2012高考英语单项选择汇编(纯word附答案详解).doc

2012高考英语单项选择汇编冠词【2012全国II】7. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /【答案】C 【解析】此句的第一空特指“跳高中的金牌”，故用定冠词the；第二空意为：再得到一次机会，泛指“一次机会”。句意：他在跳高中失去了金牌，但他在跳远中将得到一次机会。【考点】考查冠词的用法。【2012四川卷】18. We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a 【答案】 D 【考点】本题考查冠词。【解析】第一空Information Age前加定冠词the为固定说法；第二空根据句意“据说我们正生活在信息时代，一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。”用不定冠词。故答案选D。【2012江西】21. The Smiths dont usually like staying at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a 【答案】C【2012浙江】2. The development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 【答案】C21. The Smiths dont usually like staying at _ hotel, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _sea.A. /： aB. the； theC. /； the D. the；a【考点】冠词【答案】C【解析】hotels这里表示泛指，用名词复数即可，后一空要注意，是表示“在海边”，by the sea: 在海边(在海岸上)，这里有特指, by sea 则是表示使用海上交通工具：乘船, 由海路【难度】中等2.The development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填, theB. the; aC. a; 不填D. a; a2. 【考点】冠词零冠词和不定冠词【答案】C【解析】第一空process是可数名词，第一次出现一般用不定冠词，且此次表示“一个”的概念；第二空existence是不可数名词，其此处表示抽象概念，故用零冠词。【难度】中等【2012安徽卷】21. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 【答案】A【考点】本题考查冠词，science是不可数名词，用the表示特指是不可能的，后面的factory是一个可数名词，用a 表示泛指。【2012重庆】24. Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. A./,/ B. the,/ C the; the D./, the【答案】D24.Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. A. /,/ B. the,/ C the the D./, the24.【考点】冠词用法辨析【答案】D【解析】句意：Sam被任命为工程部经理取代了George。表示官衔职务的名词作补语和同位语时，前不加冠词。在题干中，“manager”表示职务，作主语补足语，不需要加冠词，而第二个空白处为固定短语“take the place of”，是“代替，取代”之意。因此，正确答案为D选项。【难度】一般 【知识拓展】不使用冠词的情况：在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前；一日三餐、球类棋类等运动的名称前；系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语用零冠词；人名、地名、机构等专有名词前；与by连用表示交通方式的名词前；以and连接的两个相对的名词连用时；名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any 等词作定语；复数名词表示一类人或事物时；在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中等。【2012辽宁卷】21. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an【考点】冠词【答案】C【解析】第一空表示泛指；第二空为固定用法，用定冠词the，故选C项【2012全国新课程】22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a【答案】C【解析】第一空特指“已经画完的画”；第二空考查介词短语with satisfaction意为：满意地，作状语。此处satisfaction为抽象名词，在此短语中不用冠词。句意：Sarah满意地看着那幅已画完的画。【考点】考查冠词用法。【2012山东卷】29. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a 【答案】B【解析】此处考查抽象名词具体化。第一空中的a drink意为：一杯饮料；第二空中的a comfort意为：一件令人安慰的事。句意：在那些艰难的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。【考点】考查冠词的用法。名词【2012山东】24. My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression【答案】D【命题透视】名词词义辨析。考查对词汇意义的理解和运用。【试题解析】句意为：他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而有思想的年轻人。First impression意为“第一印象”。其他选项中，attention是“注意”；expression是“表达；表情”；satisfaction是“满意”，都不符合句意。【2012福建卷】25. 一 Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?一 Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.A. strengthB. talentC. abilityD. skill【考点】本题考查名词辨析【答案】A【解析】根据后半句的进一步解释“So it is my best choice”“这是我最好的选择”可知本空指的的是“英语是我的强项”，strength意为“优势，强项”与weakness是反义词。【举一反三】【2012届牡丹江一中高三上学期期中考试】To play better, all the players have to know their _ and weaknesses.A. techniques B. strengths C. benefits D. values【答案】B strengths and weaknesses“优势和劣势”是固定搭配，直接选择B项。【2012浙江卷】7.Youras a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A. operationB. growthC. performanceD. character【考点】名词【答案】C【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，你的学习（performance）会很棒的如果你能够养成对所学的的东西进行反思的话。operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。【2012湖北卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow【答案】 A【考点】考查名词辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要。A项意为“症状”，符合句意；B项意为“类似”，C项意为“样本”，D项意为“阴影”，都与语意不符。【2012湖北卷】30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa. A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective【答案】 B【考点】考查名词辨析。