美语发音视频教程完整版-笔记汇总

Pronunciation Workshop Instructor Paul Gruber Introduction 01 17 02 27 When you learned English as a second language you kept many of the sounds and speech rules from your first language and you were continuing to use them when you speak English This is what gives you an accent You were using the sounds and speech rules from your native language instead of the sounds and speech rules of English This program will show you and train you on how to use these sounds and speech rules correctly and showing you how to correctly form new sounds by changing the position of your tongue or changing the shape of your lips These small changes are going to make very big changes in your speech How to Practice 02 35 03 15 Speak slowly Use a Loud Voice Exaggerate Your Mouth Movements What would you be doing is retraining the muscles of your mouth in your tongue to move in new ways which will produce a new pronunciation patterns These new speech patterns will slowly and eventually involve into your own spontaneous fast speech but it is important that you start out going very slow The Key to Success 03 15 05 15 Being aware of your errors Recognizing mistakes when you hear them When most Americans speak you will notice that we seem to open our mouth a lot and there is a great amount of mouth movements Arrangement of this program 05 15 05 45 During the course of this program I will begin by addressing consonant sounds and then later on we ll work with vowel sounds Now vowel sounds as you know are A E I O and U like ahh ohh eee ehh ihh and ooo And consonant sounds are basically all the other letters sounds like b ch s t f g sh w and of course there are many many more sounds Session One 05 55 22 34 1 Consonant R 2 Consonant W R Tips 07 07 09 00 Mouth and lips come tightly forward as if you would be saying the OO sound Tongue moves back Now one way of checking if you re doing this correctly with your tongue is by actually putting your finger around an inch into your mouth while saying an R sound You should be able to take the tip of your finger and feel the tip of your tongue Practice 09 00 12 34 R at the beginning of words like Rock Rain Bringing your mouth forward and pulling your tongue back R at the end of words or after a vowel like Car Far Air Poor Your tongue hasta pull back and also your lips close a little bit in the front The R needs to be very strong and you need to close the word R in the middle of words like Very Arrange Everyone Your tongue is back and your lips are coming all the way forward R Blends 12 34 14 10 The R is always the strongest sound of the blend Your lips come forward before you even say the word When the blend is at the beginning of a word your mouth prepares for the R by coming forward before you even say the word R blends at the beginning of words Training Trust R blends in the middle of words Subtract Waitress W Tips similar to R 15 34 17 42 Practice first with OO Then go into OOOOOWAWAWA Remember A W is always makes a W sound It NEVER makes a V sound Remember the W sound is also at the beginning of the words One and Once Practice 17 43 19 24 W at the beginning of words like Why Which W in the middle of words like Always Away Don t forget to bring your mouth forward at the beginning of each word Q sounds Q KW 19 24 20 18 For example the word Quick is pronounced with the K and the strong W sound KWICK like that Session Two 22 50 44 25 1 Voicing 2 Consonant pairs 3 Consonant S 4 Consonant Z Voicing Voicing is when your vocal cords are vibrating in your throat producing a sound All vowels are voiced Some consonants are voiced some are not 24 35 26 23 Paired Consonants 26 23 29 11 P B T D F V SH ZSH K G S Z Consonant S Consonant Z 29 11 30 00 The S consonant made with the air going through your front teeth s the S sound is unvoiced You just add voicing What would the S sound become s z It will become a Z sound z So S has no voicing s Z has voicing z So we say the S sound and Z sound are also Pair Consonants And this brings us to what I would like to cover today S sounds s Z sounds z and how they work in terms of word endings Three rules for S Z endings 30 11 38 27 Rule 1 If the last sound in a word is unvoiced and you re adding an S well then the S remains unvoiced too Examples 1 cup 2 cups the p in cup is unvoiced so you just add an unvoiced s I break he breaks Rule 2 If a word