Lecture 4 The Literature of Romanticism (2).doc

作者：曾兆令 美国文学简史 Lecture 4 第 4 页2020-4-9Lecture 4 The Literature of Romanticism (2)Edgar Allan Poe To Helen致海伦The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍屋的倒塌Edgar Allen Poe1809-1849 (He lived a short and tragic life.)a poet, a short story writer, a critic (insight)Father of Detective Fiction1. Life (1809 1849)(He lived a short and tragic life.)(1) His childhood was a miserable one. He lost both of his parents when he was very young and then he was adopted by a wealthy merchant, John Allan. Poes relation with the Allans was unhappy.(2) He entered University of Virginia and then West Point but did not finish.(3) He worked as editor and writer most of his life and he was always poor.(4) At 27 he married his thirteen-year-old cousin, whose death in 1847 left him inconsolable.2. Works1) poems (1) “The Raven” 乌鸦(2) “Annable Lee” 安娜贝尔李(3) “The Sleeper” 睡梦人(4) “A Dream Within a Dream” 梦中梦(5) “SonnetTo Science” 十四行诗致科学(6) “To Helen” 致海伦(7) “The City in the Sea” 海中的城市earlier entitled The Doomed City 衰败的城市2) short stories ratiocinative stories(1) Ms Found in a Bottle在瓶子里发现的手稿(2) “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” 莫格街谋杀案 (3) “The Gold Bug”金甲虫 (4) “The Purloined Letter”被窃的信件(5)“The Mystery of Marie Roget” 玛丽罗杰谜案Revenge, death and rebirth(1) The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍屋的倒塌 (2) Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集(3) “The Black Cat” 黑猫 (4) “The Cask of Amontillado”（红色死亡假面舞会） (5) “Ligeia”莉盖亚 (6) “The Masque of the Red Death” 红死病的假面 (3) Literary theorya) The Philosophy of Composition 创作原理b)The Poetic Principle诗歌原则c) Review of Hawthornes Twice-told Tales评霍桑的Poes theory for poetry:1)The poem should be short, readable at one sitting (or as long as The Raven). 2)He stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty, and declares that music is the perfection of the soul, or idea, of poetry. Style traditional, but not easy to readReputation: “the jingle man” (Emerson)“The Raven” (1845), one of Poes most famous poems, tells the tale of a poet lost in memories of his dead love, Lenore. In “the raven” (1845), the speaker is overcome by the raven as a symbol of death, to the point where his own sanity is in question. A raven startles the poet and repeatedly answers his tormented questions about Lenore with the word, “Nevermore.” Recited here by an actor, the opening lines of “The Raven” set a gloomy tone for the poem characteristic of Poes style.“Annabel lee” (1849) laments the early death of the speakers beautiful young wife. 这首诗是爱伦坡的为了纪念他的亡妻弗吉尼亚.克莱姆Virginia Clemm，作者在诗里也理想化了他的妻子，这首诗被认为是爱伦坡抒情诗的巅峰之作。我国清末的著名文人辜鸿铭认为，除了这首安娜贝尔.李以外，美国便没有什么诗了。虽然观点有点偏颇，但可见Annabel Lee的魅力了。To Helen致 海 伦This poem is believed to have been written when the poet was only fourteen, inspired, as Poe admitted by the beauty of Mrs. Jane Sitlth Stanard, the young mother of a school fellow who was “the first purely ideal love of my soul.” In this poem, the personal element of the young poet was almost completely sublimated in the idealization of the tradition of supernal beauty in art. The lady died in 1824, but she appeared in this poetic work in the figure of Helen, the well-known ancient beauty, with all the adoration of poet to her.HELEN, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore,That gently, oer a perfumed sea, The weary, wayworn wanderer bore To his own native shore. 5海伦，对于我，你的美正像古时奈西亚帆船，载着疲惫的旅人悠悠飘过芳香的海域，驶向他故乡的海岸。On desperate seas long wont to roam, Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face.Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece,And the grandeur that was Rome. 10在长久习于汹涌的海面， 你那卷发及典雅的脸，你海仙女的风姿使我熟记古希腊的荣耀、古罗马的庄严。Lo! in yon brilliant window niche, How statue-like I see thee stand, The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyehe, from the regions which Are Holy Land! 15瞧！我见你玉立婷婷，在光彩的壁龛里，如玉雕神女，手里还握着玛瑙油灯！呵，你是赛琪，来自天国的圣地。（李正栓 译）Poes Short StoriesFeaturesa. Gothic elementsb. deep analysis of human psychology (He noticed subconscious of human mind nearly one hundred year before Freud. ) (He was also the first American