CentOS 7入门操作基础教程.doc

安装完CentOS 7 minimal后，无力吐槽，变化之大，发现以前常用的一些命令都没有。一、常用命令安装查看anaconda-ks.cfg，原来是没装base group的包rootcentos7 # cat anaconda-ks.cfg #version=RHEL7# System authorization informationauth -enableshadow -passalgo=sha512# Use CDROM installation mediacdrom# Run the Setup Agent on first bootfirstboot -enableignoredisk -only-use=sda# Keyboard layoutskeyboard -vckeymap=us -xlayouts=us# System languagelang en_US.UTF-8 -addsupport=zh_CN.UTF-8# Network informationnetwork -bootproto=dhcp -device=eno16777736 -onboot=off -ipv6=autonetwork -hostname=localhost.localdomain# Root passwordrootpw -iscrypted $6$Zz5VMf1HPPRm0YRL$QSoaU9pAUApXMj9BXuK5qlUFGAfCv9Y/ylVGUcDYv.lrxfNodTiI/7DO1UR7carvL1EdgwQpuiwDt524f6.GR.# System timezonetimezone Asia/Chongqing -isUtc -nontp# System bootloader configurationbootloader -location=mbr -boot-drive=sdaautopart -type=lvm# Partition clearing informationclearpart -none -initlabel %packagescore # 这里只有core%endrootcentos7 # yum groupinstall base # 安装完后ifconfig、service、chkconfig等命令就都有了二、运行级别切换rootcentos7 # cat /etc/inittab # 系统运行级别的设置方式也变化了# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target# systemd uses targets instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5# To set a default target, run:# ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target这里写的很明白了，做个软链修改默认运行级别rootcentos7 system# ll /lib/systemd/system/runlevel*.target # 系统0-6 7个运行级别，2 3 4 运行指向同一个文件lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target - poweroff.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target - rescue.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target - multi-user.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target - multi-user.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target - multi-user.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target - graphical.targetlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Oct 11 03:51 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target - reboot.target三、systemctl管理系统服务systemctl可以看作是service和chkconfig的组合jobchkconfig、servicesystemctl服务开机自启动chkconfig -level 3 httpd onsystemctl enable httpd服务不开机自启动chkconfig -level 3 httpd offsystemctl disable httpd服务状态service httpd statussystemctl status httpd(服务详细信息)systemctl is-active httpd(只显示是否active)所有服务的启动状态chkconfig -listsystemctl list-units -type=service启动服务service httpd startsystemctl start httpd停止服务service httpd stopsystemctl stop httpd重启服务service httpd restartsystemctl restart httpdcentos 7之前的