新托福听力授课思路_Marina Dong.doc

TOEFL IBT Listening（8节）Lecture 1一：大家互相认识，鼓励大家。（10分钟）二：新托福听力介绍及评分标准 （65分钟）Brief Introduction to ListeningTOEFL iBT listening materialsTOEFL iBT listening questions typeI: TOEFL iBT listening materials（15分钟）LISTENING SECTIONType of audio textLength of audio textNumber of questionConversation 12-3 min5Conversation 22-3 min5Lecture 14-6 min6Lecture 24-6 min6Lecture 34-6 min6Lecture 44-6 min6Extra Audio Test #2-6 min5-61.1 contents of listening materials1.1.1ConversationsOffice Student Service1.1.2 LecturesFragment of real life lecture Interaction with students Occasional Irrelevant small talk Very board topic Rudimentary knowledgeArts （艺术）Life Science（生命科学）Physical Science（自然科学）Social Science( 社会科学)Arts:Architecture Industrial design/artCity planning PhotographyCrafts: weaving, knitting, fabrics, etcLife Science: Extinction of or conservation efforts for animals and plantsFish and other aquatic organisms Bacteria and other one-celled organismsVirusesMedical techniquesPublic healthAnimal behavior Physical Science：Weather and atmosphereOceanographyMathAstronomy and cosmologyChemistry of inorganic thingsComputer scienceSeismologySocial Science: Early writing systemsHistorical linguisticsBusiness, managementEducationModern history Child developmentExample:（10分钟）PhilosophyListen to part of a lecture in a philosophy class.Questions:1: What is the main purpose of the lecture? To illustrate the importance of extrinsic values To explain Aristotles views about the importance of teaching To explain why people change what they value To discuss Aristotles views about human happiness（gist-content 内容主旨题）2: The professor gives examples of things that have value for her. Indicate for each example what type of value it has for her.Place a checkmark in the correct box. This question is worth 2 pointsOnly Extrinsic Value Only Intrinsic Value Both Extrinsic and Intrinsic ValueTeaching Exercise HealthPlaying a musical instrument（细节题）3. Why is happiness central to Aristotles theory? Because it is so difficult for people to attain Because it is valued for its own sake by all people Because it is a means to a productive life Because most people agree about what happiness is.（组织结构题）4. According to the professor, why Aristotle think that fame cannot provide true happiness? Fame cannot be obtained without help from other people. Fame cannot obtained by all people. Fame does not last forever. People cannot share their fame with other people. （细节题）5. Listen again to part of the lecture by playing track 4. Then answer the question. Teaching is not a highly valued profession in society. She may change profession in order to earn more money. The reason she is a teacher has little to do with her salary. More people would become teachers if the salary were higher. （推论题）二：听力考试应该注意的问题，及考试题型的简单介绍。（30分钟）Do & DontDontDo多听，拼命听，听不懂也要听。1. 依照考试时间，先听一套题。2. 听三遍还不明白，翻开答案，确认。3. 跟读原文，找出听觉盲点。4. 背诵听力盲点所在，直至脱口而出。5. 三到：心到，眼到，耳到。时时听在特定时间内，（一般40-60分钟左右）、特定的场所内，没有其他事情的影响下做题。调整出临场考试的心态。一没听明白就慌了保持冷静和自信，培养良好心理素质。盲目追求题海战术把注意力放回到听过的题目上。Model everything (Pronunciation, intonation, tone, slang, idioms, patterns, etc. ) 持之以恒模仿基础上，大力扩展ibt听力题目中常用词汇和句式的其他含义和用法。 难点： “一词多义” 或 “一义多词”只看不背与阅读不同的是，听力必须了解具体含义。听力语言重现率很高，背的越多，没听过的就越少。Strategies for Listening 1. Understand the gist(理解主旨)文章的主要观点和总体话题。Gist-Content QuestionsRecognize Gist-Content QuestionsWhat problems does the man have?What are the speakers mainly discussing?What is the main topic/purpose/Idea of the passage/lecture/ conversation? What is the lecture about?Tips整体把握，排除局部听力材料的选项。注意开头，了解段落主要意思。听其余部分时，思考讲话者在说什么，调整对段落主旨的看法。Example:What does the woman need?(A) A meeting with Professor Simpson(B) An English composition class(C) An appointment for tutoring(D) Information about the Learning CenterYou hear:Men: Hi, are you Paula?Women: Jim?Man: Hi, nice to meet you.Women: Glad to meet youMan: So, you need some tutoring in English?Women: Yeah. Im taking English composition composition, and Im not doing very well on my Essays.Man: Right. Um, well, first lets see if we can finger out a time to meet that were both free.2: Understand the Details（ 了解细节）Detail QuestionsRecognize DetailQuestionsWhat is stated in the passage?What is indicated in the passage?