最好用的英语总结初中英语学习必备.doc

初中英语学习必备一、动词+介词 1look at看，look like 看上去像， look after 照料 2listen to听 3welcome to欢迎到 4say hello to 向问好 5speak to对说话 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如： This is my new bike. Please look it after.() This is my new bike. Please look after it.() 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A动词（vt.）+副词 1put on 穿上 2take off脱下 3write down记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较： First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. () First listen to the answer, then write down it.() First listen to the answer, then write it down.() B动词（vi）+副词。 1come on赶快 2get up起床 3go home回家 4come in进来 5sit down坐下 6stand up起立 此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games 【二】、介词短语聚焦 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着。如：in English，in the hat 2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等。 3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”； 如：There are some in the tree. on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。 如：There are many apples on the trees. 6in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”； on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。 如：如：Therere four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。 8at + 时刻表示钟点。如：at six, at half , past ten. 9like this/that表示方式，意为“像这/那样”。 10of短语表示所属关系。 如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。 如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree. 12from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从”，后者意为“到”。如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work. 另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如： on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。 【三】、重点句型大回放 1I think意为“我认为”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。 其否定式常用I dont think，如：I think hes Mr Zhinag. (L17)I dont think you are right. 2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把给”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型； 若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如： His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57) 3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送)带到”，后常接地点，也可接人。如： Please take the new books to the classroom. 4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是；另一个是”，必须是两者中。 如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red, the other is grey. 5Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式； 其否定式为Dont let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Lets 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内。 如：Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please. 6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事” 前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。 如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it. 7What about？/How about？意为“怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。 about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess? 8Its time to do/ Its time for sth. 意为“该做的时间了” 其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如：Its time to have supper. =Its time for supper. 9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事” 如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43) 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较： Tom likes swimming, but doesnt like to swim this afternoon. 10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，如： Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44) 11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前面第2点。如： Show your friend your family photo.（L36）/Show your family photo to your friend. 12introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”； introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。如：Introduce your family to her. 【四】、重点短语快速复习 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. eitheror或者或者，不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因而著名 8. on ones way to在途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在的尽头，在的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make ones way to往（艰难地）走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先，第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室 23. at the head of在的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢，抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和吵架【五】、（按字母序）短语总复习 A ask sb about doing sth ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 agree to do sth 同意做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 (sb.)be allowed to do sth (某人)被允许做某事 B be interested in doing sth 乐忠于做某事 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth. = be afraid to do sth by doing sth 通过做某事的方法/依据此事做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 C consider doing sth 考虑做某事 cant stand doing sth 不能忍受做某事. D do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做某事 drop doing sth do well in doing sth 在某方面做的好 decide to do sth 决定做某事 E end up doing sth enjoy doing sth 对某事感到兴趣 F forget to do sth忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记已做过的事 find sb doing sth发现某人在做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 G get to do sth give up doing sth 放弃做某事 go on doing sth继续做同一件事 go on to do sth.继续做不同的事 H have trouble doing sth 焦虑于做某事 how to do sth 怎么去做某事 had better do sth 最好做某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事 hear sb to do sth 听到某人去做某事 help sb to do sth.