新视野英语第一册U3笔记.doc

Unit 3 section A A Good Heart to Lean On一、Main idea of the text How a crippled father helps his son keep balance through his act of deep caring.二、Devices：1.Narration interspersed with comment (夹叙夹议). Narration: (Para. 1-4) Comments: (Para. 5)2.Exemplification (举例法) General statement: St. 1 of Para. 8 Examples: Para.8 113.Induction through introspection(自省式归纳法）Para12134.Parallelism（平行结构）I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it.I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of anothers good fortune, when I dont have a “good heart”.Euphemism（委婉）My father has been gone for many years now. ( “has been gone” is used here to replace “has been dead”)三、Compatible Expressions1.lean （vi.）（1）be against a wall or other surface 倚，靠（2）bend in a certain direction 倾斜，倾向，偏向lean on=depend on 依靠eg: My little sister always leans on me for help when she is in trouble.我的妹妹在陷入困境时总是依赖我的帮助。They lean on each other for support.他们相互依靠，相互支持。2. balance(n.)【U】mental or emotional calm 平静，镇静 【U】a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread as not to fall 平衡，均衡（v.）(cause to)ne even and keep balance (使)平衡，（使）均衡（vt.）consider in relation to sth. else; compare权衡，比较句子:When we walked together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare.【his hand】【独立主格结构】 on my arm for balance（1）独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语。（2）独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。【即它与前面的主语、谓语都没有关系，而它后面却没有谓语。】eg.The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻红了。This little excitement over，nothing was to be done 一阵小小的兴奋过后，别无它事可干了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆3.grow up 成长，长大 develop from being a child to being an adult4.let on泄露，透露tell sb. sth., esp. sth. that has been kept secretEg.He knows more about it than hes letting on.对此他知道的比透露给我们的多。Dont let on what I told you.不要把我说的告诉别人。5.adjust(v.) (to)become or make suited (to new conditions) (使)适应adjust to sb./sth. 适应某人、某物Eg. 1）We should adjust expenses to income.我们应该量入为出。2）Freshmen should learn to adjust themselves to the college life as soon as possible.新生应该尽快适应大学生活。6. to go to work sick 带病上班 “sick”是补足语，补充说明状况。1）I cant drink the tea hot.（补定语）茶很烫我不能喝。2）He went to bed hungry last night.（补主语）他昨夜饿着肚子睡觉。7.cling (clung, clung) vi.(to) hold sb. or sth. tightly抱住，抓紧（to）continue to believe or do sth.坚持，忠于 to cling to the hand-rail 紧紧握着扶手eg. She clung to the idea that her son is alive.她抱定这个想法：她的儿子还活着。8. free of/from: 免去的，不受的,摆脱keep free of ice冰融化eg. 1)The pill cant keep the old lady free of pain.这药丸不能使老妇人免去疼痛之苦。2) He is free from all blame.他摆脱了所有的责怪。sb. be to blame 某人被责怪（不定时表被动）3) He wished to live a life entirely free of trouble.他希望过一种完全没有烦恼的生活。9.amaze(vt.) surprise sb. greatly 使惊讶，使差异 to be amazed at sth. 对某事感到惊讶eg. I was amazed at (by) her rapid progress in English. 她的英语进步迅速，令我大为惊讶。10.subjest(vi) subjest(n.)(to)cause to experience sth. unpleasant使遭受（痛苦等），使蒙受subject to:使遭受,使经受free to:免受sb. be subjected to sth.=subject sb. to sth.eg. 1)They were subjected to great suffering.他们遭受了巨大痛苦。2)The campers were subjected to extreme weather.野营者们经历了极恶劣的天气11.have a good/hard/difficult time doing sth:很高兴/难做Eg.1）I had a hard time finding you.我找你找得好辛苦。2）I had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.我好不容易才劝说他接受了那份工作。12.(not ) to be content to do sth. /with sth.（不）满足于做某事eg.I am not content with beautiful dreams: I want beautiful reality.我不满足于美丽的梦想，我要美好的现实。2）Nowadays, the college students are no longer content to sit and listen passively in English class. They want the kind of class they can participate in.如今的大学生不再满足于英语课堂的听讲。他们需要能够参与的英语课。13.see (to it) that= take care=make sure注意，确保make sure that sth. is done 务必做到eg. See that you are not late again.务请注意不要再迟到。14.委婉语（Euphemism） 老人oldpeople -seniorcitizen或thelonger-lived 退休的人retiredpeople -pensioners，残疾人crippled（disabled）man - specialman。 去世togoWest，topassaway，tobegone，tobeatrest，tobeinHeaven，tofallasleep，tobreatheoneslast， 15.倒装句（S+V+OO+V+S）eg.I do soSo do IThe bus comes here.Here comes the bus.16区别at times=sometimes 有时sometime有朝一日，总有一天some times有几次sometimes有时候break out 突然发生，爆发break up 关系中断，瓦解 （begin to happen）17.be urged to do sth. 渴望做某事18.on leave (away from work or duty) 休假When I return on leave, Ill be busy.当我休假回来，我将会很忙。19.be worthy of sth.=be worth doing sth.值得做某事20.在主从句中，当从句的主语与主句主语一致，而且从句的谓语动词时be动词的时候，可以省略主语和be.eg. Once (they are ) in bed, the children fall asleep quickly.Section B The Right Son at the Right Time1.“be+V-ing”表将来【瞬间动词一般可以用这个形式表示将来时】Eg: He is going tomorrow