高中英语倒装句语法知识汇总.doc

高中英语倒装句语法知识汇总清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供高中英语倒装句语法知识汇总一.概念: 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。二.相关知识点精讲按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为：完全倒装： 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。部分倒装： 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Our teacher came in. In came our teacher.这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Here it is. Away he went.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Here comes the bus. Out rushed the boys.2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do.Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat manB. a fat man sat C. did a fat man satD. sat a fat man4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.In front of the tower flews a stream.5. so + 动词+主语neither/ nor + 动词+主语表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is withYou can ride a bike. So can I . He has been to Beijing. So have I .The first one isnt good, neither is the second.His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.7. done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.8. 否定副词not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。We seldom get up at four in the morning. = Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.9. hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.10. not only but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.11. only 及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用： only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.12. 虚拟语气中的倒装句If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.三.巩固练习1._ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began.A. In came Mr BrownB. Mr Brown in cameC. In came heD. came in Mr Brown3. Over _, dead.A. rolling the goatB. rolled the goatC. did the goat rollD. the goat rolled4.Where is my shirt, mum?_.A. There is itB. There it isC. There isD. Here is it5. Where is your father?Oh, _.A. here he comesB. he here comesC. here does he comeD. here comes he6. The door opened and there _.A. enters an old man B. entered an old manC. did an old man enter D. an old man entered7. Now _ your turn to recite the text.A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is8. Often _ them not to smoke here.A. we advisedB. advised meC. did we adviseD. had we advised9. _ playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boysB. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the roomD. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. are hanging B. hanged C. hangD. hangs 11. _ who was wounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldierC. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours _ , who is no less than eighty.A. that lives an old man B. does an old man liveC. lives an old man D. where lives an old man13. She plays the piano very well, _.A. so every one of us doesB. every one of us doesC. so does every one of usD. so do every one of us14. You say he works hard, _, and _.A. so he does; so you doB. so he does; so do youC. so does he; so do youD. so does he; so you do15. I thought you women were present at the meeting. _.A. So we wereB. So we didC. So were weD. So did we16. I dont think Jack will come today, _. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesnt C. Mary will either D. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, _I.A. so amB. nor am C. neither doD. nor do18. Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .A. So it was with EnglesB. So was it with EnglesC. So was Engles D. So did Engles19. A fish needs water and without water it will die._.A. So does a manB. So will a manC. So it is with a manD. So is it with a man20. So absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals.A. had she been in; doB. she was in; makeC. was she in; takeD. she had been in ; have21. So loudly _ that every one of the class could hear him.A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke22. _ his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. Strange so was B. So strange wasC. Was so strangeD. So was strange23. Not once _ their plan.A. did they changeB. they changedC. changed theyD. they did change24. Never _ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.A. are seeingB. had I seenC. I have seenD. have I seen25. Seldom _ TV during the day.A. they watchB. are they watchingC. have they watchedD. do they watch26. Nowhere _ as in my garden.A. the flowers were so beautifulB. were the flowers so beautifulC. so beautiful were the flowersD. so beautiful the flowers were27. Hardly _ his homework when he went out.A. finished he B. he had finishedC. did he finish D. had he finished28. Scarcely _ finished their homework _ I came into the classroom.A. had they; thanB. they had; whenC. had they; whenD. did they; when29. Not only _ a promise, but also he kept it.A. has he madeB. does he makeC. he madeD. did he make30. Not until his comrades criticized him _ to admit