（段落说明了什么？）According to the speaker?(根据说话者.?)How does the professor emphasize her point about-?图片题：Identify the part of the picture that represents-？Select the diagram that represents-?Tips1: 仔细听段落中细节2：寻找与段落信息相同的答案。3：排除错误的选项，从剩余的选项中选择最佳答案。3：Understand the FunctionPurpose QuestionsRecognize PurposeQuestionsListen again to part of the passage, then-?Why does the speaker say this?What does the professor imply when he says this?What is the purpose of the womans response?Why does the student visit the professor?Tips1: 仔细听重放段落中讲话者说了什么？2：做出结论：讲话者为什么这样说？4: Understand The Speakers StanceStance, Attitude QuestionsRecognize Gist-Content QuestionsWhat is the attitude, opinion, point of view of the speaker?Select the sentence that best expresses how the speaker feels?What does the speaker mean?What can be inferred about the student?What is the speaker/professor/students attitude towards-?Tips1: 学会关注说话人语气、态度和观点。5: Understand the Organization（观点如何组织的）Organization QuestionsRecognize OrganizationQuestionsHow is the information in the passage organized?How is the discussion organized?Click the correct column?How does the speaker organize the information that he presents?Which of the following best describes the organization of the lecture?How does the professor help the student?How does the professor clarify her point about -?Tips1：参看笔记。2：注意文中所作的比较。6: Understand RelationshipRelationship QuestionsRecognize RelationshipQuestionsWhat can be inferred about X?What is the likely outcome of doing procedure X before procedure Y?What will student probably do next?Match each term with the correct definition/ classification:Based on the speakers description, classify the following-?The speaker describes a sequence of events, Put the events in the correct order.Tips1: 细听段落中每一信息点。2注意思考信息点之间如何连接。3：寻找表明信息点如何相互关联的答案。实例分析 （分析文章的出题点）10 分钟Problems 15-18, Conversation, Audio-04, Track 4. Listen to a conversation on campus between two students. (BA-220) 1: Why does the man want to talk with the woman?A To ask her to help him study for the examB To get some handouts for a class he has missedC: To clarify his understanding of the review sessionD: To find out her opinion of Professor Carson2: Why does the woman think that the review session will be helpful?A Because she has some questions that she wants to ask the professorB Because Professor Carson will tell them some of the test questionsC: Because it helps to hear the answers to questions that other people askD: Because she needs an individual conference with the professor3: Why dose the man decide to go to the review session?A: Because the review session will make up for absencesB: Because the woman convinces him that it is a good ideaC: Because the professor has recommended the sessionD: Because he needs help to organize his class notes4: Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the following question.A: He thinks that the professor will notice if a student is absentB: He agrees with the woman about the attendance policyC: He wants to change the subject that they are discussingD: He tries to encourage the woman to explain her opinion三：让学生记忆演讲话题高频词汇。先发词汇表给学生，然后分组，回答意思。（集中学生注意力，引发注意力）四：布置作业: （10分钟）1. 回去记忆高频词汇，测词汇。2. 做听力练习，并将其中一篇文章进行复述，录音发到我邮箱中，时间严格控制在45秒内。Lecture 2一：检查作业。(15 分钟)二： 测试（5 分）（dictation, 单词测试）三：Note-taking 讲解。(45分钟)1: Why should you develop the skill of note-taking?(让学生回答，意识到做笔记的重要性。) 1：It keeps you focused2: It helps you remember the information3: It helps you answer the questions and organize your spoken or written response.4：Good notes will facilitate your responses and directly affect your IBT score.Note-taking strategies:1: As you listen, focus on the main points and ideas. They can be recognized by the pause that is before the essential information, by the repetition of some information, the emphasis that is placed on certain points, word signals ( two main aspects, second, essential.) etc.2: Concentrate on important words, like nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, also names, dates, number, etc.3: Listen carefully to the questions both professors and