山西省2020学年高二英语下学期期中试题（含解析）

高二英语下学期期中试题第一部分 听力（共20小题）（略）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题：每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Healthy Habits Survey (调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday? Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day. Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday? Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend. Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a dayoften inviting germs (病菌) to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3. How often do you think about fighting germs? Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should. Step: Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.1. What is found out about American seniors?A. Most of them have good habits.B. Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.C. All of them are fighting germs better than expected.D. About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.2. Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands _.A. twice a dayB. three times a dayC. four times a dayD. eight times a day3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. We should keep from touching our faces.B. There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.C. A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.D. We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。健康习惯调查显示，只有大约三分之一的美国老年人有正确的习惯。文章介绍了一些发现和专家建议。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据“Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，大约三分之一的人每天只刷一次牙。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.”可知，将近30%的人每天洗4次手，只有医生建议的一半，所以医生建议每天要洗8次手。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。“Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge that can carry more germs than anything else?” 注意细菌。你知道吗?不是你的马桶，而是厨房里的海绵，比任何东西都更容易携带细菌。”可知，C项A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.（厨房里的海绵比厕所里的细菌还多。）是不正确的。故选C。BFor their nick-of-time acts, Toby, a 2-year-old dog, and Winnie, a cute cat, were named Dog and Cat of the Year by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.As Amy Paul choked on a piece of apple at her home, her dog jumped up, landing hard on her chest and forcing the piece in her throat out. When the Keeslings family of Indiana was about to be killed by carbon monoxide, their cat clawed at the wife Cathys hair until she woke up and called for help.No one could explain their timely heroics.Both pets were rescued by their owners in infancy. Toby as a 4-week-old thrown into a garbage bin to die, and Winnie as a week-old orphan hiding under a barn, so helpless that Cathys husband, Eric, had to feed her milk with an eyedropper.As the Keesling recalled it, a gas-driven pump being used broke down, spreading carbon monoxide through the house. By the time Winnie went to rescue, the couples 14-year-old son was already unconscious. “Winnie jumped on the bed and was clawing at me, with a kind of angry sound,” Cathy Keesling said. The state police responding to her 91l call said the family was only minutes from death, judging by the amount of poisonous gas in the house.Amy Pauls husband was at his job when she took a midday break from making jewelry and bit into an apple. “Normally I peel them, but I read in Good Housekeeping Magazine that the skin has all the nutrients, so I ate the skin, and thats what caused me to choke,” she recalled. “I couldnt breathe and I was in panic when Toby jumped on me. He never does that, but he did, and saved my life.”Both Toby and Winnie accompanied their owners to the awards luncheon.4. Winnie saved the lives of its owners whole family in an accident by _.A. Jumping onto Its ownerB. calling for helpC. clawing at Cathys hairD. making some strange noises5. Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word “infancy” in Paragraph 4?A. Middle age.B. Youth.C. Babyhood.D. Agedness.6. What caused the carbon monoxide spreading through the house?A. A pump breaking down.B. A driver breaking into the house.C. The burning gas.D. The poisonous gas.7. What would be the suitable title for the passage?A. So Smart Animals AreB. Great Honors for Cat and DogC. Unforgettable ExperiencesD. Dog and Cat Honored for Saving Their Masters【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲的是两只宠物在关键时刻救助主人，从而得到动物保护协会嘉奖的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“When the Keesling family of Indiana was about to be killed by the carbon monoxide, their cat clawed at the wife Cathy s hair until she woke up and called for help.”可知，Winnie是通过抓女主人的头发的方式来弄醒她从而报警才使得一家人获救。故选C项。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第四段第二句“Toby as a 4-week-old thrown into a garbage bin to die, and Winnie as a week-old orphan hiding under a barn.”可推知，Toby和Winnie都是在很小的时候被收养的，故此处“infancy”意为“婴儿时期”。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句“As the Keeslings recalled it, a gas-driven pump being used broke down, spreading carbon monoxide through the house.”可知，导致一氧化碳泄露的原因是燃气管道破裂。故选A项。【7题详解】标题判断题。根据文章第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是两只宠物在关键时刻救助主人，从而得到动物保护协会嘉奖的故事。