七年级英语知识点.doc

七年级上册英语语法总汇一动词be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。二this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如：Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的，我是，你是谁？注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am, Are you？/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？Yes, it is. 是的，它是。Whats that? 那是什么？Its a kite. 是只风筝。 三these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。 四不定冠词a和ana和an都是不定冠词，表示一(个，支，本，块)的意思，但不强调数量概念，而是强调类别，用来限定名词。a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前，如：a pencil(一支铅笔)，a book(一本书)；an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语，用a还是用an，则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如：a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟 a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果 an apple 一个苹果五名词s所有格 名词s所有格 单数名词后直接加 “ s ”Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈 以s结尾的复数名词，只加“”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书 不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ s ”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋 表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加s表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子） 六There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。”其基本结构为“There be某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如：There is a tree behind the house.There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.There are some pears in the box.(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：There is a book and some pens on the floor.There are some pens and a book on the floor. 七like一词的用法like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。 八一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征、状态。当主语是非第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语行为动词原形其他 We speak Chinese. 否定句 主语dont行为动词原形其他 We dont speak Chinese. 一般疑问句 Do主语行为动词原形其他？ Do you speak Chinese? 肯定回答否定回答 Yes，主语doNo，主语dont Yes, we do.No, we dont. 当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下：(1)肯定句在行为动词原形后s/es(其构成方法与名词单数变复数相同)。(2)否定句用助动词doesnt动词原形。(3)一般疑问句则是把助动词does放在句首，后面动词用原形，回答时，肯定用“Yes，主语does.”；否定用“No，主语doesnt.”。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语行为动词s/es其他 She speaks Chinese. 否定句 主语doesnt行为动词原形其他 She doesnt speak Chinese. 一般疑问句 Does主语行为动词原形其他？ Does she speak Chinese? 肯定回答否定回答 Yes，主语doesNo，主语doesnt Yes, she does.No, she doesnt. 九句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即Iwe, youyou，she,he,it they。如：She is a girl. They are girls.(2)am，is要变为are。如：Im a student. We are students.(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. They are apples.(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This is a box. These are boxes. 十英语日期的表示法英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。 She was born in 1989 She was born in August. She was born in August 1989.She was born on 2nd August, 1989.十一.名词复数：在英语里面，名词分可数名词（countable noun）和不可数名词（uncountable noun），不可数名词没有单复数之分，用时只当单数词用；可数名词有单复数之分，一个的前面要用a或an，eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card，而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化，情况如下：(1) 特殊词，特殊变化，需单独记：childchildren，manmen，footfeet，womanwomentoothteeth，sheepsheep，deerdeer(2)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”:bookbooks，penpens，carcars，mapmaps，cartooncartoons(3)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词+“es”boxboxes，watchwatches(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es”familyfamilies，comedycomedies(5)以f或fe结尾的词，先去掉f或fe，改成“v”再加esknifeknives，wifewives，handkerchiefhandkerchieves 十二.时间的表达法(1) 直读式，即直接读出时间数字7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen(2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。（以30分为分界线）1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five(3)12小时制6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分(4)24小时制13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分(5)15分可用quarter4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6)时间前通常用at.at 5 oclock at 7:30 p.m. 十三.关于时间的问法(1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？ My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。这里就是指一天的时间段When do you go home? 你几点回家？ I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4：30回家.这里when问的是具体的时间。(2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问What time is it now? 现在几点了？ or Whats the time? 几点了？Its 9:26. 现在九点二十六。What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了？Its 8:36. Oh, Its 50 minutes late 8:36，哦，它慢了50分钟。What time do you get up? 你几点起床？I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。 十四. want用法(1)想干什么用want to do sthThey want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化He wants to play basketball.Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does.Do you want to play soccer ball ? Yes , I do . / No , I dont.Does he want to go home by bus ? Yes , he does . / No , he doesnt 七年级下册英语知识点总汇Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from? 一短语： 1 be from = come from 来自于- 2 live in 居住在- 3 at/on weekends 在周末 on weekdays4 write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 hear from sb.=get a letter from sb.5 in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6pen pal=pen friend 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二重点句式： 1 Wheres your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada- Canadian- English / French 2 France- French-French 3 Japan-Japanese-Japanese 4 Australia-Australian- English 5 the United States- American- English 6 the United Kingdom-British- Enghish Unit 2 Wheres the post office? 