M6U1Grammar教案.doc

高二英语教案学案一体化讲义 编制人：陆英 编制时间： 2012/8/30 使用时间： _Module 6 Unit 1 Grammar非谓语动词Teaching designTeaching aims1. Learn the usages of infinitive, verb-ed and verb-ing.2. Learn the difference and usage of verb-ing and verb-edDifficult pointsLearn the usages of infinitive, verb-ed and verb-ing.Teaching procedures、谓语动词与非 谓语动词的区别高考题点击：1.“Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 、非谓语动词作主语Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.注意: 第一是并行结构问题 如：Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.第二需要注意一些结构： A) Its no use (no good) doing sth.B) 在 Its + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary) 后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的), mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do eg.It is necessary for me to know how to use a computer.、非谓语动词作表语 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。注意: 一是并行结构问题二是时间问题： 一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。My dream of life is to become a scientist.另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。 现在分词说明主语所具有的特征； 过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。The speech was _.The students were greatly_.、非谓语动词作定语Eg.1) I have some letters to write. 2) In 1975, George Burns acted in a film called The Sunshine Boys. 3) You can expect to hear a lot more from Billy Crystal- he has no plans to stop making films.4)Tom is often the first one to arrive at school.5)The man performing on the stage is a famous comedian.位置：单个分词做定语可放在名词前，其余均放在名词后。Do you know the student seated /sitting at the back of the classroom?Have you read the news referring to house prices?the concerned parents 忧心的家长the parents concerned 相关的家长高考题点击：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung( hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语)注意：A) 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系； a sleeping childB）动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义； a sleeping bagC）不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语； I dont think he is the best man _(do) the job. He is always the first / the last one _ (leave) the office. D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作eg. 1)John took many photos of leaves fallen to the ground. to be done 表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作eg: The underground system being built in the city will be open next year. 练一练：The meeting _ yesterday is very important.The meeting _ tomorrow is very important.The meeting _ now is very important. 、非谓语动词作宾语 1. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (介词的宾语一般都用动名词) A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking2. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking3. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 4. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等；注意2：动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。注意3：在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth. 例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.4. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had timeB. having time C. to have timeD. to having time仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit advocate(提倡) appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind miss practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow permit forbid advise 可以用以下口诀进行记忆：(背景为你刚到一个新的单位。)避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，承认盼望原谅，想象训练冒险，不禁介意空想，建议考虑逃亡。 但如果在 allow permit forbid advise后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。如：allow sb to do sth 在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。如：want doing = want to be done5. - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _ A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to waitC. wait D. to be waiting特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stopstop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do （动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（动作已经发生）try to do （设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing （试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）cant help (to) do （不能帮忙做） cant help doing （忍不住要做）8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set upB. setting up C. have set up D. having set up9. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving making B. to solving made C. to solve making D. to solve made要特别注意 to 为介词还是不定式。be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to，stick to， turn to ，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to，contribute to, lead to 等 、非谓语动词作宾补常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage sb.to do sth.主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。 The teacher encouraged me to work hard.We invite you to watch our performance tomorrow evening.have(让) , notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, makesb. do sth.I heard him call me several timesWho would you like to have do the experiment?notice, see, watch, hear, find, have(让) , feel, keep, leavesb. doing sth.主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. He has the machine running all the time.I wont have my students cheating in the exam. (否定句中表“容忍”)动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changedShe was surprised that the washingmachine she had had repaired went wrong again.注意点：一、感官动词的宾语补足语：常见感官动词：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, noticeI heard her _ an English song at the party.I heard her _ an English song when I passed her room yesterday.I heard an English song _ by a little girl the other day.They could only see him _(stand)there moving his lips.After getting off the stage,the actor felt a great weight (lift) from him.改为被动结构时只有中的非谓语动词需要改变.She was heard _ an English song at the party.二、 使役动词的宾语补足语：make / let/ have sb. do get sb. to doMother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.You may get your son to carry the heavy box for youhave / get/ keep sb. / sth. doingThey had the machine running all night long.Can you help me to get the car going.The cruel woman kept the boy standing in the rain for an hour.have sb. doing 用于疑问句、否定句，意为“容忍、允许”.I wont have you speaking to your mother like that.意为：我不允许你那样跟你妈妈讲话。have / get/ make sth. doneIll have/ get my bike _ tomorrow.He raised his voice to make himself _.Tom had his legs _ while playing football.意为：Tom踢足球时伤了腿。have sth. done 除了表示使某事被做以外，还可用来表示不幸的遭遇。注意：被动语态中，不定式做主语补足语时，to一定要加上。The father made the boy stay at home.The boy was made _ at home.leave sb. doing 使 保持某种状态 leave sth. undone 留下某事未做 leave sb. to do/ leave sth. to be done 留下某人去做某事/留下某事要被做Its wrong of you to leave the machine _(run).The guest left most of the dishes _(untouch), because they didnt taste delicious.He went to the cinema, leaving me _(do) all the rest of the work.We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems _( settle).1. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning使役动词 make sb. do sth. 但改为被动语态后，则应为：be made to do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定式的用法。2. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用 people have a computer do 这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构： have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth. done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have (有) sb. / sth. to do /to be done3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outthat 引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。4. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to play感官动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等没有宾补。5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not to为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. Im sorry if I hurt you, but I didnt mean to.但be、have (助动词)不可省如：China is no longer what it used to be. He hasnt finished the job, but he ought to have. 、非谓语动词作状语一、不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等, 还可以用于某些作表语的形容词后面作原因或结果状语。 Many people went to see Sang Lan in the hospital to cheer her up. I stayed there to see what would happen. 他待在那里，想看看会发生什么。（目的） He hurried to the station, only to find the train gone.他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。（ 结果 ） I am very glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。（ 原因 ） She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了，做不了那项工作。（ 结果 ）二、分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。如： Wishing to advocate better treatment for disabled people, Sang Lan took part in many activities.( )Being sick, I stayed at home. （_）Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice.（_）United, we stand; divided, we fell. 团结则存，分裂则亡。（_）Inspired by Sang Lans story, the students decide to work harder at their lessons. ( _ )Travelling around the city, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise/The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it . 那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（_）The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。(_)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 告诉他多次，他还是犯同样的错误。（_）He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. ( manner )Turning to the left at the crossroads, you will see the whole city. ( condition )三、注意点：1、非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，构成主动或被动关系。Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.Hearing the news, she burst into tears.2、表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或 when引导。如：Be careful _the street. 过马路时小心。3、有时，“with或without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况或原因。 _ all the work _, he happily went home. 工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。4、当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。The young man rushed into the room, _his face covered with sweat. 年轻人冲进屋，满脸是汗。The monitor being ill, wed better putting the meeting off. 班长病了，我们还是延期开会吧。Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits , we will go out. It being Sunday today, the library doesnt open.=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesnt open.5、某些固定结构中，分词的逻辑主语不受句子主语的限制，可独立使用，称为独立分词结构或悬垂分词。 这些结构有：adv.(generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly/ briefly ) + speaking, judging from / by 从 判断considering / takinginto consideration supposing /providing / provided that 假如given sth./ that 假如，考虑到 _his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. _, I dont like him at all.坦率地说,我一点也不喜欢他. 6、某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分To make things/matters even worse ; To begin with ; To tell you the truth; To be honest/ exact / strict / frank ; Believe it or not _ (= Frankly speaking), I dont like your attitude._, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour.7、分词作状语相当于带有关联词的状语从句，所以，要注意不能再次使用关联词。如：Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.高考题点击： 1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept不定式作目的状语，还可用in order to或so as to来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。3. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To loselose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入”，主语 he 为 lose 的宾语。4. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。5.He hurried to the booking office only _that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told动词不定式表结果状语、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快的结果; 句中tell和句子主语he之间是动宾关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching油价上涨的必然结果就是reach a record,故用现在分词作结果状语。7. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begunonce 在此处为连词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，与句子主语The research 为动宾关系，故该用过去分词。8. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。注1：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。9. In order to improve English, . A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father Jenny给自己买很多磁带以提高英语成绩，故只有B项的句子主语才和动词不定式表示的动作一致10. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists现在分词和选项中的句子主语the tall building才保持一致，它们之间构成动宾关系注4: 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。13. _, the concert began. A. The listeners having taken their seats B. Having taken their seats C. Having taken their places D. Taking their seats析：独立主格做状语。主语concert 不可能执行take the seat 这一动作，必须加the listeners 做逻辑主语14. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest_ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 析：今天我先给你寄100美元, 其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。 the rest和to follow构成独立主格结构。不定式表主动和某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分15. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having givengiven 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于 considering。其它注意点VIII、非谓语动词的时态语态使用非谓语动词的时候务必要注意非谓语动词和主句的谓语动词的先后关系以及它和主句的语语之间的逻辑关系(主动?被动?)1.I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gonewould love to do sth=would like to do sth想要做事。 用不定式的完成时=I had wanted to go to the party：我原想/打算去参加晚会的（含义：没有去成） 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情发生在过去。Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he is studying in. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he will study in. 3.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears_everything. A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told appear后面跟不定式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，与tell之间存在被动关系，且动作发生在let之前。应该用不定式的完成被动式。4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenremain 后接 to do，此处 it 指代后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。5._to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed 对比：_(Having been )Exposed_to sunlight for too much time, her skin will be done harm._Exposed _to sunlight for too much time,ones skin will be done harm to._Exposing ones skin to sunlight for too much time,he or she will