=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 I it is time to do sth 是该时间做某事 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事 love to do sth 暂时性地喜欢去做某事 同like用法 love doing sth 指一直都很喜欢做某事 同like用法 invite sb to do sth J K keep sb./ sth. out (of sth.) 不让入内 keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事 keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事 keep sb from doing 不让某人做某事 L let sb do sth like to do sth 暂时性地喜欢去做某事 同love用法 like doing sth 指一直都很喜欢做某事 同love用法 listen to sth lend sb to do sth 送某人去做什么 M mind ones doing sth make sb. do sth 使某人做某事 mind doing sth N (sb.)need to do sth (某人)需要去做某事 O P practice doing sth 练习做某事 prefer to do sth rather do sth. prefer doing(A) to doing(B) 比起B更喜欢A plan to do sth 计划做某事 Q R remember (not)to do sth (不)记得去做 remember doing sth 记得已做过 S stop to do sth 停止原先做的事再去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 succeed in doing sth 在某事上获取了成功 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(同watch用法)(sb)spend some time doing sth. (某人)花时间做某事 start to do sth/doing sth. =begin to do sth./doing sth.开始做某事 T try to do sth 努力做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事 tell sb (not)to do sth thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事 too.to do sth 太.而不能 做某事 the best way to do sth 做某事的最好方式 takes sb some time to do sth. 花时间做某事 U used to do sth 过去经常做什么 used for doing sth 用于做什么 used of 利用 V W watch sb do sth 表示看见某人做某事的全过程(同see等用法) watch sb doing sth 表示看见某人正在做某事(同see等用法)would like to do sth 想要去做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 want to do sth. 想要去做某事 What about doing sth 做某事怎么样? 通常用于提建议. watch / see/ hear sb do / doing sth Why not do sth 为什么不做某事呢? 通常用于提建议 wait for sb to do sth 等待某人为自己做某事 X Y youd better (not)do sth 你最好(不)要做某事 Z 【六】、其他重要考点复习：一. 出现以下词,用do填空: can , could, may, must, need, had better, have to, make, see, hear, watch, notice, lets, why not, Will ( Would ) you please 二. 出现以下词,用to do 填空: would like, want, hope, wish, remember, forget, need ,like,begin, start, decide, ask, tell, learn, teach, try, stop, plan, take ,allow, know, refuse, invite , offer, lend, enough, have something（to do）, take time, its time, adj./疑问词后, Its +形容词+to do something, make up ones mind to do, set ones mind to do, get order三. 出现以下词,用doing 填空: finish, like, enjoy, mind, keep, prevent, stop, mention, hear, see, watch, notice, listen, spend, practice, hate, be busy, there be, do some, go doing, be worth, feel like, thank somebody for, excuse somebody for, cant help, prefer to, look forward to, have fun doing, make a contribution to, be used to,介词:at, in, on, of, from, for, about, with, without, 四. 基数词的特殊变化 one-first ; two-second; three-third; five-fifth; eight-eighth; nine-ninth; twelve-twelfth; twenty-twentieth; twenty-one-twenty-first 五. 代词的变化: 主格宾格所有格(adj.)所有格(n.)反身代词Imemyminemyselfyouyouyouryoursyourselfhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvestheythemtheirtheirsthemselves六. 表示天气的词 1. sunsunny 2. cloudcloudy 3. rainrainy 4. windwindy 5. fogfoggy 6. mistmisty 7. snowsnowy 8. showershowery 七. 表示方向的词 1. easteasterneasterner(s) 2. southsouthernsoutherner(s) 3. westwesternwesterner(s) 4. northnorthernnortherner(s) 八. 国家-国家的(人) 1. ChinaChinese 2. JapanJapanese 3. Germany-German 4. CanadaCanadian 5. SwedenSwedish 6. Australia-stralian 7. ItalyItalian 8. IndiaIndian 9. FranceFrench-renchman 10. AmericaAmerican 九. 一些特殊的名词复数及短语 1. leaf_2. life_3. thief_4. knife_5. shelf_6. half_7. roof_8. German_9. sheep_10. deer_11. child_12. woman teacher_13. tooth_14. foot_15. people_16. postman_19. boy_20. key_21. story_22. family_23. century_24. baby_26. tomato_27. potato_28. radio_29. zoo_30. kilo_31. photov _32. businessman_33. woman_34. man_35. difficulty_36. monkey_37. mouse_十. 不规则形容词和副词的比较级及最高级: 1. goodbetterbest 2. wellbetterbest 3. muchmoremost 4. manymoremost 5. badworseworst 6. badlyworseworst 7. illworseworst 8. farfartherfarthest 9. oldolderoldest 10. oldeldereldest 11. littlelessleast 词组21. put down 放下 shut down 把关上 cut down 砍掉come down下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下write down 写下 get down 下来,降落2. after all 毕竟.终究 after that 于是.然后 day after day 日复一日地one after another 相继.挨次 soon after 不久以后 the day after tomorrow 后天 3. come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来send up 发射 open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大pick up 拾起、捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光clean up 打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事4. arrive at/in + n. 到达 get to +n.到达 reach + n.到达 arrive / get +adv.到达 5. getback 退还, 送回去.取回 give back 归还 come back 回来 at the back of 在的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once 立刻,马上at school 在上学 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作 be good at=do well in 善长 laugh at 嘲笑 notat all 一点也不 at first 起初 at night 在晚上 at noon 中午 at the age of / when sb. wasyears old 在岁时at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于 at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初at the end of 在终点、结尾 at the moment /now 现在 at the foot of在脚下at Christmas 在圣诞节 at any moment 任何时候 at times(sometimes)有时, 偶尔at the doctors 在医务室 be bad at不善长7.for example 例如 for ever 永远 be good for 对有益 be bad for对有害for long=for a long time 长期 for short 简称 be short for是的简称 TV is short for “television” 8. come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自, 出生于come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶快 come over 过来 come along 走吧,过来,快点come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来9.even though=even if 即使、虽然、尽管10. be pleased with 对感到满意 be covered with 被覆盖 be expected to do sth.