2014年贵州大学自学考试衔接课程《英语(二)》复习资料及答案.doc

2014年贵州大学自学考试衔接课程英语（二）复习资料及答案Vocabulary and Structure 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。1We feel it a pity that he didnt live up to _had been expected of him. Awhich Ball what Cwhat DThat 2A major-party nominee has the critical advantage in the campaign for the presidential election _ he has the support from the party-faithful. Ain that Bin which Cfor which Dfor that 3Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, _it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist. Awere Bwas Cbeing Dbe4I have no idea whats standing _ accomplishing our goals and objectives. Ain the way of Bon the way to Cby way of Din ones way of 5He will not make a _ on LaSanes side of the conversation. Astatement Breference Ccomment Dnote6Never before _ so rapidly developing as it is today.Ahas our country been Bour country has been Chas been our country Dour country hasnt been 7In some big cities in America, there are three or four elementary schools and secondary schools, _. Awith each within ones walking or cycling distance Beach within ones walking or cycling distance Cit is within ones walking or cycling distance Dwith each that is within ones walking or cycling distance 8Basically, Such attitudes amount to a recognition _ leisure is an important area of life and a belief leisure can and should be put to good use.Awhich.that B that.which Cwhich.which Dthat.that9This kind of cell phone is_available in any telecommunications shop.Acostly Blikely Creadily Deffectively10_the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year.A In line with BIn terms of CIn contrast with DIn accordance with11. By the end of next year the bridge _ .A.is to complete B.has been completedC.will be completed D.will have been completed12. The traffic was held up for more than thirty minutes，_ caused me to arrive late.A. itB. thatC. whatD. which13. There are many sales this season，during which stores will lower their _ prices.A. normalB. generalC. ordinaryD. usual14. The farming methods have been _ improved with the invention of the new machine.A. efficiently B. proficientlyC. professionallyD. intentionally15. If the operation _ carefully prepared， it would not have been successful.A. was not B. has not beenC. had not beenD. were noCloze Test AEye contact is important, because too little or too much eye contact may cause communication problems. It is important in relationships because it helps to show closeness, attention and influence. 1 with facial expressions, there are no specific rules 2 eye behavior 3 that it is considered rude to stare, especially 4 strangers. It is, 5 , common for two strangers to walk toward each other, 6 eye contact, smile and perhaps even say “Hi!”The strangers may immediately look 7 and forget that they even had any contact. This type of glance does not mean much; it is simply a way of acknowledging another persons 8 . In a conversation too little eye contact may be seen negatively because it 9 lack of interest, inattention and even mistrust. The relationship between mistrust and lack of eye contact is shown directly in the expression, “Never trust a person who cant look you 10 the eye.”1ALike BAs CLikely DTogether 2Agoverning Bgovern Cgoverned Dbeing governed 3Abesides Bbeside Cexcept Dexcept for 4Afor Bat Cto Din5Amoreover Bfurthermore Cbut Dhowever6Amake Bto make Cmaking Dmade7Adown Bup Caway Dout8Aabsent Bpresent Cabsence Dpresence9Aconveys Bconceals Cconducts Dconsists10Ato Bin Cat Dout of BOf all the things we eat and drink, water is the most important, Not all people _1_this,but it is quite true. The human body can live without food for a long time, but two 2 three days without water usually 3 death. Many people do not understand how much water the human body 4 ,but many people do not drink enough, 5 in the hot weather. Most people drink when they are 6 but often need more water after exercises.65 to 75 percent of the human 7 is water .Water is important in several different ways. Most people need about five to seven litres of water every day, but we need not drink this 8 because a lot comes from the food we have.If we dont have enough water, however, we will fell tired and 9 become ill. Do you know what the best 10 is ?It is Cold Water! 1.A. revise B. realize C. solve D. specify2.A. to B. and C. or D. of 3.A.result inB. take in C. turn in D. drop in4.A.bears B. approaches C. grinds D. needs5.A.specifically B. simply C. surprisingly D. especially6.A.hungry B. sleepy C. thirsty D. greedy 7.A.chest B. body C. head D. stomach8.A.amount B. number C. quantity D. scale9.A.must B. ought to C. may D. should 10.A.juice B. tea C. coffee D. drinkReading Comprehension Passage OneThe more I see of the Internet, the more enthusiastic I am. Were living through a period of dynamic change. America is ahead just now, with over 50 percent of the population on-line; Britain is next, then Scandinavia and Japan, with the rest of Europe lagging surprisingly behind. But it wont be long before everyone catches up. In the third world especially, the internet will be a revolutionary force that will promote democracy and