故选D项。【点睛】做推理判断题时，要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义，尤其是要注意划线词前后的含义。本题第2小题，根据文章第四段第二句“Toby as a 4-week-old thrown into a garbage bin to die, and Winnie as a week-old orphan hiding under a barn.”可推知，Toby和Winnie都是在很小的时候被收养的，故此处“infancy”意为“婴儿时期”。故选C项。CFinland is perhaps the most beautiful and mysterious of the countries of northern Europe. Two-thirds of its surface is covered with thick forests. Relative to its size, Finland has more lakes than any other countries. The northern part of this country is inside the Arctic Circle, where almost no trees can grow because of its cold weather and the people use their deer to transport clothing and food.The Finnish history began in the Middle Ages. In about 1155, Finland was conquered (征服) by its western neighbor Sweden. After a period of rule by Denmark in the 14th century, the Swedes won back independence and power in 1523 under their brave king. During the Napoleonic Wars (18041818), Finland was finally passed from Sweden to Russia. The opportunity came in 1917 when the Russian Revolution brought foreign rule of Finland to the end. Shortly after Soviet Russia made peace with Germany, 1919 saw the founding of the Finnish Republic.The years between the First and Second World Wars were years of progress and growing development. Finland is the fifth largest country in Europe, and despite a relatively small population of 5.2 million, the market potential is much greater. Finland has no coal or oil, and the nations wealth lies in the timber (木材) from its forests, which supplies material for paper and furniture making, and in the electric power from its water. Finland is an excellent gateway to trade with Russia and the Baltic States because of a long history of trading with these markets. Finland has also enjoyed a strong and long-standing trading relationship with Britain, a relationship which was further strengthened by Finlands accession (加入) to the European Union in January 1995.The following are some of the main commercial centres and towns:TownPopulationHelsinki545,474 (1 January 2013)Espoo213,271 (1 January 2013)Tampere195,468 (1 January 2013)Vantaa178,471 (1 January 2013)Turku172,561 (1 January 2013)Oulu120,753 (1 January 2013)8. From the text, we learn that Finland _.A. lies inside the Arctic CircleB. is next to the countries of northern EuropeC. lies east of SwedenD. is entirely covered with forests and lakes9. In the history, Finland was sequentially ruled by _ in order.A. Sweden, Germany, Denmark and RussiaB. Sweden, Denmark, Sweden and RussiaC. Sweden, Denmark, Russia and GermanyD. Sweden, Russia, Denmark and Russia10. Finland had been under the control of _ for as long as 100 years or so.A. RussiaB. DenmarkC. SwedenD. foreign countries11. Which of the following is NOT true about Finland?A. Finland is one of the most northerly countries in the world.B. Helsinki, capital of Finland, is the largest city of the country.C. Finland became one of the members in the European Union in January 1995.D. Finland has more lakes than any other countries in the world.【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍北欧的国家芬兰。芬兰也许是北欧国家中最美丽、最神秘的国家。它三分之二的表面覆盖着茂密的森林。与面积相比，芬兰的湖泊比其他任何国家都多。这个国家的北部位于北极圈内，由于天气寒冷，那里几乎没有树木可以生长，人们用鹿来运输衣物和食物。【8题详解】细节理解题。第二段第二句“its western neighbour Sweden”说明了芬兰位于瑞典东面。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。正文第二段介绍芬兰历史。1155年左右，芬兰由Sweden统治，14世纪时由Denmark统治了一段时间，1523年Sweden独立后继续统治芬兰，拿破仑战争期间（18041818）芬兰由Russia接管，1919年芬兰共和国建立。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。从拿破仑战争期间（18041818）开始俄罗斯统治芬兰，到1917年芬兰结束受外国统治的历史，大约有100的年时间，所以选择A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。D项错在对短文首段第三句“Relative (相对) to its size, Finland has more lakes than any other countries.”一句的断章取义。原句是说相对于芬兰的面积来说，湖的数量多于其他国家。A项需结合地理常识排除，芬兰（事实上有四分之一的面积）位于北极圈，因此处于地球最北端是正确的论断。故选D项。DIt was once thought that air pollution affected only the areas immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is actually worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating “a greenhouse effect”, holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the worlds average temperature. If this view is correct and the worlds temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate (废气排到空中而形成的微粒、颗粒) matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earths temperaturea result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the worlds temperature will stay about the same as it is now.12. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution _.A. caused widespread damage in the countrysideB. affected the entire eastern half of the United StatesC. had damaging effects on healthD. existed merely in urban and industrial areas13. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author _.A. shares the same view with the scientistsB. is uncertain of its occurrenceC. rejects it as being ungroundedD. thinks that it will destroy the world soon14. The underlined word “offset” in Para. 2 could best be replaced by “_”.A. slip intoB. make up forC. set upD. catch up with15. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. lowering the worlds temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disasterB. raising the worlds temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earthC. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decadeD. the worlds temperature will remain constant in the years to come【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。人们曾经认为，空气污染只影响工厂密集、车辆密集的大城市周边地区。虽然这些地区是空气污染最严重的地区，但问题实际上是全球性的。另一种不太被广泛接受的观点是，大气中不断增加的微粒物质阻挡了阳光，降低了地球的温度其结果同样是灾难性的。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段第一句话“It was once thought that air pollution affected only the areas immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic.”可知，正如文章开头所指出的，人们过去认为空气污染只存在于城市和工业区。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。从第一段的最后两句“Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.”可看出作者对二氧化碳会产生温室效应的结论不太确定。故选B项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文的“and the worlds temperature will stay about the same as it is now”世界温度将会像现在一样保持不变，可推知offset意为“补偿”。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题由第二段第一、二句“Another view, less widely held, is that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas.”可看出温度仅仅降低几度就可能会对农业造成灾难。故选A项。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第4小题，由第二段第一、二句“Another view, less widely held, is that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas.”可看出温度仅仅降低几度就可能会对农业造成灾难。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Scientists and educators in the US and China say its important to introduce very young children to new technologies. _16_ They say that with the right approach, children learn not to be frightened of abstract thinking.Even before children learn to read and write, they can manipulate move and control images. _17_Mitchel Resnick is co-developer of a code-learning program called Scratch Jr. He says that is exactly what programming is all about.“Each block tells the character what to do. You snap the blocks together, and youve made a computer program. _18_ This block make the cat go to the right. This one makes the cat jump. By snapping them together I make a computer program that makes it move and then jump.”Parents decide how much time their children can spend using modern technology. But Sandra Calvert, director of the Childrens Digital Media Center at Georgetown University, says its all around us.“_19_ Just as its a worry that there may be too much screen time, there is also a concern that our children will be left behind if they dont know how to use the technologies that are going to shape the 21st century careers, jobs and how we are going to succeed as a nation.” Children between the ages of 4 and 15 use tools and machines at so-called “maker spaces” in Beijing. The maker space basically serves as an open-access workshop. _20_ The young people are part of the so-called “maker movement,” a do-it-yourself community connecting people who like to make things with their hands.A. There, children use tools and machines like 3D printers to create and build projects.B. Each block has a different behavior.C. Computer scientists perform lots of research in computer theory and systems.D. They advise developing skills from computer programming to designing electronic circuits.E. Tablet computers with touch sensitive screens are perfect for lining up simple commands.F. The education and development of our children are extremely important.G. We live in the digital age.【答案】16. D 17. E 18. B 19. G 20. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍的是让小孩子尽早了解新科技，可使孩子们不会对抽象思维感到恐惧。【16题详解】上文介绍的是中美科学家及教育家的观点，下文介绍的是尽早了解新科技带来的好处，该空应是他们提出的建议，所以D项They advise developing skills from computer programming to designing electronic circuits.（他们建议培养从计算机编程到电子电路设计的技能。）切题。故选D。【17题详解】根据上文中的“move and control images”可知，此空应填写的内容与执行命令有关系。E项中的 lining up simple commands符合语境。故选E。【18题详解】根据上下文中的关键词 Each block，blocks及 This block可知，B项Each block has a different behavior.（Each block都有不同的行为）切题。故选B。【19题详解】根据下文中“that there may be too much screen time.”“ 可能有太多的屏幕时间。”可知，G项 We live in the digital age.（我们生活在数码时代）切题。故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“The maker space basically serves as an open-access workshop.”“ 创客空间基本上是一个开放的工作室。”可知，A项There, children use tools and machines like 3D printers to create and build projects.（在那里，孩子们使用3D打印机等工具和机器来创建和构建项目。）切题。A项中的 there为关键词。故选A。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Almost everything was fantastic in the camp except for a girl, Elizabeth. When I saw her sitting alone in the hot sun at lunch, I asked her to eat with us under a _21_ tree. However, Elizabeth refused my kind _22_. When we invited her to play volleyball with us, Elizabeth _23_ our invitation, too. After a few more _24_ refusals like that, I decided to stay away from Elizabeth.It _25_ that we were going on a _26_ and our instructor paired everyone up with a partner. Guess who my partner turned out to be. It was Elizabeth!“What do you like to do _27_?” I asked, trying to make small _28_ as we started out. “I like to _29_ in peace and quiet,” Elizabeth _30_. So we had the quietest and most peac