被期望做某事 be proud of 以自豪speak highly of 称赞 be afraid of害怕 hear of听说 (hear from sb.收到某人的来信) of cause=certainly当然可以 plenty of= a lot of许多11.by the way 顺便说 by oneself 单独,独自 by the end of到为至 by the time (引起时间状语从句) 到的时候 one by one依次 by air / plane 乘飞机 by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/ 火车/轿车(catch a bus赶公交车get on / off the bus上/下车take a bus to=go to by bus乘车去)12.do / try ones best 尽力 do ones homework 做家庭作业 do (the/some) shopping 购物do the cooking 烹饪 do some cleaning 打扫 do the / some washing洗衣服do sport做运动do with sb / sth.处理well done干得好13.early in the morning 一大早 in the early spring 初春 in my early days 我幼年时期early bus 早班车14.make a contribution to 贡献给、捐献 make a telephone call to sb. /ring sb. up /give sb. a call /phone sb. 给某人打电话 connectto把与连接起来 be close to 靠近(某地) give birth to生(孩子) lose to sb输给sb .15.eitheror或者或者. on either side of the stree t街道任何一边(on each side of the street 街道每一边 on both sides of the street街道两边) 16.keep doing sth.不停地做某事 (表示状态继续) keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行) practise doing sth. 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事)17.go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一 事) go straight along 沿着一直往前走 go down下降, go for a walk散, go over复习 go shopping买东西, go to the cinema去看电影 go well进展顺利, go off to 动身前往, go out外出, go to work去上班, go up上升, want a go 想试一试 18. think about 考虑 (think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到 think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出) talk about 谈论, worry about 担心, How / What about?怎么样?19.borrowfrom 从借. (lendto把借给) from door to door 挨家挨, from time to time 时时 from now on 从今以后 from then on 从那以后be different from与不同 learnfrom向学习 20.get dressed 穿衣 get into进入 get / be lost丢失 get off / on下/上车get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好 get out of从出来 get ready for +n.为做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get / go to sleep (fall asleep) 入睡 (be asleep睡着) get warm 变暧 get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会21. look for 寻找 wait for 等候 look after=take care of照看 look like看起来像look over 检查,复习 look out 小心,从里向外看 look the same 看起来一样 look up 向上看,查单词, look around 环视 look forward to 期望 look through 温习,检查 22. set off 出发、动身 put off 推迟 keep off 避开、不靠近 drop off 放下(某物) turn off 关 jump off 跳离, take off 脱(衣) (飞机)起飞 23. half a kilo 半千克 half an hour 半小时 in half 分成两半 half of the day 半天 24. do eye exercises 做眼保健操 do morning exercises 做早操 take (more) exercise (多)参加体育锻炼 an exercise book 练习本 25. take part in 参加 hand in 上交 in hospital 住院 in surprise 吃惊地 in the sun 在阳光下 in trouble 处于困境 in a minute / moment 马上 26. leave for 动身去某地 27 feed on 以为主食 live on 继续活着 base on 以为根据 carry on 坚持、继续下去and so on 等等 on the other hand 另一方面 on foot 步行 28. be famous for 以.著名 be excited about +n./V-ing 对感到兴奋 be interested in 对感兴趣be born出生 be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. 忙于 be amazed at 对.感到惊讶 29. move away 移开 move to (搬)移到 30. search the Internet上网31. make sure 确信 make a dialogue 编对话 make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 由于疏忽make a noise 吵闹 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends (with) 和.交朋友 make room for 给.让地方 make tea 沏茶 make money 赚钱 make a decision作出决定 32.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事33. leave sth+介词短语 “把忘记在某处” 34.forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 35.hear sb. to do (doing)sth. 听见某人做某事36.help sb. (to) do sth ./help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 with ones help在某人的帮助下 with pleasure 乐意37.the summer holiday(s) 暑假 the winter holiday(s)寒假 38.step into 走进 pour into 倒入39.in the first 第一 for the first time 第一次 at first起初 a firs t language 母语 first of all 首先 40. leave a message for sb. 给某人留条 give / take sb. a message 给某人捎口信41. take photos / pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出 work out 算出take care 当心 take medicine 服药 take ones temperature 量体温take ones time 别着急 take a walk 散步 take place 发生 42. learn by oneself / teach oneself 自学 learn by heart 背熟 43. a year and a half (one and a half years ) 一年半 44. have a try 尝试,努力 try out 尝试、试验 find out / about 找出,查明 have a good / wonderful / great / time 玩得开心 have a (bad) cold (重)感冒 have a meeting / walk / watch 开会/散步/比赛 have sports 进行体育活动 have nothing / sth. to do with 与.无(有)关 have no idea 不知道have (ones) medicine 服药45. offer sb sth. 某人提供某物 46.win first prize 获一等奖47.all over the world= around the world =throughout the world 全世界48. all kinds of 各种各样的 49. neither nor 既不也不.50. not only but also 不但而且 , both and 和都 51. the more , the better 越多越好52. all ones life 一生 53. as soon as 一就 as soon as possible 尽可能早地、尽快 as well = too 也as much as 至多 as little as 至少 regard as 把当作 as if 好像54. no matter 无论 55 ever since 从那以后,此后一直 56.so far 到目前为止 or so大约 57. another two hours (=two more hours ) 又(再) 2个小时58. three times a week 一周三次 59. the number of 的数量 a (large / good) number of / large numbers of / many 许多60.less than 少于 less and less 越来越少61.is another way of saying 什么是.的另一说法 Quick is another way of saying fast. Bike is short for bicycle.62. notuntil直到才63.be like像 feel like +n./V-ing 想要 like best 最喜欢 would like to 想要64.the 24 hour clock 24小时制65.wash away 冲走 run away逃跑 take away 带走 66.before long 不久 long before / ago 很久以前 for long =for a long time 长期no longer = not. .any longer 不再 67.more or less = about 或多或少 大约more than = over 多于,超过68.every year 每年 every four years 每隔四年 every other day 每隔一天 everyday English / life 日常英语/生活 69.