代词指代.doc

代词指代：代词在人称和数方面必须跟指代对象一致。语法准备：1、人称代词 （1）要避免人称代词在性、数两方面的误用。 （2）人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。 （3）在任何句子中，代词应跟它所指代的先行词在人称和数上取得一致。TOM脾气老杯了，他姐姐却很友善。Tom gets a mean streak, but his sister is quite friendly.语法准备：2、物主代词 （1）分为形容词性和名词性两种，不要混用。 （2）物主代词的数也必须与它们指代名词的数一致。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.语法准备：3、反身代词。在句子中作宾语、表语、同位语，但不能作主语，在使用时同样应与所指代词在数和人称上保持一致。在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。 introduce myselfI am not myself today, because I have such a bad hangover from the drinking I did last night.get tipsy微醉The thing itself is not important. I drove the car myself.语法准备：4、相互代词：each other和one another两者的区别是：前者用于两者之间的比较，后者则用于两者以上的人或事物之间的相互关系。小威跟蜜源深情对唱：Xiao wei and Mi yuan sing to each other soulfully.咱lf的大家应该彼此相爱。We should love one another.用another, other, the other, the others, 或者是one来填空。（1）To know is one thing and to teach is (another ).One thing.another表示两个事物完全不同（2）If he is a fool, you are (another ) If he is a fool, you are a fool, too（3）If these are no use, can you send me some (other )some like it; others dislike it.剩下的所有其他的（4）They died one after ( another)one after another（5）One succeeds while (another) fails.(6)Give me the other coat, not this (other )the others:相对“几个”中的一部分来说“剩下的所有其他的Another：不特定的另一个other可以表示“他人”，或和some用在一起The other 两者中的一方是one，另一方是the other语法准备：6、指示代词：主要用this thatthosethese 还有such，他们既可做代词又可做限定词。疯狂的男人是小威：This crazy man is xiaowei.语法准备：7、不定代词：every(-thing,-one,-body), some(-thing,-one, -body), any(-thing,-one, -body), no(-thing,-one, -body), no one, none, neither, both, all 等。all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定，all通常不跟不可数名词连用。All goes well.Everyone is here.我们都不愿游手好闲得过一辈子.Neither of us wants to goof around all our lives.neither nor .就近一致 neither him nor you.areIt is none of your business.用some, any , one, ones和it填空（1）Are there ( any ) more books? Ive read all these old ( ones )（2）I asked him for ( some ) money, but he hadnt ( any )（3）So this is your house. Its a very pretty ( one ). When did you build ( it )?（4）The shopkeeper says, we have ( some ) new shirts today. This brown ( one ) is quite nice.Some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。劝诱、祈使would you like.？Would you like some coffer?语法准备：8、关系代词：引导定语从句who(whose, whom),which, that （1）关系代词的数和人称要和先行词一致，格取决于它在从句中充当的成分。 （2）who指人，that可指人也可指物，which指物跟小威说话的人是蜜源：The person to whom xiaowei spoke is miyuan.The person who kissed miyuan is xiaowei小威送给蜜源的是枚戒指：The thing which xiaowei present miyuan is a ring语法准备：9、连接代词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，连接代词有 what, who, whom, whose, which （1）What指物 （2）Who whom whose指人 （3）Which既可指物又可指人It is clear enough what she meant.Ask her which she wants.What I want to know is which road we should take.需要避免的三种错误：（1）模糊指代：即一个代词可以指代其前面的两个或两个以上的指代对象，同时又很信决定该指代词指代的是哪一个。（2）遥远指代：即代词与其指代对象应该尽可能靠近，不要离得太远。（3）暗示指代：代词被用来批代一个用定语形式暗示的名词或一个根本就未在句中出现过的名词。指出以下句子犯了哪种错误。（1）she told my sister that she was wrong.（2）As she was greatly influenced by her history teacher, she chose it as her major.（3）He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.（4）In Dreisers Sister Carrie, he describes a penniless girls way to success.从句先于主句出现时，从句的主语若为代词，它们应优先指代主句中的主语。（4）As researchers continue to probe the highly expressive vocal and postural language of wolves, their close resemblance to dogs has become ever more striking.（5）Plausible though it sounds, the weakness of the hypothesis is that it does not incorporate all relevant evidence.从句先于主句出现时，从句的主语若为代词，它们应优先指代主句中的主语。1. She heard a terrible noise _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that2. Why dont we take a little break?Didnt we just have _?A. it B. that C. one D. this 3.If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _$15.A. another B. other C. more D. each4. Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes.A. little B. few C. a little