英语等级考试之阅读理解、写作.doc

阅读理解之15选10（三级、四六级题型）阅读技巧1：词性法。A survey of English schoolchildren shows boys and girls are worrying about the way they look. The found that over half of male schoolchildren lacked confidence because of their body . The figure for girls was slightly , at 59 percent. Researchers questioned 693 teachers about how their students about their bodies. All the children had taken lessons on body image and self-esteem. A) about B) attractive C) blame D) complete E) discover F) fat G) felt H) for I) higher J) lazy K) questions L) reasons M) shape N) study O) upset阅读技巧2：词汇法（词汇搭配）推荐几种单词记忆的方法：1. 背A级、三四六级大纲词汇；2. 通过阅读文章，积累热点单词；3. 将记单词和兴趣爱好结合起来。 Around 55 percent of teachers reported that girls were ultra-sensitive to comments their looks.A) about B) attractive C) blame D) complete E) discover F) fat G) felt H) for I) higher J) lazy K) questions L) reasons M) shape N) study O) upset阅读技巧3：上下文联系。 Teachers said many children were very if others said bad things about their appearance. Teachers gave a number of why children as young as four years old are stressing out about their shape. Over 90 per cent of teachers the Internet and television. Children see images of perfect bodies every day and they feel they have to look that way too. A) about B) attractive C) blame D) complete E) discover F) fat G) felt H) for I) higher J) lazy K) questions L) reasons M) shape N) study O) upset阅读理解之4选1（三级、A级、四六级）解题技巧技巧1：单词but在阅读理解中的用法例句1 This fundamental need for attention, and doing whatever it takes to get it, doesnt disappear when we turn into adults. Sure, there are people who are “real attention seekers” in a loud and extravert way, and there are the shy, retiring types who dont want attention in such a “sociable” way. But everybody still wants to be recognized and seen as worthwhile.例句2 It is unclear what is behind the phenomenon but it may be that beauty creates confidence. The self-confident may appear to be doing better than they are and will not hesitate about asking for a pay rise.Q：Good-looking people are usually paid more probably because .A. They look smarter B. they have higher degrees C. they are better at pleasing others D. they are more confident技巧2：注重细节例句1 British actress and writer Meera Syal grew up in a small mining village with few distractions.Q：which of the following best describes the village where Meera Syal grew up？B. Modern and open B. Tiny and unexciting C. poor and underdevelopment D. Remote and violent例句2 It is a blow for the Ugly Bettys and Plain Janes research shows that good looks lead to better pay. A study of 4,000 young men and women found that beauty boosted pay checks more than intelligence. Those judged to be the more attractive earned up to 10 percent more than their less attractive friends and colleagues. Applied to the average salary of 25,000 a year, the “ plainness penalty(处罚)”would make a difference of 2,500 a year or around 50 a week.Q1：whats the average salary of a good-looking person？A. 2,500 B. 2,5000 C. 22,500 D. 27,500Q2：whats the“plainness penalty”？A. To be paid less for being ordinarily-looking B. To be laughed at for being ordinarily-looking C. To be fired for being ordinarily-looking D. To be questioned for being ordinarily-looking技巧3：同义转化（同义词、同一概念不同表述等）Boredom can be a good thing for children，according to Dr Teresa Belton，researcher at the University of East Anglias School of education and Lifelong Learning. After interviewing authors，artists and scientists in Britain，she has reached the conclusion that cultural expectations that children should be constantly active could block the development of their imagination.Q：Dr Teresa Belton did her research by ？A. Studying cultural differences B. interviewing professionals C. keeping a diary D. observing the surroundings具体真题例句阅读理解Karen Christiansen in Madison,Wisconsin,is licking stamps and addressing envelopes.Soon,she and her fiance will be sending out invitations for their June wedding.Meanwhile,on the other side of the world,Wei Yashung is at the hairdressers in Shanghai,China.She knows she will have a long wait. Its May 18th,the most popular day to get married in China.The room is filled with brides preparing for their special day. “Everyone feels very emotional at this time.There are a lot of rituals and superstitions （迷信）at weddings,”says Maxine Rowe,an anthropologist. Karens aunt and sisters help her check off the things she needs according to old customs. They read the traditional poem, “Something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue.” Female friends and relatives gather around and contribute grandmothers locket（纪念品）, a cousins wedding