老托福听力1~2原文及翻译.docx

1Community service【社区服务】 is an important component of education here at our university. 在我们大学这里，社区服务是教育的一个重要组成部分。We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. 我们鼓励所有的学生在他们毕业前至少志愿参加一次社区活动。A new community program called One On One【一对一】 helps elementary students whove fallen behind. 一个新的社区计划，叫做“一对一”，帮助落后的小学生You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teachingthat is, tutoring in math and English. 你们教育专业的可能对此很感兴趣，因为它提供了教学的机会，也就是说，辅导数学和英语Youd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both.你们必须在一学期内每周志愿服务两个小时。你可以选择帮助一个孩子的数学、英语或两个都帮。 Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week.半个小时的课程就好，所以你可以每项做半个小时, 一周做两天。 Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors【家教】-hell be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. 教授会担任家教们的辅导者，他将能够帮你做授课计划或者提供活动的建议He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. 他每周二、四的下午有工作时间。You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. 你可以在他那儿报名参加计划，并且下周开始家教。Im sure youll enjoy this community service and youll gain valuable experience at the same time. 我相信你将会享受这个社区服务，同时你将获得有价值的经验It looks good on your resume【简历】, too, showing that youve had experience with children and that you care about your community. 这个也会在你的履历上看起来很好，显示你有教育孩子方面的经验，同时表明你很关心你的社区。If youd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodges office this week.如果你想报名参加，或者你有任何问题，这周拜访一下Dodge教授的办公室。2I hope youve all finished reading the assigned(指定) chapter on insurance （保险）so that youre prepared for our discussion today. 我希望你们已经完成了关于保险的指定章节的阅读，这样你就为我们今天的讨论做好了准备。But, before we start, Id like to mention（提到） a few things your text doesnt go into. 但是，在我们开始之前，我想要提几件你们课本上没有探究的事情。Its interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time.值得注意的是，保险已经以某种形式存在了很长一段时间了。The earliest insurance policies（政策） were what we are called bottomry（船舶抵押契约）（use boats as mortgage契约） contracts（合同）.最早的保险政策被我们称作压船借款的合同。 They provided shipping protection for merchants（商人） as far back as 3000 B.C.他们早在公元3000年前就为海运商人提供了保护。In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements.一般来说，这些合同也只是口头协议。 They granted（拨款）loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular（特别的） shipment（装运，载运量） of goods was lost at sea, the loan didnt have to be repaid. 他们借款给商人，并带有这样的解释:如果一船特定的货物损失在海上，那么贷款不必偿还。Interest on the loans varied according to how risky（冒着的风险） it was to transport the goods.贷款利息的变化，取决于运送货物的风险程度。During periods of heavy piracy（海上抢劫） at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably（相当大的，该注意的）.当海盗泛滥的时期，举例来说，贷款利息的数量和担保的代价也会变得相当大。So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade.所以你可以看到保险是如何帮助和激励国际贸易的。 Even the most cautious（小心，谨慎） merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances（路程）, not to mention in hazardous（冒险） weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. 当他们能得到这种保护时，尽管是谨慎的商人也变得愿意冒险去长距离运送他们的货物，更不用说在天气恶劣的情况下了。Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages.一般而言，保险的形式从中世纪以来基本是一致的。 There are four points that were salient（显著的，突出的） then and remain（残留） paramount（最高，至上） in all policies today.那是有四点是突出的，并且至今在所有的保险中依然是重要的。These were outli