his mistake.A. had he begunB. began heC. did he beginD. does he beginPart II1. _can you expect to get a pay rise. a.with hard work b. although work hard c. only with hard work d. now that he works hard 2. _, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. a.however late is he b. however he is late c. however is he late d. however late he is 3. not until all the fish died in the river, _ how serious the pollution was. a.did the villagers realize b. the villagers realized c. the villagers did realize d. didnt the villagers realize 4. not until i began to work _ how much time i had wasted. a.didnt realize b. did i realize c. i didnt realize d. i realized 5.do you know jim quarrel with his brother? i dont know, _. a.nor dont i care b. nor do i care c. i dont care neither d. i dont care also 6. only by practicing a few hours every day _ be able to waste much time. a.you can b. can you c. you will d. will you 7. not until the early years of the19th century _ what heat is. a.man did know b. man knew c. didnt man know d. did man know 8. _got into the room, _ the telephone rang. a.he hardly; then b. hardly had he; when c. he had not; than d. not had he; when 9. _ snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. a. not only they brought b. not only did they bring c. not only brought they d. not only they did bring 10.i dont think i can walk any further. _, lets stop here for a rest. a.neither can i b. neither do i c. i didnt think so d. i think so 11. only in this way _ do it well. a.must we b. we could c. can we d. we can 12. hardly _ when it began to rain. a.had he arrived b. arrived he c. he had arrived d. did he arrive 13. jack is a student and studies at the no. 2 middle school. _. a. it was the same with mike b.so it is with mike c. so is mike d. so does mike 14. _, i would have given you his address. a. if you asked me b. you had asked me c. should you have asked me d.had you asked me 15. _ that they had made an important discovery in science. a.little they realized b. they had realized little c.little did they realize d. little had they realized 16. _ that i couldnt be absorbed in the work. a. they made such talked b. so loudly they talked c. it was noise outside d. such a loud noise did they make 17. many a time _ me good advice. a. he gave b. does he give c. he has given d. has he given 18. _ have i seen a better performance. a. everywhere b. nowhere else c. everywhere else d. nowhere 19. not a single word _ at the beginning. a. did he say b. has he said c. he said d. he has said 20. only in an hour ago _ out why he was absent. a. did the teacher found b. the teacher foundc. did the teacher find d. had the teacher found 答案15 CABBA 610 BBBDA 1115 BCCBA 1620 BAACC 2125 ABADD 2630 BDCDC1倒装句，答案为c。 2状语从句的语序应是正常语序，故a、c排除，连词however后必须紧跟形容词或副词，d是正确答案。 3not until引导状语从句位于句首时，主句要倒装，答案为a 。 4本题考查以否定词开头并修饰状语时的主谓语序，这时原状语可以是副词或介词短语，还可以是从句，而主谓的语序为部分倒装，答案为b。 5本题考查neither 或nor连接句子时语序的倒装，答案为b。 6答案为d。 7答案为d。 8hardly.when和no sooner .than是两个固定句型，前半部分置于句首，其后分句要倒装，答案为b 。 9答案为b 。 10答案为b。 11only引导的介词短语或从句位于句首修饰状语时，句子谓语要部分倒装，答案为c。 12部分倒装，答案为a。 13答案为b。 14答案为d。 15副词little位于句首时，句子要倒装，答案为c。 16答案为d。 17many修饰名词并位于句首时，句子要倒装，答案为d。 18答案为d。 19答案为a。 20only修饰介词短语时，并位于句首时,句子要倒装，答案为c。 21答案为b。 22答案为d。 23虚拟语气的倒装形式，答案为c。 24答案为c。 25答案为d。 26there放于句首，主语是代词时，主语和谓语的位置不变，仍保留陈述句式，答案为b。 27答案为a。 28答案为c。 29only修饰句子的状语，位于句首，要高中英语主谓一致一）主谓一致的种类1语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。3就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用1名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street. My uncles is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the bakers, the barbers, the carpenters, the Zhangs等。表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell. 5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 7）如果主语有more than one或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.2由连接词连接的名词作主语1）用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.）以or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3代词作主语1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown. 2）such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is our plan. Such are his words. 3）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 4）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式，例如：Now all has been changed. All are present. either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：Do(es) any of you know his address ?None of them has(have)seen the film.4分数、量词作主语1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是，“the number of +名词”的中心词却是number, 试比较：A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。5名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier6从句作主语1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.1.Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 2.All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C .has been D. were 3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 4.A library with five thousnd books _ to the nation as a gift