构词法 (一) 2.doc

学大教育个性化教学教案 Beijing XueDa Century Education Technology Ltd.学科：英语 任课教师：孟雅静 授课时间： 年 月 日姓名年级性别总课时 第 课教学课题名词（一）考点知识归纳难点重点 课堂教学过程课前检查作业完成情况：优 良 中 差 建议_过程Step 1、Checking homework.Step 2、构词法 考点直击 专题4. 构词法高考对构词法的考察并不直接，多在阅读中和完形中考察。新课标对构词法提出了较高的要求，为了适应新课标的要求，全面扩大词汇量，应十分注重构词法的学习。学习构词法不应盲目，而应遵循构词法的规律。事实证明，高考试题中所涉及的构词法均是按规律形成的词。典例精析：1. At times, worrying is a normal, _ response to a difficult event or situation - a loved one being injured in an accident , for example .A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable解析： inevitable = that cannot be avoided ;that is sure to happen 不可避免的；必然发生的；effective 有效的；individual 个人的；unfavorable 不利的，有害的；不赞成的。2. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _ , fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time . A. accidentally B. purposefully C. obviously D. formally解析：根据词意可以知道C为最佳选项。Accidentally 偶然地 purposefully 有目的地 obviously 明显地 formally 正式地一、词的派生 1.在词跟上加前缀构成新词 前缀 示例 a- amaze among amount amuse apart around ashamedbe- because behavior behind below beside belong de- deride declare defeat definite delay demand describedis- 不，相对 相反 dismiss disobey disturb disappointed discovery discouraged disable disagreement en- 使可能 encourage energetic enlargeelect-与电有关的 electrical electronicin,( im-, ir- )不 ，非 impatient impossible independence indirect irregular inter- 相互 international interruption interviewmis-不良，误，不 misfortune misunderstanding mistakenre-重复，再 retell reunite reaction restore return reuseun-非，不 unboiled uncomfortable unrest unload unemploymenttele-远程 telegram telephone television telegraphnon-不，无非 nonsense nonsmoker nonstop non-violentmicro-微 microcomputer microphonetrans-转变，转移， 横越 横过 translate transplant transformover-横过，在.之上 过多 ， 过度 overhead overlook overtake out-在外面的超越， 在上面超过outdoors outline output under-低于，不足undergo underground underwater2. 在词根上加后缀构成新词 后 缀 示例名词-er 者swimmer viewer commander villager-an, -ian 精通.的人，地方的人Amerian European technician musician-ist 专业人员violinist physicist scientist imperialist-ese，地方的人Chinese Japanese-ment 性质，状态government movement development-ness 性质，状态business illness darkness -or 器具，.者cooker professor-tion 动作，过程，结果pollution suggestion形容词-al practical educational national-anAmerican Italian-ernsouthern northern-ful 具有的性质，与有关helpful useful careful-blereasonable horrible terrible-ish foolish English-liveactive native expensive-yrainy sleepy-lesscareless useless动词-ify 使.化simplify electrify-ize 使成为realize apologize副词-ward (s)backwards inwards upwards-ly表示方式、程度freely perfectly-ward (s) 表示方向towards forward 数词-teen 十fifteen thirteen -ty 整十位数twenty thirty-th 序数词eighth hundredth二、词的合成词性合成方法 示 例合成形容词形容词+名词+edwarm-hearted ill-formed good-tempered形容词+现在分词good-looking fine-sounding副词+现在分词hard-working far-reaching 深远的名词+现在分词peace-loving epoch-making 划时代的名词+过去分词horse-drawn 马拉的 sun-burnt 晒黑的合成形容词副词+过去分词newly-built wide-spread形容词+名词large-scale大规模的 long-term名词+形容词duty-fre免税的 radioactive形容词+形容词red-hot 炽热的 dark-blue 深蓝色的数词+名词+edthree-legged 三条腿的 one-sided 片面的数词+名词three-year 三年的 two-party 两党的其他构成方式read-made现成的 happy-go-lucky无忧无虑的三 词的转换 变化方式 示 例动词转化为名词，这类动词变为名词后，常跟have,make, take 等词搭配表示一个动词have a look ; make a study ; take a seat表具体实物的名词可转化为动词 write a book a drop of water book a ticket water the tree表身体某部分的名词可转化为动词 Take a child in ones arms (胳膊) Be armed (武装) to the teeth.表示某类人的名词可转化为动词 The nurse (护士) on duty is nursing (护理) the patient . 名词的练习题一.写出以下单词的复数.I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、判断正误。下例表述正确的，在题后横线上打“”，错误的改正并说明其错误原因。 1、sheeps_ 2、buses_ 3、my classmatess father_ 4、a onion_ 5、some boys_ 6、five goose_ 7、two womans_ 8、the childrens toys_9、a map of China_ 10、a paper_ 11、three bottle of water_ 12、two babys_ 13、peachs_ 14、potatoes_ 15、foxs_ 16、some leafs_ 17、photoes_ 18、dogs_ 19、the classrooms wall_ 20、mouses_ 二、写出下例名词的复数形式 1、monkey _ 2、boy _ 3、duck _ 4、house_ 5、bus _ 6、lady_ 7、sheep _ 8、deer _ 9、child_ 10、foot _ 11、tomato_ 1 2、ox _ 13、desk_ 14、window _ 15、pencil_ 16、dish _ 17、film _ 18、day _ 19、plane _ 20、month _ 21、inch _ 22、village _ 23、city _ 24、family_ 25、knife _ 26、people