veil ,or a blue garter to prepare for the ceremony. Many wedding traditions in western cultures were designed to protect the couple from bad luck. “The wedding veil is a Greek custom,to hide the bride from evil spirits,”says Maxine. “The Romans developed the custom of bridesmaids(i.e. women dressed like the bride) to confuse the spirits.Also,some wedding flowers have a strong smell to scare away the evil spirits.”In China, thousands of couples choose May 18 for their wedding day. “In the past, people consulted an almanac（历书）to find lucky days,” explains Maxine. “But in modern times a new tradition is being formed.” May 18 sounds very close in Chinese to “wo yao fa,” or “I will get rich.” It is considered a good omen to get married on this day.Some people dont think it is a good idea for everyone to get married on the same day. “Its silly and superstitious,”a newspaper reporter wrote. But hairdressers,and owners of flower stores,restaurants and car services say its the best day of the year. They can raise their prices for this one day and their services will still be fully booked. Maybe they are the ones who should be saying, “I will get rich.”1. The overall structure of this passage can be called _ A. comparison and contrast B. description of events in order of time C. details leading to conclusion D. generalization followed by details2. An anthropologist in Paragraph 2 probably studies _ ? （细节题、同义词转化化）A. hairstyle B. jewels C. almanacs D. customs 3. Why do Karens friends and relatives contribute a cousins wedding veil ?A. It is something old. B. It is something new. C. It is something borrowed. D. It is something blue.4. What is the writers tone in the last sentence “Maybe they are the ones who should be saying, “I will get rich.”? A. Humorous B. Tolerant C. Matter-of-fact D. Furious 15选10/选词填空（四六级、三级）A good deal of fascinating research has been done about the reading patterns of young people, and it is surprising to discover at what an early age children start expressing preferences for particular kind of books. A recent report, which 1 in detail the reading habits of primary-school children, showed that even seven-year-old boys and girls have 2 views about what they want to read. Girls, in general, read more, and 3 more girls than boys preferred reading stories. Boys were showing a 4 for the more instant appeal of picture stories, or else books about their hobbiesThese tastes continue 5 until the children are teenagers. Apparently girls read more in general, but more fiction in particular. You could say that there are more 6 for girls to read fiction: magazines 7 the fiction habit in girls in their early teens, and by their late teens they have probably moved on to the adult womens magazines. Teenage boys 8 to buy magazines about their hobbies：motorcycles, heavy transport and to onAdult reading tastes are also the 9 of researchAgain the number of women who read for pleasure is 10 higher than the number of men. It seems that the majority of women still want love stories. There has also been some analysis of what men actually read Apparently only 38 percent of men read anything，but 50 percent of what they read is fiction in the form of action-packed(内容丰富有趣的)stories of space or gunmen.A) cautiously B) examined C) discovered D) considerably E) unchanged F) far G) taste H) claim I) tend J) clear K) encourage L) circumstances M) subject N) opportunities O) equivalent 完形填空（三级、四六级）I collected my two years old grandson Max from kindergarten to take him to hospital to visit his mother and new baby brother. _1_ bucking him into his car seat, I shut the rear door and went round to the driver s door to collect the _2_ , only to find that it was locked. _3_ I realized that the central locking meant there was no way I could _4_ the car.The temperature was 40 and my mobile phone was locked in the car _5_ I couldnt call for help. Panicked, I looked around for some help and saw a young man standing by his large truck. Seeing my agitating, he came over and _6_ to try to open the door. He was _7_ in his attempts but failed. My hero went back to his truck and used his phone to call for help._8_ my growing anxiety, I forced myself to talk _9_ to Max, explaining the situation. He was so good, _10_ with toys, but he was getting distressed. Sweat rolled down his face, arm and legs, but he was calm and _11_ . I told him that someone was coming to _12_ him.Eventually automobile association officers _13_ and began to work on the two front doors. _14_ was having any success.Anxiety levels _15_ . The officers then worked together on the driver s door, pushing it