最好最全面的名词性从句完全版学案.doc

名词性从句 （noun clauses ） 编制：许兴波 使用：高2013级三班 名词性从句 （noun clauses ） 编制：许兴波 使用：高2013级三班名词性从句巩固提升突破学案【热身练习】我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 _ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。 I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。 I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。 This is _ I left my glasses.第一节 【引导名词性从句的连接词突破】一、连接代词：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。I dont believe _ he has achieved so far._ breaks the law should be punished.二、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。_ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.The reason _ he was absent was that he was ill.三、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。I dont care about _ you have money or not.The problem is _ Tom is able to arrive on time._ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet. It looks _ it is going to rain.The truth is _he didnt come for the concert._ the earth is round is true.第二节 【名词性从句的类型突破】一、主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如:1._ he is a famous singer is known to us.2._ he will go to America is not yet fixed.3._ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much. 4._ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.注意：（1） 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下it作形式主语的句型：Its likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that很可能 / 重要的是 / 必要的是 / 很清楚Its said / reported that据说/据报道It seems / appears / happens that显然、明显、碰巧Its been announced / declared that已经通知/宣布Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）/ a common saying（俗话说）that【及时练习】1. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for2. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what3.It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.A. which B. where C. what D. that（2）单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。When and where he was born hasnt been found.When he was born and where he was born havent been found.When and why the person was murdered is still unknown.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.【及时练习】1._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever2._I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.A. Where B. What C. That D. How3.Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident.A. Who B. What C. How D. That4._ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires二、表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如:1.The problem is _ we didnt get in touch with him.2.This is _ Henry solved the problem. 3.His suggestion is _ we (should) finish the work at once.4.It looked _ it was going to rain.5.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied注意：（1）如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.（2） The reason why .is that 的理由是， 的原因是【及时练习】1.The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.2.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because （3）It is because 这是因为【及时练习】1.This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. what2.The question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. when3.The reason why he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. what4.My advice is that he _ school by bike.A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to5._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that6.Energy is _ makes things work.A. what B. everything C. something D. anything三、宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。如:(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：We believe that he is honest. I asked if they had a cheap suit. Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? I really dont know what he is doing.【及时练习】1.I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect. A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is2.- Dont you believe me? - _, I will believe _ you say.A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whatever3.“What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do _ I think I should.” A. when B. that C. how D. what(2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday. Pay attention to what the teacher said.【及时练习】1.I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone2.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that3.It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever(3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”： （1）that 引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。I am sure/certain that hes at home now.我肯定他现在在家。He became angry that you made the same mistake.你犯了同样的错误，他生气了。He remains confident that he will win. 他仍然自信他会赢。She is aware that I cant help her. 她知道我帮不了她的忙。I am glad that youve come. 你来了我很高兴。He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “no”. 我说不，他似乎很吃惊。I am afraid that I cant promise you anything. 恐怕我不能向你保证什么。We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday. 昨天你没能来我们有点失望。I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it.我有点担心她做不成这件事情。Im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.【注意】不能误将”It + be + adj + that” 的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：It is necessary that we should learn English well. (2) 如果宾语从句是由that 引导，and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句, 那么只有第一个that可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.He said ( that ) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.My desk-mate told me (that ) he watched a football match last night, but that it was very discouraging.【注意】如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不可以省略.如：He has made it clear that he will win the game.I find it necessary that we should learn English well.We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.(3) 表示“建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如advise, suggest, order, request, require, demand 等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。(4) 在“主语+ believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。I dont think he will come.I dont think Ill trouble you again.I dont expect that they will get married soon.(5) 宾语从句的时态呼应：1. 如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ .2 .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.3. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。请做如下练习：他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. He told me _ _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _ _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的. The teacher told us _ 【及时练习】1.Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./ C. how D. what2.Tell me_ is on your mind.A. that B. what C. which D. why3.We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. what B. that C. / D. how4.Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio5.Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said四、同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。 一般放在名词 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news, information; hope; thought; promise等之后, 用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用 that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, which等引导(whose和which 不引导同位语从句)【及时练习】1.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A. that B. which C. what D. whether2.We heard the news _ our team had won.A. which B. that C. what D. where3.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A. which B. that C. whether D. if4.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A. which B. that C. whom D. when5.The fact_he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A. that B. which C. when D. what【注意】1. 名词suggestion, advice, order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形, should可省略。 The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A. was put forward B. put forwardC. should look forward D. looked forward The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A went B. would go C. go D. were allowed to go2. 同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.【及时练习】1.The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. that B. what C. which D. whether2.Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is.A. that B. which C. of which D. what3.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what4.Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which3. 如何判断同位语从句和定语从句? 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用, 无具体含义,且不可省略.第三节 【名词性从句的考点归纳】一、名词性从句的语序：1. That + 陈述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.【及时练习】- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break2 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序, 即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。如：I dont know when he will go to Nanjing. / This is what we are looking for.【及时练习】1. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )2. Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )二、 表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形, should可省略。三、 that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：主语从