ends in any of these sounds s z sh ch or dg j when adding an S ending add IZZZZZZ Examples 1 Page 2 Pages I Raise He Raises Rule 3 If a word ends in a vowel sound like the word Tree or a voiced consonant like the word Game then when you add an S continue the voicing throughout the entire word and it should become a voiced ZZZZ Examples 1 Tree 2 Treezzzz correctly spelled Trees 1 Day 2 Days I Fly He Flies Some common words where S s are pronounced as Z s 38 27 39 50 Is His As Was These Those Easy Because Session Three 44 41 61 15 1 The Unvoiced TH Sound 2 The Voiced TH Sound 3 THR Blends 4 Voicing the T Sound The Unvoiced TH Sound 46 55 49 53 Flat tongue protruding through your teeth Maintain a steady air stream Stretch out the TH sound Example Think of the word Thumb as having two beats Th umb 1 2 Unvoiced TH at the beginning of words Thanks Thick Unvoiced TH at the middle of words Anything Bathmat Unvoiced TH at the end of words Bath North The Voiced TH Sound 49 53 53 05 To make a voiced TH sound you just need to add voicing to the unvoiced th sound There s the voiced TH You should be able to feel the strong vibration in your throat and on your tongue Voiced TH at the beginning of words The That Voiced TH in the middle of words Clothing Mother Voiced TH at the end of words Smooth Bathe THR Blends the combination of TH sound and the R sound 55 18 56 30 Be aware that the R is the strongest sound of the blend and it s louder than the TH So when you say a word which begins with THR First make the TH sound and then strongly push out the R Thread throw TH Exceptions 58 20 60 47 Although the following words are spelled with a TH they are pronounced as a T Thomas Thompson Theresa Thailand Thames Esther Thyme Voicing the T Sound If a T falls within two voiced sounds usually vowels the T becomes voiced like a D Examples Water Wader the whole word is voiced Better Bedder Butter Budder Voiced T Practice Betty bought a bit of better butter But said she this butter s bitter If I put it in my batter it ll make my batter bitter Session Four 61 28 80 21 1 Consonant F 2 Consonant V 3 The Unvoiced SH Sound 4 The Voiced SH Sound Consonants F and V 62 40 63 39 Consonants F and V are produced with contact of your upper teeth and lower lip Think of it as biting your lower lip Maintain a steady air stream They are both identical except the F is unvoiced and the V is voiced Fs and Vs are friction sounds and not that loud So we stretch these sounds out a little bit so they can be clearly heard Practice F and V 63 40 72 46 The OF Exception NOT OF BUT OV The Unvoiced SH Sound 72 48 73 36 To make the Unvoiced SH sound bring your mouth and lips forward teeth should be slightly apart Produce air stream Words beginning with SH begin with this sound So are the words Sugar Sure Chef and Chicago SH practice 73 36 76 29 The Voiced SH Sound 76 29 77 00 The Voiced SH sound is exactly like the SH except voicing is added To produce this sound first make a sound and then you add voicing like that Now for some people this may take a little bit of practice you should feel the vibrations right here in your throat SH practice 77 00 78 31 Usual U zshu al Put your hand on your throat and feel for the vibration in the second syllable U ZSHU AL Session Five 80 25 93 20 1 Consonant L L Tips 81 05 83 05 Your bottom jaw should be down and your mouth should be wide open Your tongue should RISE UP independently of your jaw and touch right behind your top teeth Produce the L sound by dropping and relaxing your tongue Practice LA LA LA keeping your bottom jaw lowered and open while only raising your tongue Practice 83 05 87 48 To produce an L at the end of a word remember to slowly raise your tongue upward towards your upper teeth while keeping your bottom jaw as open as possible The L sound comes from the tongue movement not from the placement Using your finger to push down on your bottom teeth to keep your jaw open may be helpful for practicing FL Blend 87 48 89 05 Here we re combining two sounds that we have already covered The F sound and now the L sound Don t forget to first bite your lips for that F f like that and then quickly push your tongue up and against your teeth for the L to creat the FL blend Fly Comparing R and L 90 52 92 12 Keep in mind when you re producing an L your tongue moves forward and up behind your tip When you re producing an R