economic growth. The lightning speech of American decision-making in todays business world is rooted in the technology. In the 1980s, American companies, desperate to compete with Japanese and German companies, shed their bureaucratic(官僚的) aspects and returned to the knife-edge of the market. Companies began to be run much more aggressively in the interests of shareholders, and that powered the adoption of new technology. The pay of CEOs (首席执行官) was tied to stock-market performance and businessmen got rich in a way they never previously imagined.On the knife-edge of the market some are going to bleed. One big invention here is “frictionless selling” for carsbuying on-line rather than through a salesman at a car dealership (汽车专卖行). I just bought my new car this way. I arranged finance and got just what I wantedcolor, interior, engine sizein half an hour. Thats great for me. But there are 25000most family owned car dealerships in the United States, and in the next century most will die. Its a transition that will surely be repeated many times over. Telecom (电信) costs are falling towards zero, and computer costs arent far behind. The growth of the internet in Africa, Asia and the Far East is putting these tools in everyones hands. And Im confident that if people got the chance to connect, they will quickly create wealth and opportunities across seven continents. 1Why does the author feel more enthusiastic when he sees more of the Internet? A. Because America is in a leading position in this field. B. Because he believes that the Internet will change the whole world. C. Because he is one of the businessmen who got rich in IT industry. D. Because the Internet will bring democracy to the Third World. 2. American companies shed their bureaucratic practice because _. A. that was powered by the use of new technologyB. that was the way businessmen got richC. they wanted to tie the salary of their CEOs to stock-market performanceD. the competition with foreign companies was sharp3. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _. A. the adoption of the Internet helped improve the competing power of American companiesB. American companies were once thrown out of the market by Japanese and German companiesC. American companies competed desperately with foreign companies in car industryD. many American businessmen were desperate to get rich4. The author mentions the purchase of his new car and the car dealership to _. A. illustrate the advantage of “frictionless selling”B. predict what change the Internet will bring to American daily lifeC. illustrate one of the hurting effects of the InternetD. compare this new way of selling cars with the traditional one5. The word “transition” in paragraph 3 probably means _. A. failure B. change C. lesson D. competitionPassage TwoLets look at another example of how peoples communication patterns differ: the way people converse. Some foreigners have observed that when Americans carry on a conversation, it seems as if they are having a Ping-Pong game. One person has the ball and then hits it to the other side of the table. The other player hits the ball back and the game continues. If one person doesnt return the ball, then the conversation stops. Each part of the conversation follows this pattern: the greeting and the opening, the discussion of a topic, and the closing and farewell. If either person talks too much, the other may become impatient and feel that he is dominating the conversation. Similarly, if one person doesnt say enough or ask enough questions to keep the conversation going, the conversation stops. Many North Americans, are impatient with culturally different conversation styles simply because the styles are unfamiliar. For example, to many North Americans it seems that some Latin Americans dominate conversations, or hold the ball too long. Speaking of her co-workers from several Latin American countries, one North American woman said, “I just find it difficult to cut in. They seem to take such a long time to express themselves. They give you a lot of unnecessary details.”When she talked with them, she became tense, because she found it so hard to participate. Yet she also noted that when they talked to each other, nobody seemed uncomfortable or left out. The North American woman didnt know how to interrupt the Latin American conversations because North American ways of listening and breaking in are very different. She had been taught to listen politely until the other person finished talking. (Once again, there are gender (性别) differences; it has been observed that men tend to interrupt women more than women interrupt men. )When the North American woman did what was “natural” or “normal”for her (i. e. , listen politely without interrupting), she was not comfortable in the conversation with the Latin Americans. The result was that she became more passive in her conversations with her co-workers. The differences between the unspoken rules of conversation of each cultural group interfered with their on-the-job relationship. 