难度较易。【解析】句意为：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意；A项意为“模式”，C项意为“节目”，D项意为“远景”，都与语意不符。【2012江苏卷】21. Can I help you with it? I appreciate your, but I can manage it myself.A. adviceB. questionC. offer D. idea【考点】名词词义辨析【答案】C【解析】句意为：我可以帮你吗？我感激你的提议 “offer”，但我自己能设法做的。offer意为“提议”，符合题意。A意为“建议，劝告”；B意为“问题”；D意为“想法，主意”。【2012江西卷】29Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .ApurposeBreferenceCprogressDmemory【答案】B【考点】考察词义辨析【解析】你最好写下这个餐馆的号码以便日后参考用。for future reference是一个常用词组搭配，表示“以供日后参考”。【2012四川卷】15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. Its just a matter of _.A. luck B. value C. time D. fact【答案】 C 【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】句意为：他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间的问题。根据句意选C。【2012全国II】19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand【答案】D【解析】此处quantity数量；progress进步； production生产；demand要求。这里be in great demand意为：需求量很大，畅销。句意：哈利波特很受欢迎；在这个城市有很大的需求量。【考点】考查名词词义辨析。【2012天津】3. You are working too hard. Youd better keep a _ between work and relaxation.A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary【答案】C代词【2012全国II】9. Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herself B. this C. that D. it 【答案】D【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：Sarah今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。【2012四川卷】2. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. that B. this C. one D. it 【答案】 D 【考点】本题考查代词。【解析】题干为固定句型：make + it + adj. + to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意为：新兴科技已经使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。【2012江西卷】23My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.AnothingBnoneCno oneDneither【答案】B【考点】不定代词【解析】此处 nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调“每一个”；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。【2012重庆卷】21.-John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London then. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None【答案】B【考点】不定代词用法【解析】根据答语“Ill be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。【2012北京卷】 If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?A. one B. such C. this D. that【答案】A【考点】代词的用法【解析】根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.【2012浙江卷】5.Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to_ of McDonalds.A. thoseB. onesC. anyD. all【答案】A【考点】代词【解析】 those=that ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonalds修饰，符合语境。Ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。【2012江苏卷】23.Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.A. either B. another C. neither D. none【答案】D【考点】代词辨析neither/ none【解析】句意为：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。根据前半句中的“a reply”提示可知，故选D项。【2012陕西卷】13. No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it 【答案】D 【考点】考查代词。【解析】所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。【2012全国新课程】31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. either B. anyC. neither D. none【答案】C【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】根据句意可知，Bill和Peter两个人，所以其否定形式用neither。句意：Larry请求Bill和Peter一起和他去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们要工作。【2012山东卷】21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whatever D. however【答案】A【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】此处whoever是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。形容词和副词【2012湖南】24. Bicycling is good exercise; _, it does not pollute the air. A. neverthelessB. besidesC. otherwiseD. therefore【答案】B【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析。【解析】根据句意：“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式，而且又不会造成大气污染”故选B（besides而且，加之，除此以外）。词汇 副词besides 【2012辽宁卷】22. We used to see each other , but I havent head from him since last year. A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. approximately【考点】副词词义辨析【答案】B【解析】A项意为“尤其；特别”；B项意为“定期地，经常地”；C项意为“特别，尤其”；D项意为“近似地，大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面，但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”。