300MW输煤专业概述.doc

Philippines Mariveles 2X300MW COAL FIRED POWER PLANT输煤运行手册Turbine Operation Manual第卷号Volume of 第一版Edition No: 1Owner: GNPower Mariveles Coal Plant Ltd.CoPrepared by: CNEEC 2011.08.01菲律宾马利万斯2300MW燃煤电厂项目Philippines Mariveles 2X300MW COAL FIRED POWER PLANT编制人提交时间翻译人提交时间审核人提交时间其他说明第一版 第二版第三版第四版合同号：Contract No.GNPOWER MARIVELES COAL PLANT LTD.CO 中国电力工程有限公司CHINA NATIONAL ELECTRIC ENGINEERING CO.,LTD批准APPROVED BY日期DATE合同号： Contract No.审核REVIEWED BY日期DATE校对CHECKED BY日期DATEREV-编制PREPARED BY日期DATE181 范围本规程规定了菲律宾马利万斯2300MW燃煤电站项目输煤运行的基本要求、运行方式、异常运行和事故处理. The instruction covers basic requirement, operating mode, abnormality and emergency treatment of ash handling system for Mariveles 2300MW coal fired power plant project本规程适用于菲律宾马利万斯2300MW燃煤电站项目输煤系统的运行操作.This instruction applies for operation of Mariveles 2300MW coal fired power plant project1.2 引用标准1.2 Quoted Standards 下列文件中的条款均是中国电力管理的相关文件,通过本手册的引用而成为本手册的条款。Terms in the documents below, which are the relevant documents of Chinese Power Administration, have been quoted to be some items of this manual.电力工业安全规程Safety code for Electric Power Industries卸船机操作维护说明书门式斗轮堆取料机操作维护说明书带式输送机操作维护说明书碎煤机操作维护说明书静电除尘器操作维护说明书DL/T 461-2004 燃煤电厂电除尘器运行维护导则DL/T 461-2004 guide for coal fired power plant ESP operation and maintenance 2 输煤系统概述2 The General Description of Coal handlingSystem2.1输煤系统整体概述输煤系统的任务是将煤从电站卸煤码头运煤驳船上卸下、输送至电站煤场，并处理为适用于电站锅炉燃烧所需粒度的煤，最终输送到锅炉。电力生产的主要原料是燃煤，它占发电成本的70%左右，因此燃料输送系统的好坏将直接影响到电力 生产的数量质量和稳定性。The task for Coal handling system is to unload the coal from power station coal unloading wharf ship and then deliver the coal to power station coal yard. Afterwards, the coal will be crushed into appropriate particle size which is required by the power station boiler combustion and finally sent to boiler. The main raw material for power generation is fuel which has taken up 70% of the power generation cost. Therefore, the fuel conveying system will directly affect the output, quality and stability of power generation.本系统设备主要包括：卸船机、滚轮式堆取料机、筛选装置、碎煤机、除铁装置、皮带秤、取样装置、三通挡板、犁式卸料器、胶带输送机、驱动装置、及静电除尘装置。 damper, disc-type metal remover, roller screen, coal crusher, disc-type metal remover, as-fired coal sampling, as-fired coal belt scale, three-way damper, and coal plough. Equipment of this system include ship unloader, roller-type stacker reclaimer, screens, coal crusher, metal removers, belt scale, sampling device, three-way dampers, coal plough, belt conveyers, and driving unit. Ship unloader is used to unload coal from the ship to the belt. Roller stacker reclaimer is used to stack the coal in the coal yard, to feed coal into the boiler, and to transfer coal to the belt. Coal crusher is used to crush the coal into particles required for combustion in the boiler. Belt scale is used to weigh as-received coal and as-fired coal. Sampling device is used to take samples of as-received coal and as-fired coal for analysis. 