open, _16_ then released the other doors. I lift Max _17_ the car. It was only when the officer poured bottles of water over the two of us to cool him down that he began to _18_ .I thanked the young man for his kindness but he refused _19_ to tell me his name. I hoped he knew how much his kindness and _20_ meant to me that day.1.A.When B.After C.Since D.Because2.A.keys B.gifts C.materials D.bags3.A.Gradually B.Consequently C.Immediately D.Probably4.A.hold onto B.get into C.peek into D.turn on5.A.but B.for C.so D.or6.A.asked B.demanded C.decided D.offered7.A.tireless B.painful C.rude D.violent8.A.For B.To C.Despite D.On9.A.formally B.calming C.desperately D.nervously10.A.playing B.dealing C.fighting D.helping11.A.thinking B.trusting C.angry D.flexible12.A.scold B.answer C.observe D.rescue13.A.broke in B.moved in C.stood up D.turned up14.A.Neither B.It C.Either D.decline15.A.improved B.dropped C.rose D.declined16.A.when B.which C.where D.who17.A.of B.to C.upon D. from18 A.cry B.run C.doubt D.shake18.A.thus B.yet C.even D.still19.A.support B.problem C.promise D.ability写作A级（应用文）：写信、邀请函、通知、电子邮件、应聘函、招聘广告、海报等等应试技巧：考前把历年真题作文范文通读几遍，了解写法，积累不同表达。这里以书信类为例，具体讲解书信类作文写作注意事项：书信类1、 书信类作文类型投诉信、建议信、道歉信、感谢信、辞职信、邀请信、推荐信、求职信、祝贺信、告示等2、 书信写作总体概括（1） 首段写作1、 问候收信人（Dear Sir/Dear Madam）2、 解释写信原因（例：邀请信：I am writing to request your attendance to a dinner party that is to be hold in Hangzhou on May.）（2） 中间段写作（3） 结尾段写作Eg. I would appreciate your assistance in this matter. If you have any question, please dont hesitate to contact me. I could be reached at. Look forward to your reply.（4） 署名在文章右下角署名，格式为：Yours Sincerely 3、 建议信（就某一问题提出建议和忠告。有可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务质量提出建议；也有可能是写给个人，就其人生中的某个重要决定提出自己的看法或建议。）开头可能会用到的句式表达：（1） I am writing to express my views/suggestions on/about/concerning(关于)+某个问题或话题（2） You have asked me for some advice with regard to(关于)+某个问题或话题, and id like to give my advice on how to do.结尾可能会用到的句式表达：（1） I hope the above can be of some help to you in your decision. If you still have something unclear, please dont hesitate to write to me.(我希望上述的建议对你的问题有所帮助，如果你仍有疑惑，请随时给我写信。）（2） I hope you will find the above suggestions helpful or inspiring.(我希望以上建议对你有所帮助或有所启发。)4、 投诉信（说明投诉问题描述具体情况期待解决方案）开头可能会用到的句式表达：（1） I am writing to make a complaint about)+某个问题或某件事情（2） I am writing to express my dissatisfaction/ disappointment about+某个问题或某件事情结尾可能会用到的句式表达：（1） I will appreciate it very much if you could.（如果你能够.，我会不胜感激的。）（2） I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention.（如果我的问题能够得到足够的关注，我会感激不尽的。）（3） I would be grateful if you could.5、 告示（告示其实是书信的变体，书信的写作对象是一个人，而告示的对象则是特定的一个人群或者是公众。告示的种类包括通知、海报、寻物启事等等，告示的写作方式和书信的写作方式是一样的。）注意：（1）告示要写标题，如Notice/Announcement（2）告示主要说明或者传达某件事、某项活动等。如果是关于活动的通知，则需要说明活动的内容、时间、地点、参与人员范围或参加人员的条件以及其他必要细节。告示结尾需要协商贴出告示的单位或个人。（3） 告示写作要点：要写清楚重要信息，如时间、地点简单描述该活动的内容或背景结尾一定要记得署名作文话题：（1） 手机直播（Mobile Live Video Broadcasting）（2） 志愿者活动（Volunteering）（3） 噪音污染（Noise Pollution）（4） 素质教育（Quality Education）/远程教育（Remote Education）/终身教育（Lifelong Education）（5） 抑郁（How to Solve Depression）/如何应对负面情绪 （How to Deal With Negative Emotion）（6） 学术不端（Academic Misconduct）（7） 能源问题（How to Solve the Energy Problem）（8） 大学生就业难（On the Toughness for Graduates to Find a Job）/自主创业 （Self-employment）（9） 支付宝无处不在 （Alipay Is Everywhere）（10） 移动支付（Mobile Payment）（11） 微信红包（Wechat Red Packet）（12） 不要让微博控制你的生活（Dont Let Weibo Control Your Life）（人们越来越离不开手机，沉迷于微信、微博等社交app） （13） 手机如何改变我们的生活（How Does Cellphone Change Our Life）（14） 城市生活与乡村生活（City Life & Country Life）/农村生活模式要保留吗？（Should the Country Life Style be Remained?） （15） 什么让生活变得快乐？（What Makes Life Happy?）（16） 阅读经典的重要性 （The Importance of Reading Classics）（朗读者、中国诗词大会等央视节目的火热）/古诗词的回归 （The Return of Chinese Ancient Poetry）（17） 正面的偶像 （The Positive Idol）（明星吸毒问题）（18） 大学应该学什么 （What Should We Learn In College）（19） 二胎政策（My Views on the Two-Child Policy）/养育一个孩子的付出（The Cost of Raising a Kid）【大家注意类似表达，2018年真题作文关于人口老化问题，其实已经与二胎政策相关】 三、四六级（议论文）常用写作句式1. So + 形容词+ be + 名词+ that + 句子（主+谓+.）（如此.以致于.）例句: So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.2. Adj + as +主语+ be, 主语 + 谓语+其他成分（虽然/尽管.， 但是.）例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不3. The + 形容词比较级+ 主语 + 谓语，the + 形容词比较级+ 主语 + 谓语.The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more + Adj + S + V（越.越.）例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.The more books we read, the more learned we become.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.4. By +V-ing, 主语+can +do （借着/通过.，.能够.）例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.5. 主语+enable + 宾语+ to + do （.使.能够.）例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.6. On no account can we