【2012四川卷】7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.A. only B. also C. even D. still 【答案】 D 【考点】本题考查副词用法【解析】根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”选still（仍然，还）。【2012北京卷】28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.A. some B. less C. much D. more【答案】D【考点】形容词考点。比较级，根据句意即刻判断。【2012全国II】13. Next to biology , I like physics _.A. better B. best C. the better D. very well【答案】B【考点】形容词比较等级。修饰动词用副词，“最喜欢”，用best。【2012天津】10. The secretary arranged a(n) _ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.A. important B. spare C. public D. Convenient【答案】D【考点】形容词辨析【2012天津】4. The dog may be a good companion for the old. _, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Instead【答案】B【2012全国新课程】29. This restaurant wasnt that other restaurant we went to. A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as 【答案】A【解析】在asas句型中，倍数放在第一个as的前面，故A正确。句意：这家饭店不及我们去过另一家的一半好。【考点】考查形容词同等比较句型。【2012全国新课程】26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much _.A. the best B. bestC. better D. the better 【答案】D 【解析】此处so much修饰名词，所以用the better的形式。句意：这结果对我们来说不很重要，但如果我们真的赢了，那就太好了。【考点】考查形容词、副词的比较等级的用法。【2012山东卷】33. Be _ you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time. A. reasonableB. confidentC. creative D. grateful 【答案】A【解析】此处confident信心；creative有创造力的；grateful感激的；reasonable有道理的。句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。【考点】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。【2012福建卷】27. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be respected.A. especiallyB. equally C. naturally . D. normally【考点】本题考查副词辨析【答案】B【解析】根据句意：无论是官员还是公共汽车司机，都应该平等的被尊敬，所以选择B项equally“平等地，公平地”；especially“尤其地”；naturally“自然地”；normally“正常地”，只有B项符合题意。【难度】一般 【2012福建卷】32. Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? ks5u Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still _.A. availableB. affordableC. acceptableD. valuable【考点】本题考查形容词辨析【答案】A【解析】根据前半句“我刚刚还给图书馆”和下半句中的still可知这本书或许还可得到的用available，而其它三项 affordable“支付的起的”；acceptable“可接受的”；valuable“贵重的”均与题意不符。【难度】难度强 最近几年的高考试卷对于形容词的词义辨析考查面越来越广了，很多单选题都是从外国网站某篇新闻中节选的句子，同时在完型中考查形容词辨析的越来越多。考生一定要严格区分和细心的比较所给的四个选项，看其搭配、惯用法，尤其看内涵和外延，别忽略语篇大意要结合上下文语境确定词的意义。【2012浙江卷】18.Mike was usually so careful, _this time he made a small mistake.A. yetB. stillC. evenD. thus【考点】副词【答案】A【解析】根据句意：麦克通常很认真的，然而（yet）这次他犯了个小错误。Still仍旧；even甚至；thus因此，均不符合语境，故排除。【2012浙江卷】10.The research lacksevidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.A. solidB. fierceC. severeD. potential【考点】形容词词义辨析【答案】A【解析】根据句意：研究缺乏实证（solid evidence），因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的；severe严重的；potential，有潜力的，均不符合语境，故排除。【2012湖北卷】26. “Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested _ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem. A. tentativelyB. thoughtlesslyC. definitelyD. rudely【答案】 A【考点】考查副词辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：“看来我们要请史密斯先生来看看我们对此如何处理”，父亲对到此讨论此问题的邻居试探性地说。A项“试探性地”，符合语境。B项意为“欠考虑地”，C项意为“明确地”，D项意为“粗鲁地”，都与语境不符。【2012湖北卷】27. Can you tell the _ difference between the words “require” and “request”? I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings. A. dramaticB. regionalC. apparentD. subtle【答案】 D【考点】考查形容词辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：你能区分“require”和“request”的细微差别吗，D项意为“细微的”，符合句意。A项意为“戏剧性的”，B项意为“地域性的”，C项意为“显然的”，都与句意不符。【2012湖北卷】28. Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained _; people are still looking for other possible solutions.A. unchallenged B. relevant C. controversial D. contradictory【答案】 C【考点】考查形容词辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：这些建筑是否要推倒仍然有争议，人们仍然在寻找其它可能的解决方法。C项意为“有争议的”，符合句意；A项意为“不改变的”，B项意为“相关的”，D项意为“矛盾的”，都与语意不符。