2.2 输煤系统运行方式简介（1）输煤系统上煤方式为“程控自动”、“程控手动”、“就地”三种操作方式。（2）输煤系统配煤方式有“程控自动配煤”、“程控手动配煤”、“就地配煤”三种工作方式。（3）1、2、3#皮带、为单路，4、5、6、7#皮带、为双路。（4）3、4#皮带、为双向运行。2.3 发热量变化对输煤系统的影响Influence that caloric value change exert on Coal handling system煤的发热量是评价动力用煤的最重要指标之一。如锅炉负荷不变，当煤的发热量降低，则耗煤量必然增加，不可避免的要加重输煤系统的负担，入厂煤量增加，卸车设备、煤场设备、皮带、破碎筛分设备都有可能因煤量增大而突破设计能力，造成以上设备长期超负荷运行。The caloric value of coal is one of the most important indexes for evaluating the power-consumed coal. Assumed that the boiler load does not change, when the caloric value of coal decreases, the cola consumption will certainly increase. As a result, it will unavoidably increase the burden for Coal handling system and increase the coal amount which is conveyed into the plant. In addition, due to the coal amount increase, the unloading equipment, coal yard equipment, belt, crushing and screening equipment will breakthrough the design capability so that the equipment will operate under over load for a long time.2.4 煤中灰分变化对输煤系统的影响2.4 Influences that change of ash centents in coal exerts on coal handling system煤中的灰分大小也是衡量煤质的重要指标，煤的质量级别是根据灰分多少制定的。灰分是无益成分，它只会是增加了输煤的无效负担，增加输煤设备的维修和更换工作量。The ash content in the coal is also an important index to evaluate the coal quality. The coal quality class is decided in accordance with the ash content. Ash content is non-beneficial composition. It will not only increase inefficient burden for Coal handling, but also increase the work of maintaining and replacing cola conveying equipment.2.5煤中水分变化对输煤系统的影响2.5Influences that moisture of ash centents in coal exerts on Coal handling system煤中水分是无用成分，不利于燃烧，它使着火困难并降低燃烧温度。水分过高，在煤的使用过程中，由于水分蒸发会将大量的汽化潜热带走，从而降低了煤的利用率，增大了燃煤消耗量。煤中水分大，容易引起输煤设备的粘煤、堵煤。煤中水分很少，会造成上煤过程中煤尘飞扬，严重污染工作环境，影响职工的身体健康和环境卫生。The water in the coal is unwanted composition which is not good for combustion. In addition, the water will harden the inflammation and reduce combustion temperature. During coal consumption, too much water composition will take away a lot of vaporized potential heat because of water vaporization. In this way, it will reduce the coal utilization and increase fuel coal consumption. Besides, it is easy to cause coal binding and coal jamming. However, if the water content is too low, it will cause too mush coal ash flying and floating during coal feeding process, which will pollute the working environment seriously and affect the health and environment sanitation of the staff.2.6煤中挥发分和含硫量对输煤系统的影响2.6Influences that volatilization and sulphur exerts on Coal handling system挥发分和含硫量对输煤系统的影响虽然不太明显，但是输煤系统运行中，如果煤的挥发分和硫分含量增加时，应注意防爆和自燃。The influence of volatile and sulfur content in the cola is not very obvious. However, during Coal handling system operation, if the volatile and sulfur content increase, attentions should be paid to explosion and spontaneous combustion.3 桥式抓斗卸船机33.1 卸船机的概述3.1 Ship Unloadey 该机为四卷筒牵引小车式抓斗桥式卸船机，装卸的代表船型为 70000 吨级卸料作业。