状语从句学生版.doc

状语从句分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 1. 时间状语从句1. 由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Will you watch my clothes while I have a shower. 我洗澡的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长一边谈一边笑。 （1.）when, while和as的区别when（1）When既可以引导一个持续动词，又可以引导一个短暂动词。When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）It was eight oclock when he came back.eight oclock 时间点（2）when可以作并列连词，表“在那时”was/were doingwhenwas/were about to dowhenwas/were on the point of doingwhenhad donewhen I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate.他刚要走，有人敲门。They were about to leave home when it suddenly began to rain.They were on the point of leaving home when it suddenly began to rain. She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. (3) when 还可以表示“既然”Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already.既然你已经有了这么好的工作，为什么还要找新的工作。while（1）While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比） （2）while还可以表示“虽然，尽管”相当于althoughWhile I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.As表示“一边一边”；还可以表示“随着”We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”） As time passed, things seemed to get worse. 随着时间推移，情况越来越糟。2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。It is +一段时间+before表示：过了多久才It was a long time before I went to sleep again. 过了很长时间我才睡着。 It was an hour before the police arrived. 过了一个小时，警察才来。It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时） 3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。用until 时，主句动作终止；用notuntil 时，主句动作才开始。I didnt go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。4.由since引导的时间状语从句。since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。在It is +一段时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you?自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.由as soon as, immediately, directly，instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引导的时间状语从句。都表示“一就”。I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 【注意】hardly(scarcely) when / no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。当hardly, scarcely,和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon, than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。 Hardly had the girl rung the bell when the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。 Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I think that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。 2. 地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型。由连词where和复合关系词wherever (=no matter where )引导. 句型1： Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里的人民得解放。句型2：Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句+主句。 Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。 1.Where there is a will , there is a way. 有志者事竟成。(谚语) 2.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire. 无风不起浪。(谚语) 状语从句和定语从句的区别 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (介词) +先行词+where = where3. 条件状语从句If，unless （ if not ), when as long as; so long as只要 in case on (the) condition that If only 但愿；用虚拟语气 only if 只要 Suppose/ supposing (that) Providing/ Provided that Imagine that On the assumption that Given that(假定，考虑到) As/So far as I know, 祈使句 ( 名词短语）, + and/or +How can you expect to learn _when_ you never listen?If only I _had followed_ your advice then. Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.Providing that we _ran out of_(run) out of gas, what should we do？ You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 只要你坚持下去一定会成功的。Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 如果没有反对，我们就在这儿开会。4.原因状语从句 Because/ as; in that For 不能放句首 Since/ now that 说话者双方都知道的原因 Seeing that; 鉴于；考虑到 considering that 考虑到；因为 for fear that唯恐John did quite well in his exams considering that how little he studied. Shut the window for fear that it may rain.（唯恐） 要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导 1.I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。 2. Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧. 3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜. 4. I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她. as和for的区别： 通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后，补充说明。 As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句） I stay at home, for the weather is cold. 5. 目的状语从句 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, sothat , in order that 引导。 目的状语从句中必须要有情态助动词so that( can, could, may; might; will; would)in order that( can, could, may; might; will; would)1. so that 以便 Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的) 我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。 I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的) 我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。2. in order that=so that:为了 We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can make your arrangements. 不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的) 特殊引导词： in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.老师提高嗓门，以便让后排的学生听得更清楚些。6. 结果状语从句结果状语从句由连词( so )that, sothat, suchthat引导。1. sothat 如此以至于 The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited. 科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。 He always studied so hard that he made great progress. 他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。 2. suchthat 如此以至 It s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。 1Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over. 我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块. 2There are so few notebooks that I cant give you any. 笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你. 3. It is such nice weather that Id like to take a walk. 天气是如此之好,以至于我想去散散步. 4. Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him. 麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他 7. 让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),whereas/while 然而( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever He earns 8000 a year whereas she gets at least 20000. 他一年挣8000英镑而她至少可获20000英镑Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. 即使天气不好，老人也喜欢游泳。No matter how hard she tried, she could not change his mind. 不管她怎么尝试，都不能改变他的主意。although, though 辨析 although 不能像though 那样用作副词, 放在句末。 He promised to arrive early. He has not turned up till now, though. He looks easy-going. He never listens to others, though. 表示强调时要用even though. 1. He is looking fit, though. 但是,他看上去很健康.2. Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling. 尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。 3. He is quite experienced, he is young, though. 尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然他是个小孩，他知道什么是正确的事要做。 Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。8. 比较状语从句The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. 越锻炼身体越健康。Food to men is what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。1. asas 和一样 Jack is as tall as Bob. 捷克和汤姆一样高。 2. not so(as)as 和不一样 She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister. 她不