药学概论期末考试复习知识点整理.doc

Leaders: provincial agricultural work Conference held in XX, which is our concern and love, will greatly promote XX agricultural and rural economic development. First of all, I am representing XX municipal party Committee and Government, extend a warm welcome to the attending leaders! XX has been given support and assistance to the province of agriculture, provincial agricultural Office, and expressed heartfelt thanks to all the friends! below, I XX with a brief report. A basic XX of XX municipality located (cities, omitted). One is the superior ecological environment. XX blue, clear, green, water, air, 70% of land in the territory is covered with forests, grasslands, wetlands and waters, built 7 thousands of square kilometers of the total area of nature reserves. Within major industrial pollution sources, air quality at the national level, national levels, water quality, soil pollution, pure land reputation, was heralded by the United Nations environmental officials the most suitable place for human survival. Second, the enrichment of natural resources. A total area of more than 5 million mu of arable land (which owned 1.53 million acres), the annual grain output of more than 2 million tons and is located in the internationally recognized gold cattle, there should be more than 400,000 acres of grazing grassland, developing animal husbandry conditions; a total area of 4.1 million acres of forest land, rich in precious wood such as pine, ash, yellow pineapple, standing timber volume of more than 26 million cubic meters. Forest Xia has hundreds of species precious wildlife, more than 200 more species precious herbs, annual Super thousand tons of wild mushroom and reserves Super 100,000 tons of mountain dish; nectar plant throughout, can bee 100,000 group, is China bee of Xiang, and national Northeast black bee reserves and important of bee products production base; can using water 2.5 billion cubic metres, should be fishing water 460,000 acres, rich big salmon, and three spent five Luo, North cold water specialty fish; found and proved reserves of mineral resources has 36 species. Third, geopolitical advantages. XX open midpoint is located in the eastern part of the province along the border, 264 km long border, with national road passenger and freight transport port, built on the border between China and Russia has the largest permanent boundary River Bridge, running at full capacity the annual cargo capacity of up to 2.6 million tons. Russia two (HABA and Marina), two cities (Iman and Lesozavodsk) is the Russian Far East in developed areas. Lesozavodsk is only 8 km from XX port corresponding to the port of markovo, Lu Rinuo station is one of three railway marshalling yards in the far East, the far East-Siberian railway and a parallel road runs through the pass. By rail and road, to the North by HABA capital Khabarovsk, the Russian hinterland, radiation in the CIS and Eastern European countries; to the South through the port of Vladivostok and the nahuo card on the sea, to reach South Korea, Japan and other Pacific Rim countries and regions. Four is rich in tourism resources. XX tourist resources types, many attractions, beautiful scenery of the Sino-Russian border-river-wusuli River, a famous treasure island, known as the Oriental Maginot line of the Japanese invading army Tiger underground fortress ruins, General Chi药学概论期末考试复习知识点整理重点章节：第五章 药理学 第七章 药剂学 第九章 药事管理学 第十三章 药物流行病学与经济学评价第一章 绪论1.