工作时抓斗自船舱抓取散料后，抓斗小车向岸边运行， 将散料卸入前门架内侧的料斗内大车驱动整机沿码头轨道行走，实现 移位取料。 The equipment is grab ship unloader with four drums tracting trolley, and the of handling ship is 70000-tons unlading capacity. The grab grabs the bulk materials from the cabin when works and the grab trolley runs towards the shore, then it discharge the bulk material into the hopper in the inside of front door frame. Finally the cart drivers the machine to run along the tracks to achieve fetching materials by moving. QX1250 桥式抓斗卸船机主要由钢结构；起升.开闭.小车运行机构(三者合而为一，简称为四卷筒机构);变幅机构;大车运行机构;输料系统;防尘环保系统;移动式司机室; 电气系统；检修设施以及夹轮器.锚定.系缆.保险钩.限位装置等安全辅助设施等部件组成。ZQX1250 bridge grab ship unloader is composed of steel structure, four-Drum mechanism which including rising mechanism, open/close mechanism and trolley mechanism, derricking mechanism, crane operation mechanism, conveying system, environmental protection system, movable control room, electric system, maintenance facilities, wheel clamp, anchor, fastening cable, safety hook, limit apparatus and other safety accessories. 该机主体钢结构采用箱形梁形式，前后大梁连接为销轴铰接式，在高水位船舶靠岸和离岸时，前大梁仰起以便船舶通过，当船舶系缆固定后， 放下前大梁进行卸料作业。前大梁采用双箱形梁结构，两侧设有水平侧 向撑杆，增强了前大梁的侧向刚性。主机房、电气房置于后门架的陆侧 上横梁上，整机重心均衡，稳定性好。Main steel structure of this machine adapts box girders, and the front and back beams are connected by pins. When the ship docks or off-shores in the high-level water, the front beam looks up so that ships can pass through. When the ship mooring hawses, put down the front beams to unload materials. The front beam adapts double-box girder structure and the two sides are equipped with horizonal links to enhance the lateral rigidity of the front beam. Main motor room and electrical room are located in the landside portal at the back of back door frame. The weight of the machine and balanced thus it has good stability.该机机构设计中采用四卷筒机构牵引方式，小车自重轻，绳系简单，钢丝绳对大梁的作用力小，更换方便。导向滑轮采用高强度热轧滑轮，能 减少钢丝绳的磨损，延长使用寿命。 起升、开闭、小车运行机构、大车 运行机构、变幅机构，均采用交流变频调速系统。通过 PLC 可编程序控 制器实现半自动或手动操作卸料。各机构的动作可以在司机室内的联动 台上控制或就地操作，移动式司机室在轨道上独立运行，并能选择最佳 视野进行操作。输料系统由料斗、振动给料机和落料管组成，料斗内的 物料通过振动给料机和落料管输给码头上的皮带机。料斗的几个粉尘污 染点分别设有前回收板、料斗挡风板、后挡风门、水喷雾系统等防尘设 施。Mechanism design of this machine adapts four-drum traction. The car is lightin weight, and simple in fixing, and the steel wire rope has a little impact on the beam thus it is easy to change. Pulley uses high strength hot-rolled oneswhich can reduce wire rope wear and extend service life. Lifting mechanism, opening and closing mechanism, car running mechanism, cart running mechanism and amplitude mechanism all use AC Frequency Control System. Semi-automatic or manual unloading materials can be achieved by PLC Programmable Logic Controller. All the actuation on the mechanisms can be carried out in the linkage platforms on ground in the cab. Mobile cab operates