.A. so cant Molly B. cant Molly either C. Molly cant too D. neither can Molly23._ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.A. Had not it been B. Had it not been C. There was D. Is there24._ no air or water, there would be no life in the world.A. Were there B. There are C. There was D. Is there25. Not only _ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.A. the computer can memorize B. can the computer memorize C. do the computer memorize D. can memorize the computer26.Not once _ his view of life.A. did the gentleman mention B. the gentleman mentioned thatC. the gentleman mentioned D. does gentleman mentioned27.By no means _ their own language well.A. it is true that all English people know B. is it true that do all English people knowC. it is true that do all English people know D. is it true that all English people know28. No sooner _ the theatre than the film Tony began.A. reachedB. had I reachedC. I had reachedD. did I reach29.The worlds birth rates are on a decline and _ are the death rates.A. so B. also C. too D. the same30.Typical of the new type of young people _, who set a shining example to the whole nation.A. was Lei Feng B. were Lei Feng C. Lei Feng was D. Lei Feng were31._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see the fi