sound your lips move forward but your tongue moves all the way back Basically the L and the R are completely opposite sounds L and R Combinations 92 12 93 02 These words and phrases having an L sound and an R sound right next to each other This forces you to make a clear L and then roll it right into a strong R Example Seal ring Session Six 93 30 106 35 1 Word Endings Often people who speak English as a second language drop the endings or final sounds off their words well they do not pronunce the final sounds correctly Make sure that the final sounds in your words come through clearly and fully Don t drop off or shorten the endings 94 12 95 50 Practice P B T D ending 95 50 98 48 Three rules for ED endings 98 48 103 10 Many verbs that are in the past tense end in ED Rule 1 If a word ends in an unvoiced consonant when adding ED just add an Unvoiced TExample Jump jumped pronounced jump T Rule 2 If a word ends in a voiced consonant add a Voiced D Example Rub Rubbed Today I rub yesterday I rubbed pronounced rub D Rule 3 If a word ends in a T or a D sound we add a Voiced ID Example Lift Lifted Today I lift the ball Yesterday I lifted the ball Three Nasal Sounds M N NG 104 09 106 15 Try to say the M sound m while closing off your nose You see you can not do it Because the M sound comes out of your nose It s the nasal sound Same thing with the NG sound comes out of your nose It s a combination of a N and a G and it s found at the ends of words like Ring and Sing And I want you to realize that there s not a k K sound Session Seven 106 48 118 02 1 CH sound 2 The American J sound DG 3 Consonant H Ch sound and J sound 107 37 109 24 CH Unvoiced as in Ch ur ch It s a combination of the T sound t and the SH sound When you put these two sounds together you get a It s an unvoiced sound American J Voiced as in J u dge if you take this CH sound and you keep everything in your mouth the same you just add voicing It becomes an American J sound CH unvoiced J voiced Practice 109 24 113 20 Consonant H 113 28 114 12 When an H is at the beginning of a word it is pronounced with a strong loud air stream Practice Ha Ha Ha Put your hand in front of your mouth for this exercise You should be able to feel the airstream come out onto the palm of your hand Note that some words in English that begin with the letter W are also pronunced just like an H Practice 114 12 117 09 Session Eight 118 14 129 48 1 American English Vowels 2 Vowel EE 3 Vowel I American English Vowels 118 47 120 18 There are five vowel letters in English A E I O and U But there are around 15 vowel sounds and some vowels have as many as 10 different spellings Vowel sounds are made by slightly changing the Size Shape and the Tension of the muscle in your mouth your tongue and your lips A small change can produce an entirely different sound Instead of giving you diagrams of tongue placement how round your lips should be or how far you should open your mouth I believe the best way to learn American vowels is by Ear Training Listen carefully and repeat To help teach you the American vowel sounds I ll separate them to two groups front vowels and back vowels When your tongue rises up in the front it s a front vowel When your tongue rises up in the back it s a back vowel Front Vowels From high to low 120 18 123 50 EE I AE EH A i i ei e EE as in Heat I as in Hit AE as in Hate EH as in Het nonsense word A as in Hat Heat Hate Het Hat Back Vowels From high to low 121 45 122 59 OO Uh Oh Aw Ah u u OO as in Boot Uh as in Book Oh as in Boat Aw as in Bought Ah as in Bot nonsense word Boot Book Boat Bought Bot Comparing Heat EE and Hit I 122 59 129 42 Remember Heat is high Hit is lower EE Vowel Sound Remember smile and think high i vowel sound Session Nine 130 00 144 42 1 Vowel OW 2 Vowel AE Vowel O 131 10 132 45 The Hidden W OWE OWE OWE OWE OWE Woke and Wont 134 51 137 50 Practice WOWOWOWOWO Woke Whoa W K Won t Whoa W nt Vowel AE 137 50 138 22 This sound is a combination of two vowel sounds You start with an A and then you glide up to an E A E A E Notice how my mouth also closes a little bit at the end of the vowel A E The 50 United States Stressed sounds are in bold 140 35 144 25 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Session Ten 144 52 154 18 1 Vowel OO 2 Vowel UH 3 Vowel EH OO Vowel Sound 146 08 146 37 Bring your lips tight and forward Double OO words that are