independently along the tracks, and it can select the best perspective for operation. The feeding system is composed of hopper, vibrator feeder and conveying tube. The materials in the hopper are conveyed to belt conveyor in the port through the vibrator feeder and conveying tube. The dust-collecting points on the hopper are all equipped with front recovery board, hopper wind deflector, back anti-wind door and water spray systems and other dust-proof facilities.3.2 卸船机的工作原理(1)海侧升降、开闭卷筒逆时针旋转，陆侧升降、开闭卷筒顺时针旋转， 使抓斗提升。(1) Seaside hoisting, opening and closing drums take anticlockwise rotation, landside hoisting, opening and closing drums take clockwise rotation, the grab can lift.。(2) 海侧升降、开闭卷筒顺时针旋转，陆侧升降、开闭卷筒逆时针旋转，使抓斗下降。(2) Seaside hoisting, opening and closing drums take clockwise rotation, landside hoisting, opening and closing drums take anticlockwise rotation, the grab descends。(3) 升降或开闭卷筒的两对卷筒逆时针旋转，使抓斗小车向岸侧移动(此工况由小车牵引电机驱动)。(3) Two pairs of the hoisting or opening and closing drums take anticlockwise rotation, the grab car will move to the shore ( It is driven by car traction)。(4) 升降或开闭卷筒的两对卷筒顺时针旋转，使抓斗小车向陆侧移动(此工况由小车牵引电机驱动)。(4) Two pairs of the hoisting or opening and closing drums take clockwise rotation, the grab car will move to the land( It is driven by car traction)。(5) 升降卷筒不动作，开闭卷筒相对旋转时，使抓斗进行闭斗动作(此工况只有开闭电机开动)。(5) The hoisting drums do not work, when the opening and closing drums rotate face-to face, the grab will go through closing action. (Under this condition, only opening and closing motor actuates.)。(6) 升降卷筒不动作，开闭卷筒相背旋转时，使抓斗进行开斗动作(此工况只有开闭电机开动)。(6) The hoisting drums do not work, when the opening and closing drums rotate back-to back, the grab will go through opening action. (Under this condition, only opening and closing motor actuates.)。4 门式斗轮堆取料机4Portal Type Bucket Wheel Stacker Reclaimer 4.1 门式斗轮堆取料机的概述MDQ1250/2500.55型门式斗轮堆取料机是从料场取料至系统胶带机及从系统胶带机堆料至料场的专用堆取物料设备, 适用于大型火发电厂、工矿企业及港口散装物料储料场,其主要特点是高效率、安全、可靠。操作者在操作之前，必须阅读本说明书，掌握操作和日常维护要领。如果操作维护不当，不仅会影响设备的使用寿命，甚至会造成设备和人身事故。4.2 门式斗轮堆取料机的工作原理MDQ1250/250055门式斗轮堆取料机,有一个门形的金属构架和一个可升降的桥架。门架横梁上有一条固定的和一条可移动且可双向运行的堆料带式输送机，在门架一侧的料场带式输送机线上设有随门架运行的尾车。无格式斗轮通过圆形滚道、支承轮、挡轮套装在可沿升降桥架运行的小车上，桥架内装有带式输送机。堆料时，物料经料场带式输送机、尾车转至堆料带式输送机上，最后抛卸至料场。通过门架的移动及移动胶带机的运行，使物料形成一定形状的料堆。取料时，由横向运行的小车及其上旋转的斗轮连续取料，物料在卸料区卸到桥架带式输送机上，最后转卸到料场带式输送机运走。通过桥架的升降和门架的运行，可移位将料堆取尽。5 碎煤机5.1 碎煤机的概述燃煤电厂锅炉用煤通常是未经过分级的原煤,原煤粒度大多不符合锅炉用煤要求,需要进行破碎,因此燃煤电厂输煤系统中都要设置碎煤机,把煤破碎成一定的粒度, 达到设计粒度后从破碎机底部的出料口排出，出料粒度可有调节机构进行随意调整，以满足锅炉燃烧的要求.5.2 碎煤机的工作原理环锤式碎煤机主要是利用旋转的转子上带有锤子，首先对物料进行冲击作用而使之破碎；被冲击的物料同时从环锤处获得功能，使煤在环锤与破碎板、筛板之间，煤与煤之间产生冲击力、剪切力、及压力、碾磨力，这些力大于或超过煤在破裂处破裂前所固定有的抗冲击载荷以及抗压、抗拉强度极限，从而使煤块得以破碎。由于采用了圆形和齿形两种形式的环锤（HS型全为齿形环锤），其破碎方法中有击碎、辟碎 、切碎、碾碎和挤压作用，因此能充分利用动能，已达到高速破碎。破碎后合格的煤块经筛板的栅孔漏下排出。当遇有混在煤中的铁块或不能破碎的杂物时，可经拨料板将杂物拨进杂物收集器（除铁室）内而后定期清除。 