药学的发展（吗啡、百浪多息、联邦食品药品和化妆品法案、“反应停”事件、1962年科夫沃哈里斯修正案）P3-42.药学的定义 P5 药品的定义、天然药物的定义P73.药物临床研究阶段 P10（GCD是什么？；新药临床试验的四个阶段；生物等效性）4.GMP是什么？P12 药品流通的定义 P135.药师的定义、基本职责 P15 药品批发企业药师的主要职责、药品零售企业药师的主要职责、医疗机构药师的主要职责 P16第二章 生药学概论1.中药、草药的定义 P20 生药、生药学的定义、 我国近期生药学科的研究任务 P212.生药学的历史（判断题）P22 神农本草经P233.中药炮制的目的P24 生药的记载大纲 P26 生药的国际通用名 P27 4.生药炮制的目的（问答题）P28 生药的现代采收原则（填空题）P305.生药鉴定的定义及目的 P34-356.生药鉴定的方法（原植（动）物鉴定的定义、性状鉴定、显微鉴定的目的、理化鉴定、理化常数、纯度与品质的鉴定、杂质检测、灰分测定、酸不溶性灰分）P37-437.中成药的定义 P44 中成药的鉴定（了解）P44-458.国家重点保护的野生药材物分为哪三级？、地道中药材的定义P46 怀药产区、四大怀药P479.重点掌握黄芪、人参、三七、川贝母、金银花、陈皮、麦冬、冬虫夏草第五章 药理学1.胆碱能纤维、肾上腺素纤维、胆碱受体、肾上腺素受体 P2042.重点掌握毛果芸香碱、新斯的明、肾上腺素、阿托品、普萘洛尔3.有机磷酸酯类P206、镇静催眠及抗惊厥药（地西泮、巴比妥类）P2104.抗惊厥药：硫酸镁（注意：注射硫酸镁的作用是抗惊厥、口服硫酸镁的作用是泻药）5.抗癫痫药、抗精神失常药（氯丙嗪 作用机制；不良反应）；抗躁狂抑郁症药（米帕明、碳酸锂）；抗帕金森病药（帕金森病的定义、拟多巴胺类药、中枢抗胆碱药）P211-2126.中枢镇痛药（吗啡）；解热镇痛药（阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚）P213-2147.抗慢性心功能不全药（强心苷类药理作用、作用原理）P216 其他用于慢性心功能不全的药物 P2178.抗心绞痛药（心绞痛的病理生理机制、心绞痛发生的重要病理生理基础、硝酸甘油、普萘洛尔、钙通道阻滞药）P218-2199.抗高血压药（利尿药氢氯噻嗪、钙通道阻滞药硝苯地平、普萘洛尔卡托普利、氯沙坦）P22010.抗动脉粥样硬化药（调血脂药：他汀类、胆汁酸结合树脂、苯氧芳酸类、烟酸类；抗氧化药：普罗布考）P221-22211.利尿药（选择题）P223-224；脱水药（甘露醇）P22412.呼吸系统药物（平喘药）P228 13.消化系统药物（抗消化性溃疡药：碳酸氢钠、碳酸钙、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁；H2受体阻断药：西米替丁、雷尼替丁、法莫替丁；M1受体阻断药：哌仑西平、替仑西平；奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑；黏膜保护药：米所前列醇、恩前列醇、硫糖铝、枸椽酸铋钾；抗幽门螺杆菌药：甲硝唑、庆大霉素、阿莫西林）P229-23014.泻药、止泻药 P230-23115.抗组胺药（H1受体阻断药：第一代抗组胺药（苯海拉明、异丙嗪、赛庚啶）和第二代抗组胺药（氯雷他定、阿司米唑）的区别 ）P231-23216.肾上腺皮质激素类药物（糖皮质激素类药物：可的松、氢化可的松、地塞米松、培氯米松、泼尼松等的生理作用、药理作用、临床应用、不良反应）P232-23317.抗甲状腺素药 （硫脲类、碘剂）P23518.胰岛素和口服降血糖药P23519.常用术语（抗生素、抗菌药、抗菌后效应、抑菌药、抗菌活性等的定义）P24020.抗菌药物的作用机制（问答题）、细菌耐药性的定义 P24121.青霉素、头孢菌素P242-24322.大环内酯类及克林霉素（大环内酯类：红霉素；克林霉素类：林可霉素、克林霉素）P24423.氨基糖苷类抗生素（链霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星）P24524.四环素类抗生素（四环素、土霉素）氯霉素类抗生素（氯霉素）P245-34625.人工合成抗菌药（了解）P246-247 抗真菌药P24726.抗菌作用机制P246 27.抗结核病药（利福平、异烟肼、乙胺丁醇、链霉素、吡嗪酰胺）P247-24828.抗肿瘤药案抗肿瘤作用的生化机制分类可分成哪几类？P250-25129.常见的毒性反应、特殊的毒性反应P251第七章 药剂学1.药剂学的概念、宗旨 P2862.药物剂型的重要性（作用） 药物剂型按形态的分类 P2873.药物制剂的组成部分、辅料的定义及辅料在药剂学中的的作用P287 4.药物制剂的基本要求、药物制剂稳定性主要包括哪三个方面？P2885.影响药物制剂稳定性的因素及稳定化方法（填空、选择、判断、问答）P289-2906.液体制剂的特点、质量要求、液体制剂的防腐（防腐的重要性、防腐剂）P291-2927.毒剧药或剂量小的药物不应制成混悬剂 P2948.灭菌法有哪些？灭菌与灭菌剂的定义 P2969.注射剂的概念、质量要求、给药途径P29810.注射剂的附加剂、热原检查（家兔法、鲎（hou）试剂法）、注射剂的制备P29911.输液的质量要求P300 滴眼剂的质量要求（无菌）P30112.固体制剂的定义、类型P30113.根据口服固体制剂溶出速度的快慢，胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、片剂、包衣片、丸剂的药物吸收的快慢顺序为？P30214.散剂、颗粒剂的定义、质量检查P303 胶囊剂的定义、质量检查P30415.片剂的定义、片剂的辅料（填充剂、湿润剂与黏合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂）；片剂的包衣、包衣的目的（选择题）P306-30716.片剂的质量评价P30817.气雾剂的组成？常用的抛射剂？P31318.缓释制剂的定义 经皮吸收制剂（或称经皮给药系统或TDDS）的定义及优点 P314-31519.成功的靶向制剂应具备定位浓集、控制释药、无毒可生物降解三个要素。20.物理化学靶向制剂 P318第九章 药事管理学1.药事及药事管理的定义P3402.药事管理的特点（专业性、政策性、实践性）；P3413.药事管理学科的性质、研究内容、研究方法、社会调查研究的一般程序P342-3434.处方药、非处方药的定义P347 新药、仿制药的定义、国家基本药物、基本医疗保险用药、药品目录P3485.药品不良反应的报告与检测P3506.我国遴选基本药物的原则、处方药的生产和销售管理 P3497.药品严重不良反应及