pronounced as UH 148 18 149 19 Food has a high vowel OO Foot has a lower vowel UH EH Vowel Sounds 151 51 152 12 It s made with the front of the tongue low Session Eleven 154 29 163 09 1 Vowel A as in Hat 2 Vowel AU as in Out 3 Vowel AH as in Top A Vowel Sound 155 20 155 49 Your mouth has to be wide open AU Vowel Sound 156 47 158 34 This is an important sound If mispronounced it can often make you misunderstood Begin this sound with the A sound as in hat Then slide your mouth forward to form a small W sound Example Downtown DA wn TA wn Downtown Downtown Are VS Our 159 59 161 02 Are Close with strong R sound tongue retracts back Are you going Our Begin with the AU sound A as in Hat Then close your mouth and say Were Our meeting is in one hour Pronounced as AU WERE The word Hour is also pronounced the same way Session Twelve 163 21 176 42 1 Tongue Twisters F W Voiced Z 164 49 165 46 Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn t fuzzy was he Voiced V 165 46 166 18 Vincent vowed vengeance very viciously P 166 18 167 33 Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers How many peppers did Peter Piper pick SH S and Z 167 33 168 49 She sells seashells by the seashore The shells she sells are surely seashells So if she sells shells on the seashore I m sure she sells seashore shells W CH and Final Consonants 168 49 169 54 How much wood would a woodchuck chuck If a woodchuck could chuck wood He would chuck he would as much as he could And chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would If a woodchuck could chuck wood W 169 54 171 31 Which witch wished which wicked wish While we were walking we were watching window washers wash Washington s windows with warm washing water If two witches would watch two watches which witch would watch which watch R 171 31 172 05 Roberta ran rings around the Roman ruins B BR and BL blends 172 05 172 39 Bradley s big black bath brush broke Bradley s big black bath brush broke TH 172 39 174 15 Tom threw Tim thirteen thumbtacks He threw three free throws There are thirty three thousand birthdays on the third of every month The father gathered smooth feathers for Thanksgiving The sixth graders are enthusiastic about Jonathan s birthday GR and GL blends 174 15 174 44 Green glass globes glow greenly L OO vowel 174 44 175 20 Aluminum Linoleum Aluminum Linoleum Aluminum Linoleum Won t 175 20 175 58 I would if I could But I can t so I won t Woke 175 58 176 31 I woke he woke she woke they woke We all woke up Session Thirteen 176 53 190 10 1 Phrase Reductions 2 Intonation Phrase Phrase Reductions 177 37 181 42 Phrase Reductions in conversational English words are often broken down or not fully pronunciated Two and three words are sometimes squeezed together to creat easy to say phrases Going to try gonna try I m gonna try to finish this book gonna try Want to eat wanna eat Do you wanna eat at seven o clock wanna eat Have to start hafta start I hafta start a diet tomorrow hafta start Has to try hasta try He hasta try harder hasta try Got to leave gotta leave I very gotta leave in fifteen minutes gotta leave Ought to believe oughta believe She very oughta believe what he is saying oughta believe Out of bed outa bed I got outa bed when I heard the alarm clock outa bed Did you go Didja go Didja go to the store Didja go Would he help Woody help Woody help me move the furniture Woody help Won t you play Woncha play Woncha play one more song on the piano Woncha play Didn t you know Didincha know Didincha know that she was coming home tomorrow Didincha know Is he Izzy Izzy the one that called Izzy What do you want Whadaya want Give it to me GividaMe Gividame right now away GividaMe Intonation 181 43 184 48 English is a very musical language As we speak our words and phrases go all the way up and then they come all the way down much like the music does In American English words that carry the highest information of value in a sentence are given more emphasis with increase loudness a higher pitch and sometimes a longer duration Asking questions voice goes up at the end of a question 184 48 185 28 Syllable Stress 185 28 189 45 Generally two syllable words have stress on the first syllable Two Syllable Words stress 1st syllable Comment Two Syllable Words stress 2nd syllable Delete Generally three syllable words have stress on the second syllable Three Syllable Words stress 2nd s