一 Asking ways: (问路) 1 Where is (the nearest) ？ （最近的）在哪里？ 2 Can you tell me the way to ？ 你能告诉我去的路吗？ 3 How can I get to ？ 我怎样到达呢？ 4 Is there near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有吗？ 5 Which is the way to ？ 哪条是去的路？ 二Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning/corner. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. Youd better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（Youd better+动词原形） 三词组 1. across from 在的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面 2. next to 紧靠 next to the supermarket 紧靠超市 3. betweenand 在和之间 between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间 among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间 4. in front of 在前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom. 课室前面有棵树。 in the front of 在（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 课室内的前部有张桌子。 5. behind 在后面 behind my house 在我家后面 6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐 on the left/right of 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边 on ones left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边 7. go straight 一直走 8. down /along 沿着（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街 9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近 10 welcome to 欢迎来到 11. take /have a walk 散步 12. the beginning of 的开始,前端 at the beginning of 在的开始,前端 in the beginning 起初，一开始 13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快 我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi 坐出租车 16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家 arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank. reach +地方 17go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路 go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林 18on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street 三重难点解析 1enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事 I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。 到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。 2hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。 hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。 （从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。） 3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。 If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。 If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。 四本单元的反义词、近义词配对 1newold 2 quiet- busy 3 dirty- clean 4 big- small Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一重点词组 eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day during the day 二. 交际用语 1. Why do you like pandas? Because theyre very clever. 2. Why does he like koalas? Because theyre kind of interesting. 3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? Because theyre friendly and clever. 5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass. 6. Shes very shy. 7. He is from Australia. 8He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves. 9He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day. 10Lets see the pandas first. 11Theyre kind of interesting. 12What other animals do you like? 13Why do you want to see the lions? 三. 重点难点释义 1、kind of 有点，稍微 Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。 kind 还有“种类”的意思 如：各种各样的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school. 2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲 China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。 There are many kinds of tigers in China. There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa. 3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的 它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。 The people in Chengdu are very friendly. 4、with prep. 跟，同，和在一起 I usually play chess with my father. 注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时， 如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如： My father and I usually play chess together. Play with “和一起玩耍”“玩” I often play with my pet dog. Dont play with water! 5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。 通常说in the day, during the day, at night。 Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night. 6、leaf n. 叶子 复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wifewives, wolfwolves, knifeknives等。 7、hour n. 小时；点钟 hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。 There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour. 8、be from 来自 be from = come from Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China. 9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修 饰，即：much meat He eats much meat every day. 10、grass n. 草， 为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。 There is much grass on the playground. 四. 语法知识 特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。 特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况： 1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如： Whats your grandfathers telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？ Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？ Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？ When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？ Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？ How are you? 你好吗？ How old are you? 你多大了？ How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？ 2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如： Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日？ Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老师？ 我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。 例如： I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？ What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？ Unit 4 I want to be an actor. 一短语： 1 want to do sth 想要作某事 2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人 3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home. 4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home 5 in the day 在白天 6 at night 在晚上 7 talk with/ to sb 和-谈话 8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher. 9 in a hospital 在医院l 10 work/ study hard 努力工作 11 Evening Newspaper 晚报 二重点句式及注意事项： 1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what； 有三种主要句式 What + is / are + sb? What + does/ do + sb + do? What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job? 2 People give me their money or get their money from me. 3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night. 4 I like talking to people. 5 I work late. Im very busy when people go out to dinners. 6 Where does your sister work? 7 then we have a job for you as a waiter. 8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter. 9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends? 10 We are an international school for children of 5-12. 三 本单元中的名词复数。 1 policeman- policemen 2 woman doctor- women doctors 3 thief-thieves Unit 5 Im watching TV 一现在进行时 现在进行时的用法 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 现在进行时时间状语及标志性词 now 现在 at this time 在这时 at the moment 现在 look 看（后面有明显的“！”） listen 听（后面有明显的“！”） 现在分词的构成 一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: gogoing look-looking 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。Eg: writewriting close-closing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing. Eg: getgetting runrunning ( swim, run, put,get,sit,begin) 现在进行时的构成 肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状. Eg: He is doing his homework now. 否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状. Eg: He is not doing his homework now. 一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+其他+时状？Eg: Is he doing his homework now? 肯定回答：Yes,主语 +am/is/are Eg Yes, he is. 否定回答：No, 主语+am not/isnt/arent Eg: No, he isnt. 二短语： 1do ones homework 做某人的作业 do housework 做家务 2talk on the phone 在电话里交谈，讲电话 talk about 谈论 talk to(with)sb 和某人交谈 3write a letter 写信 write a letter to sb 给某人写信 4play with 和一起玩 5watch TV 看电视 TV show 电视节目 6wait for sb/sth 等待某人/某物 7some of 中的一些 8in the first photo 在第一张照片里（介词用in,序数词前面有the） in the last photo 在最后一张照片里 a photo of ones family 某人的家庭照片 9at the mall 在购物街 at/in the library 在图书室 at/in the pool 在游泳池 10read a book = read books = do some reading看书阅读 11thanks for = thank you for 为某事而感谢（后接动词要用ving） 三 重点句式及注意事项： 1 他正在干什么？ What is he doing? 他正在吃饭。 He is eating dinner. 他正在哪里吃饭？ Where is he eating dinner? 他正在家里吃饭。 He is eating dinner at home. 2 你想什么时候去？ When do you want to go? 让我们六点钟去吧。 Lets go at six oclock. 3 他正在等什么？ What is he waiting for? 他正在等公交车。 He is waiting for a bus. 4 他们正在和谁说话？ Who are they talking with? 他们正在和Miss Wu说话。 They are talking with Miss Wu. 5 你们正在谈论什么？ What are you talking about? 我们正在谈论天气。 We are talking about the weather. 6 他们都正在去上学。 They are all going to school. 7 这儿是一些我的照片。 Here are some of my photos. 这儿是一些肉。 Here is some of meat. (some of meat不可数，故用is) 8 谢谢你帮我买这本书。 Thank you for helping me buy this book. 9 family 家；家庭。强调“整体”，是单数；强调“成员”时，是复数。 His family has a shower. 他们家有一个淋浴。 His family are watching TV. 他全家在看电视。 Unit 6 Its raining! 一短语： 1 take photos/ pictures 照像 2 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth 给某人或某物照相 3 have a good timehave funhave a great tame 玩得愉快 4 work for sb / sth 为某人工作 Eg: Yuan Yuan works for CCTVs Around The World show 5 on vacation 度假 Eg: There are many people here on vacation. 6 some-others- 一些另外一些 onethe others.一个另一个（两者之间） Eg: There are many students in the classroom. Some are writing, others are reading. 7 put on 穿上（动作） wear 穿着（状态） Eg: Tom is putting on his coat now. 8 on the beach 在沙滩上 Eg: Tom and his family are playing on the beach at this moment. 9 this group of people 这一群人 10. in this heat 二重点句型 1How is the weather? 天气怎么样？ In the raining. 在下雨。 2What are you doing? 你正在做什么？ Im watching TV. 我在看电视。 3What are they doing? 他们在做什么？ They are studying. 他们在学习。 4What is he doing? 他在做什么？ He is playing basketball . 他在打篮球。 5What is she doing ? 她在做什么？ She is cooking . 她在做饭。 三重难点解析 1 询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换) How is the weather in Beijing? (How is the weather today?) Whats the weather like in Beijing? ( Whats the weather like today?) 2 回答上面问题的句式： Its + adj. (形容词) Eg: Its windy. 3 Hows it going (with you)? Not bad. Great! Terrible! Pretty good. 4 Thank you for joining CCTVs Around The Word show. 5 I am surprised they can play in this heat. 6 Everyone is having a good time. 7 People are wearing hats and scarfs. wear 指穿衣服的状态。 put on 指穿衣服的动作。 四谈论天气的日常用语 1. Its sunny/rainy/cloudy. 今天是晴天/雨天/阴天。 2. Lovely weather,isnt it? 天气真好，是吗？ 3. It looks like rain. 看起来要下雨。 4. Its raining cats and dogs. 正是瓢泼大雨。 5. It seems to be cleaning up. 天似乎要转晴。 6. Its blowing hard. 风刮得很大。 7. Its snowing heavily. 正在下大雪。 8. The snow wont last long. 雪不会