1When North Americans converse together, each one of the group is supposed to_. Aparticipate in the talk Bplay Ping-Pong games Cinterrupt the speaker Ddominate the conversation 2When North Americans converse with the Latin Americans, the North Americans would feel_. Ainvolved Bleft out Ccomfortable Drelaxed3To the North Americans, the Latin Americans are_.Apolite BcommunicativeCdominant Dfamiliar4We can infer from this passage that_. Apeople from different cultures cannot communicate with each other Bdifferent conversational styles may affect peoples relationships Cmen are more talkative than women DNorth Americans conversational habits are better than those of Latin Americans 5The best title for this passage is_.ADifferent Conversation Styles BDifferent Conversation Topics CDifferent Conversation Processes DDifferent Conversation Effects Passage ThreeWhen your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A. , youll have a good start. But now you have to slow down. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. , and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns (报酬递减率) begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long distant truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $ 24, 000, while the full professors managed to earn just $ 23, 030. A Ph. D. (博士) is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. There are more Ph. D. s unemployed or under-employed in this country than in any other part of the world. If you become a Ph. D. in English or history or political science or languages orworst of allin philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or second-rate college that pays much less than what the doorkeeper earns. You can equate (同等看待) the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you. 1Your parents advise you to “get an education” partly because they want you_. Ato gain more knowledge Bto earn more money Cto get a degree Dto free yourself from embarrassment 2From the second paragraph, we can infer that both B. A. and M. B. A. are_. Aprofessions BjobsCcollege degrees Dacademic disciplines 3According to the author, _.Aa high degree helps you greatly in finding a satisfactory job Ba high degree does not necessarily help you to find a satisfactory job Cthe higher degree you get, the more money you can make Dthe higher degree you get, the dimmer future you will face 4The author would advise you to specialize in the fields of _ for a doctors degree. Aphysics or chemistry BEnglish or history Cpolitical science Dphilosophy5Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? AWell-educated professionals sometimes earn less than truck drivers. BIts easier for those who specialize in the fields of physics and chemistry to find a job. CSome Ph. D. graduates work as shop assistants, car drivers, waiters or waitresses, because they cannot find a suitable job. DYour Ph. D. degree will make your country embarrassed. Passage FourYoung girls and women need to be protected from inducements to smoke. Tobacco is a multinational, multi-billion dollar industry. It is also an industry under threat; one quarter of its customers, in the long-term, have been killed by using its product and smoking is declining in many industrialized countries. To maintain profits, tobacco companies need to ensure that at least 2.7 million new smokers, usually young people, start smoking every year. Women have been clearly identified as a key target group for tobacco advertising in both the industrialized and developing worlds. Billions of US dollars each year are spent on promoting this lethal product specifically to women. This strategy has been highlighted by several tobacco journals which have carried articles on targeting the female smokers and suggesting that retailers should “look to the ladies”. Among 20 US magazines that received the most cigarette advertising revenue in 1985, eight were womens magazines. In the same year, a study on the cigarette advertising policies of 53 British womens magazines showed that 64 percent of the magazines accepted cigarette advertising, which represented an average of seven percent of total advertising revenue.Research in industrialized countries has shown the subtle method used to encourage girls to smoke. The impact of such method is likely to be even greater in developing countries, where young people are generally less knowledgeable about smoking hazards and may be more attracted by glamorous, affluent, desirable images of the female smoker. This is why World Health Organization (WHO), together with other national and international health agencies, has repeatedly called for national legislation banning all forms of tobacco promotion, and for an appropriate high price policy which would slow down the “enthusiasm” of young women for tobacco consumption.Young girls and women have a right to be informed about the damage that smoking can do to their health. They also need to acquire skills to resist pressure to start smoking or to give it up. Several countries have developed integrated school health education programs which have successfully reduced girls smoking rates, but this education should not be restricted to what happens in school. There are many other exampl