students ask and answers given- they often refer to major ideas.4: In conversations identify the main problem/need, the solution and the main participants in conversation, as well as the one who is more important or whose problem is the topic of the conversation.5: Do not write everything you hear, for example you can easily omit auxiliary words, determiners, pronouns and prepositions.6: Identify how the information is organized: the stages of a process, major points to minor points, problems and solutions, causes and results, etc.7: Organize your notes in some logical form-graph, list with major points and sub-points, flow charts, etc.8: Write clearly, as the notes will do you no good afterwards if you cant read what you have written.9: Use abbreviations and symbols.Abbreviations and SymbolsREMEMBER: YOU MUST BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE COMPLETE WORD FROM ITS ABBREVIATION.1. Write just the beginning of a long word. Here are some examples of long words that have been abbreviated by writing just the beginning of the word:WordAbbreviationWordAbbreviationdifferentdifffemininefemincorporatedincpopulationpopelementaryelemambiguousambigmolecularmolecseparatesepdivisiondivhippopotamushippoQuestion Q Limited Ltd.2. Use Concept Maps and Diagrams You can set down information in a concept map or diagram. This presents the information in a visual form and is unlike the traditional linear form of note taking. Information can be added to the concept map in any sequence. 确定核心话题 Begin in the middle of the page and add ideas on branches that radiate from the central idea or from previous branches. 记录细节 确定核心话题之后，我们需要做的就是记录与其相关的细节，主要的细节为what , when, where , who , why和 how等。注意记录对话和演讲中信息引导词和信息引导句后面的信息，例如， First ., lets look at the ., Examples3: 常用笔记字母汇编Z：表示“人”， people/personC: 表示政府,统治，近似government,govern. Government Offical 可以表示为CZP: 表示政治，如politics, political. 那么politician 就可以表示PZ.E: 表示总数。数学符号表示总值。G：表示效率。G 为效率符号。Q：表示“通货膨胀”：inflationA: 表示农业： AgricultureB: 表示商业 ：BusinessO: 表示国家，“国家”“民族”“领土”等：country, state, nation, etc. O 表示进口，O表示出口： 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting,conference, negotiation, seminar,discussion, symposium.4：常用速记箭头： 1：表示到达、传达：go into,arrive at, give to, 2: 表示导致、导引：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 1: 表示来自于：be/come from,return, receive from, etc. 2: 表示追溯到：come/go back to, originate 1: 表示上升：up/upward/rise, increase, arise,ascend,etc 2: 表示发射、投放市场、发行：lanuch,open, start,etc. 3: 表示发展、加强、推进:develop, strengthen, promote,etc: 表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.5: 常用速记符号：+ 表示“多”：many,lots of ,a great deal of, a good many of,etc.- 表示“少”：little, few, lack,in short of /be in shortage of etc.= 表示“同等”概念：means, that is to say, in other words, the same as, be equal to, etc. 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. 表示 “重要的”状态：important, exemplary （模范的）, best, certain/affirmative, etc.& 表示“和”、“与”： and , together with, along with, accompany, further more, etc.笔记三大原则：原则一：脑记为主，笔记为辅笔记技巧只是帮助学生记忆和理解原文信息，不能喧宾夺主。考生应时刻谨记：理解逻辑关系，速记内容细节。原则二：适用、快速、个性简写符号因人而异，中英文均可，只要能便于记忆和编写，最高境界就是寥寥几笔，能最大程度地提醒自己相关信息。原则三：坚持锻炼，产生条件反射。刚开始考生都避免不了把单词写全的冲动，只有多练习，才能熟能生巧。用一个例子说明该如何做笔记。（35分）Barron Model test 1: (listening 2)（先放听力，让学生在规定时间内做完答案。）2 分钟答题 Main Idea-4 主 type. Drainage pattern1: dendritic: 树枝 人 循环 系统 （注意文中提到，here s an example of a dendritic pattern）2：radial : 刹 轮 不同方向3: rectangular ： fractured（裂）4：trellis: dif. 阻挡 （听的过程中，我们注意到：1：教授出现了两次语气词。(提问学生，哪两次？)第一次，I trust you have already read the chapter so.第二次：I dont plan to trick you with test questions about exceptional patterns.2: 文中出现的经典提示：(1)一般论点后都有例子说明，而且例子都是很简单易懂的，而且经常是出题点。 Heres an example of a dendritic pattern. As you can see, its similar to many systems in nature. In addition to the structure of a tree, it also resembles the human circulation system.(2) 文中出现的图片。 图片是对每个观点的具体说明，一般来说，论点中都是有生词的，那么图片就是让生词变得不再是生词的法宝。因此建立形象思维，关注图片在托福听力考试中就非常重要。Ok，现在我们来看一遍问题，看看都是从哪些方面出题的。4： 另外一个例子：(20分) Barron Model Text 4 ( listening 2)先放听力，让学生在规定时间内做完答案。）2 分钟答题Main Ideadif. 