Ring-hammer Crusher mainly makes use of impact effect produced by the rotating rotor equipped with hammer to crush the materials. The impact force, 5shearing force, pressure and grinding force produced among ring hammer and crushing plate and screen plates and coals which can exceed the impact resistance load, pressure resistance and tensile strength limit before coal crushing or on the crushing position can make the coal crush.due to the ring hammer adopts circular form and gear form (HS Type is gear form ring hammer), so the crushing methods have shredding, splitting, cutting, grinding and pressing functions. If making use of these functions completely, the crushing can be fulfilled with high speed. The qualified coal after crushing will be discharged through the grid hole on screen plate. When there is iron mixed in coals or invulnerable impurities, the switch plate can be applied to transfer it in iron removing chamber periodically. 。 6 滚轴筛6 Roller Screen6.1 滚轴筛的概述6.1 Composition of the roller screen滚轴筛是火力发电厂输煤系统中的筛分设备。 变倾角等厚滚轴筛是根据等厚筛分原理采用一种新型的筛面结构设计，即由若干根筛轴组成分段式筛面，沿物料流动方向上各段筛面的倾角由大到小形成交倾角分段筛面。进入筛机的物料首先在大倾角筛面段完成快速分离，再流向次倾角、小倾角筛面并在这里进行充分分离。小于筛孔的物料被筛下大块物料被排到出料口。BGS变倾角等厚滚轴筛的筛面设计成带有不同倾角的两段筛面，靠近落煤口的筛面倾角较大，靠近出料口筛面倾角较小，带旁路系统的机型，使滚轴筛的检修更为方便其性能更优越，用途更广泛，对物料的适应性更强。滚轴筛一般为倾斜布置，其倾角为1215由电动机通过减速器带动筛轴，各轴由各自的电机传动，晒盘按一定间距排列在筛轴上。The roller screen are generally installed obliquely, the tilt angle is 1215. The motor after gearbox drives screen shafts, all shafts are driven in chains and the screen disk are lined on screen shaft according a certain interval.6.2 滚轴筛的工作原理6.2 Working principle of the roller screen滚轴筛的工作机构是由电动机经减速机带动许多排列的筛轴，转动按同一方向同时旋转，使物料沿筛面向前运动，同时搅动物料，小于筛孔间隙的颗粒受自重及筛轴的旋转力的作用，透过筛轴间的逢隙落下，大于筛孔的颗粒留在筛面上继续向前运动，并落入破碎机，以达到筛分的目的。The working principle of the roller screen is: the motor after gearbox drives screen shafts lined in parallel. all shafts driven in chains rotate simultaneously with the same direction and make the materials move forward along the screen surface and blend, the materials granularity lower than the screen hole clearance will fall down under the function of gravity and screen shaft rotating force and the granularity bigger than the screen hole will be left on the screen surface and continue moving forward until falling into the coal crusher, finally, the screening requirements will be met.。7 静电除尘器7.1 静电除尘器的概述 DCY型系列小型高压静电除雾除尘器采用了如大功率恒流脉冲电源、单电源变电子发射技术等一系列高精尖技术，具有除尘效率高，稳定性好、耗电省、阴极免震打、维护少、抗结露、噪声小、连续稳定运行等优点，相对布袋除尘器经常需要更换布袋，维护工作量大以及水浴除尘器设施庞大、煤尘回收麻烦来说，本装置具有显著的优点。DCY series small-size high voltage electrostatic demister and precipitator adopts a series of advanced technologies like large-power constant-current pulse power supply, single power supply variable electron emitting technology. It features high dust removal efficiency, well stability, low power consumption, rapping-free cathode, less maintenance, anti-dewing, low noise level as well as continuous and stable operation. This device has striking advantages, compared with bag-type dust removers where bags often needed to be replaced and workload on maintenance is large and with water bath deduster where the facility is large and it is inconvenient to retrieve coal dust. 7.2 静电除尘器的工作原理 DCY系列小型高压静电除尘器的控制由控制箱，整流器之间电压、电流反馈系统构成闭环自动调节系统，调节系统直接控制除尘器对粉尘的自动除尘处理。