【2012安徽卷】34.Queen Elizabeth is often to be richest woman in the world. , her personal wealth seems rather small.A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Altogether选择C。前面说她富有，后面说她个人财富相当少。【2012安徽卷】23. Interest is as to learning as the ability to understand , even more so. A. vital B. available C. specific D. Similar 【答案】A【解析】Be vital to 表示：对.极端重要；something be available to somebody表示：某人可以得到某物，列句：cooperative medical service is available to all the members of the the commune. C答案specific 不能与to 搭配；D 答案 similar to 表示：与.相似。本题可以把定于to understand 省掉，也可以把后面的even more so省掉或还原。Interest is as to learning as the ability 这样可以确定B是错误的，D更是错误的。Interest is even more than the ability to understand.很佩服出卷人！原句： Interest is vital to learning 互联网对于学习极端重要。变化之一：Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand 互联网对于学习极端重要，就像理解能力对于学习极端重要一样，互联网甚至比理解能力更加重要。【考点】考查形容词。连词和介词短语【2012福建卷】26.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens.A. in charge ofB. for the purpose of C. in honor ofD. for the benefit of【答案】D【2012福建卷】33. Nothing is so easy asparents raise their expectations of their children too high.A. ofB. to C. by D. for【考点】本题考查介词的用法【答案】D【解析】句意为：没有什么比父母亲过多的提高对孩子的期望值更容易的了。for parents“对于父母亲来说”，不定式是真正的被比较成分。本句的关键是找到关键点，一方面的nothing is soas结构，另一方面就是不定式的成分界定。【难度】中等 【2012浙江卷】14.Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.A. all in allB. for one thingC. on the contrary D. by the way【考点】介词短语词义辨析【答案】C 【解析】根据句意：布朗说他一点儿都不恼火。相反（on the contrary）他很高兴能够被透彻理解。All in all总而言之；for one thing其一；by the way顺便讲一下，均不符合语境，故排除。解题的关键是对词组by no means=never（决不）的理解。【2012浙江卷】6. all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.A. FromB. OfC. ForD. With【考点】介词【答案】B 【解析】 two dogs所属与all animals，故用介词of表示这种关系，如：many of us, 我们其中的许多人，故答案B符合语境。From从；for为了；with有，均不符合语境，故排除。【2012湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place【答案】D【考点】考查介词短语辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与不相称”，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。【2012江苏卷】29. Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, justto avoid the racing car.A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain【考点】介词短语【答案】A【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。句意为：谢天谢地，你是安全的！我走回去，正好避免赛车。符合题意。【2012安徽卷】25. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life. A. of B. on C. to D. For【答案】D【解析】选择D是正确的，mean在此表示“预定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 He was meant for to be an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。【2012辽宁卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake. A. to B. for C. off D. out【考点】介词辨析【答案】C 【解析】off 意思是“离开.,隔着.”，表示与隔着一定的距离。【2012四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, _ increase your income by 40%.A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as14.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除之外（还有）；和”；B意为“只要”；C意为“与一样多”（不用于肯定句）；D意为“一就”。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A。【2012陕西卷】11An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.A . against B. for C .to D. with【答案】A 【考点】考查介词。【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选A。be for支持，赞成；be to到达；be with和在一起，都与句意不符。【2012北京卷】34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. acrossD。介词考点【2012全国卷II】 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句中介词的前置。根据介词短语at the temperature，可知用at which。句意：100度是水沸腾的温度。动词及短语动词【2012辽宁卷】26. Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. A. taking apart B. giving away C. making up D. turning off26、【考点】动词词组辨析【答案】A【解析】A项意为“拆开; 拆卸”；B项意为“赠送，泄露”；C项意为“编造、弥补、化装”；D项意为“关掉”。根据句意，可知，Rod喜欢拆卸钟表，然而，他从来都不能再重新装好。所以选B项【难度】一般【2012四川】20. Its surprising that your brother _ Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.A. picked up B. looked up C. put up D. made up 【答案】A 【解析】 本题考查动词短语辨析。pick up意为“（无意之间、偶然地）学会”；look