观 （修正 A农）1：A 人病2：食样 猎农 农 1 食3：高 猎农 猎 5.9 5.5 农 5.3 5猎 移食农 饿Sum A 农 健注意：1：句中出现了的经典句式： a. From a revisionist perspective, the development of agriculture about 10,000 years ago didnt improve the lives of early farmers. On the contrary, when hunter-gathers abandoned the age-old method of foraging for food and began to cultivate crops, they put their health at risk.b. So, lets see where we are, Oh, yes. Consider that hunter-gathers had the advantage of mobility. Now, lets listen again to this lecture, and check the answers together.(对答案，解释题目出题方向) Barron P344 页s四：布置作业（5分）1：回去记忆高频词汇，测词汇。2：做听力练习，并将其中一篇文章进行复述，录音发到我邮箱中，时间严格控制在45秒内。Lecture 3: 一：检查作业（15分钟）二：测试（ 10分钟）填空，词汇。 三：题型分析及实例讲解：（45分钟）1: 主旨题 (25分钟) （要note-taking, 叫1个学生复述）Gist-content Question:What problems does the man have?What are the speakers mainly discussing?What is the main topic/purpose/Idea of the passage/lecture/ conversation? What is the lecture about?在做IBT主旨题的时候一定要尽量把握文章的整体思路, 可以从以下几个方面来进行: a、记住谈话人语气加重所强调的人，事物或概念。 b、努力把握谈话或演讲中的关键词或短语。尤其要关注谈话人不止一次提到的词或短语。 c、从宏观上把握谈话或演讲的内容，提炼出讲话的主题 实例讲解1：(30分) （OG Practice Set 3 P166）1: What is the professor mainly discussing? A The development of motor skills in childrenB How psychologists measure muscle activity in the throatC A theory about the relationship between muscle activity and thinkingD A study on deaf peoples problem-solving techniquesNote-taking:Muscular Habits=表现 thinking1: 喉 voice box eg. 1. 小孩 2. 解问题， 肌 动聋 信号语 解问题手动 2：观念运动 eg. 1.地点-眼动 图书馆 2. 朋友-眼 总结听力中的注意点：a) 语气词：语气的转换，停顿，拖长表示要转出另一个问题，或者是突出重点，或者是回顾刚才说过的问题，根据具体文章来定。Watson thought laryngeal habits you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice box.he thought those habits were an expression of thinking.b) 文中出现的重要词，如表示原因，强调，转折，之后的内容为听力的重点。While a person could describe his thoughts, no one else can see or hear them to verify the accuracy of his report. But one thing you can observe is muscular habits. What Watson did was to observe muscular habits because he viewed them as a manifestation of thinking.c) 态度推断题，需要我们理解讲话者的立场和态度，了解他说话的真正含义。推断题要求较高，必须听明白！Ok. Well, Watson makes the assumption that muscular activity is equivalent to thinking. But given everything weve been talking about here, one has to ask: are there alternatives to this motor theory-this claim that muscular activities are equivalent to thinking? Is there anything else that might account for this change in muscular activity, other than saying that it is thinking? And the answer is clearly yes. Is there any way to answer the question definitively? I think the answer is no.Now listen again and check the answer together. Ask one-two students to paraphrase this lecture. (10分)实例讲解2: (30分) Listen to part of a lecture in an English class. Then identify the major points from the options below. (Barron P124 Activity 24)A. Noah Webster had a degree in law and practiced for a short time before he became a school teacher.B. The American Spelling book, Websters first successful textbook, afforded him an income while he was writing his dictionary.C. An American Dictionary of the English Language was written to demonstrate the unique usage of English in the United States.D. An American Dictionary of the English Language, published in 1607, provided Webster with practice in compiling a dictionary.E. Although he had a copyright for The American Spelling Book, ironically Webster did not have a copyright for the original dictionary and subsequent editions that bear his name.F. Webster graduate from Yale only two years after the end of the Revolution that won independence for the United States from England. Now listen again and check the answer together. Ask one-two students to paraphrase this lecture. (10分)2: 细节题目/双向选择题（60分钟）细节指的就是听力材料中提及的具体信息，包括事实，描述，定义，原因和例证等。 细节题考察的是考生对具体信息的记忆和把握能力。细节题的答案只能根据谈话人在对话和演说中的实际表述来寻找，考生不应该加入自己的主观推断!iBT的细节题是一种相对的细节题, 它实际上考的是段落大意. 真正最细节的信息(如细节到某个单词, 某个数字, 某个日期)是不会考的。实例讲解1：（15分）Please turn to page Barron 286, lets listen to a talk between two students. MT3_Audio 5_Track 5Note-taking:男： 女： 未来 no 专 咨没时间 test, group session, take time J 见面 实习注意：1：要求：话类题相对简单，在掌握相应技巧后，应该是全作对。2：对话中应该注意双方讨论什么问题，有哪些人参加，每个人的态度观点分别是什么，是听力中该关注的观点。3：作者观点一般会比较清晰表示出，适当做笔记。方便答题。 M： I wish I were as sure about my future as you seem to be, I . I really dont know what I want to do after I graduate.(文章第一句就表示出了