DCY series small-size high voltage electrostatic precipitator is controlled by a closed-loop automatic regulation system composed of control box and voltage or current feedback system between rectifiers. This regulation system can directly control automatic dust removal by the ESP. 硅高压整流器的作用是将输入可控电压进行升压、整流，向电场输送直流高压。Silicon high-voltage rectifier is mainly used to increase and rectify the input controllable voltage and then transmits high DC voltage to the electric field. 除尘器本体为立式蜂窝方管道结构，多个并列的方管道为收尘极，方管道中心为电晕线在电除尘器本体的阳极板（收尘极）和阴极线（电晕线）间施加负高压直流电压时，便在阳极板和阴极线间产生一种不均匀高压电场，当施加电压足够时，阴极线附近产生电晕放电，形成大量的电子和正负离子，当含尘烟气通过电场时，粉尘吸附离子或电子而荷电，荷电粉尘在电场力作用下，向异极移动，到达收尘极板（阳极板）的粉尘在电场力和粉尘粘力的作用下沉积在其上面，并向极板释放其电荷，收尘极板上的粉尘达到一定厚度时，通过定时振打阳极板的方式或粉尘堆积后的自重自动剥离落于集灰斗内，经电动液压锁气门自动排出。库顶式电除尘器无集灰斗，其收集粉尘直接落于煤仓内。上述过程不断进行，达到净化烟气的目的。ESP body is vertical cellular structure made of square pipes. Several parallel square pipes form the dust collecting electrode. The center of the square pipe is corona wire. When negative high DC voltage is applied between anode plate (dust collecting electrode) and cathode wire (corona wire) of ESP body, an uneven high-voltage electric field occurs between anode plate and cathode wire. When voltage applied is sufficient, corona discharge occurs near the cathode wire to generate a large amount of electrons and cations and anions. When the dusty gas passes through the electric field, dust is charged due to adsorbing ions or electrons. The charged dust moves to the opposite electrode under the action of electric field force. Dust arriving at the dust collecting plate (anode plate) deposits on it under the action of electric force and dust cohesive force and releases its charges to the plate. When dust on the dust collecting plate reaches a certain thickness, it will automatically fall into the dust hopper through regular rapping at anode plate or by its weight after accumulation. Then it will be discharged automatically through electric hydraulic lock valve. Roof type ESP has no dust hopper and collected dust directly falls into the coal bunker. The above processes are repeated consistently to purify the gas. 8 带式输送机8.1 带式输送机设备的概述本输煤系统由11条带式输送机组成，本系统每条胶带输送机包括胶带、托辊、滚筒、驱动装置、张紧装置、胶带清扫器、溜槽、导料槽、支架等以及必要的安全保护、防护设施。煤流途径除铁器、三通挡板、滚轴筛、碎煤机、盘式除铁器、入炉煤取样、入炉煤皮带秤、犁式卸料器、及静电除尘器。8.2 带式输送机设备的工作原理带式输送机又称胶带运输机,其主要部件是输送带, ,输送带兼作牵引机构和承载机构.带式输送机组成及工作原理,它主要包括一下几个部分:输送带 、托辊及中间架、滚筒拉紧装置、制动装置、清扫装置和卸料装置等.输送带绕经传动滚筒和机尾换向滚筒形成一个无极的环形带.输送带的上、下两部分都支承在托辊上.拉紧装置给输送带以正常运转所需要的拉紧力.工作时,传动滚筒通过它和输送带之间的摩擦力带动输送带运行.物料从装载点装到输送带上,形成连续运动的物流,在卸载点