采矿工程专业单词表01.docx

绪论oo mine n. 矿山，矿井。 v. 采矿o mining n.采矿，采矿业，采掘行业o mineral n. 矿物o mine development 矿井开拓o mine planning 矿井设计o mine operation 矿井作业o mine closure 矿井关闭o mine reclamation 矿区恢复治理o ore n. 矿石o gangue n. 夹石，夹矸 n. 脉石 o waste n. 废石o mineral deposit 矿床o metallic ore 金属矿石o nonmetallic mineral 非金属矿物o coal 煤o petroleum 石油o natural gas 天然气o ground control 岩层控制o ventilation 通风o haulage 运输o hoisting 提升o rock breakage 破岩o surrounding rock mass 围岩，周围岩层o Dynamite 炸药o Dark Ages 黑暗时代(欧洲史上约公元476-1000年)，欧洲中世纪o prospecting 勘探，探矿o exploration 勘探，探测o development 开拓o exploitation 开采o reclamation reklmen 恢复治理，复垦o colliery kljri n. 矿井，煤矿o surface mining 露天开采o shaft 井筒，立井o slope 斜井o adit 平硐o open pit mining 基坑式露天开采 井，煤矿o open cast mining (strip mining) 倒堆式露天开采o stripe 条带 o stripe mining 条带开采o aqueous mining method eikwis 水采方法o underground mining 地下开采o unsupported mining 空场法/无支护法o supported mining 有支护法o caving mining 垮落法/崩落法o unit operations 单元作业；工序o production operation 生产工序，主要工序o materials handling 物料搬运o drill 钻眼o blast 爆破o load 装载 o unload，dump，卸载o haul 运输o auxiliary operation 辅助工序o roof support 顶板支护o ventilation and air-conditioning 通风和空气调节o power supply 供电o pumping；drainage 排水o maintenance 设备维护o communication 通讯o lighting 照明o delivery of compressed air, water 供水和压缩空气o supplies to the working sections 其它材料供应o provide slope stability 保持边坡稳定o waste disposal 废物处理o supply of material 材料供应1.1 Earth crust and stratao heavenly body 天体 o atmosphere 大气层 o hydrosphere 水圈o lithosphere岩石圈 o earth core地核 o earth mantle地幔 o crust地壳 o geologic function; geologic process地质作用o geologic process from the external force外力地质作用o geologic process from the internal force内力地质作用o metamorphic process变质作用o weathering风化作用o mechanical weathering物理风化o chemical weathering化学风化o disintegration剥蚀，剥蚀作用o decay 侵蚀、腐蚀o 侵蚀 erosiono 搬运作用 transportation o 沉积作用 deposition, sedimentationo 成岩作用lithogenesiso 岩石 rocko 土 soilo 矿物 mineralo 火成岩igneous rocko 沉积岩sedimentary rocko 变质岩metamorphic rocko 喷出岩 extruded rock o 侵入岩intrusive rock o 花岗岩 graniteo 玄武岩basalto 斑岩porphyryo 石英 quartzo 长石feldspar o 云母 micao 砂岩 sandstone o 粉砂岩 siltstone o 细砂岩 packsando 粗砂岩 gritrock o 砂质泥岩 sandy mudstoneo 页岩 shaleo 石灰岩limestoneo 泥 mudstoneo 地层、岩层 stratum (pl) Stratao 大理marbleo 板岩 slateo 石英岩quartziteo gneiss1.2 Origin of Coalo fossil n. 化石。plant fossil o peat n. 泥炭o lignite n.褐煤 = brown coalo bituminous coal 烟煤o semianthracite n. 半无烟煤o anthracite n. 无烟煤o meta-anthracite 变质无烟煤o graphite n. 石墨o soft coal 软煤，烟煤o hard coal 硬煤o fern n.蕨类植物 ferny adj. 蕨类的o moss n. 苔藓o volatile adj. 易挥发的，n.挥发物o volatilize v. 使挥发o devolatilize v. 除去挥发成分o swamp n. 沼泽o incoalation n .煤化作用,成煤作用o bacteria n.细菌o carbon n.碳o carboniferous adj. 含碳的o vegetation n. 植被，植物o accumulate v.积聚, 堆积 accumulationo overlay vt. 在上盖o erode v. 侵蚀，腐蚀 n. erosiono 含煤地层 coal-bearing sequenceo EraPeriodEpoch （代纪世）o Erathem SystemSeries（界系统）o Quaternary adj. 第四纪的o Tertiary adj. 第三纪的o Cretaceous adj. 白垩纪的o Jurassic adj. 侏罗纪的o Triassic adj. 三叠纪的o Permian adj. 二叠纪的o Carboniferous adj. 石炭纪的o Devonian adj. 泥盆纪的o Silurian adj. 志留纪的o Ordovician adj. 奥陶纪的o Cambrian adj. 寒武纪的o Sinian adj. 震旦纪的1.3 Geologic Exploration of Coalo 勘探，n. explorationexplore, v. 勘探o 开采 n. exploitationexploit, v. 回采o 煤田 coalfieldo 井田 mine fieldo 煤炭资源 coal resourceo 找煤 search for coal seamo outcropo 煤层 coal seamo 可采煤层 minable coal seamo 岩层 strata, rock seamo 周围岩层 surrounding stratao 煤的储coal reserveso 煤质 coal qualityo 开采条件mining conditiono 地质条件geologic conditiono 水文条件hydrologic conditiono 煤的赋存occurrence of coao 地质测geologic surveyo 探掘excavation investigationo 地球物理geophysical explorationo 钻探 drillingo development drilling 开拓钻孔o 标志层 marked bedo mine developme矿井开拓o property 矿产o Preliminary Investigation（初步调查 ）o Field Reconnaissance（野外普查）o Preliminary Exploration of Mining Area（矿区详查）o Detailed Exploration of Mine Fields（井田精查）1.4 Coal Reserveso 地质储geologic reserveso 工业储量industrial reserveso 可采储量recoverable reserveso 回采率/采出率recovery ratio/factor o 煤柱损失losses of coal pillaro 原地生成煤 In place coal o 原煤 raw coalo 精煤 clean coalo 杂质 impurityo 比重 specific gravityo 洗煤厂 preparation planto 连续开采法 continuous mining methodo 普通开采法 conventional mining methodo 长壁开采法 longwall mining methodo 短壁开采法 shortwall mining methodo 露天矿 surface mineo 井工矿井 deep mineo 1.5 Geological factors affecting coal mine productiono 煤层厚度 thickness of the coal seamo 有益厚度 profitable thicknesso 总厚度 total thicknesso 顶板roofo 底板flooro 上覆地层overlying stratao 下伏地层underlying stratao 薄、中厚、厚煤层thin，medium-thick，thick coal seamo 单一结构煤层 simple texture coal seam o 复杂结构煤层 complex texture coal seamo 夹矸 dirt bando 稳定、较稳定煤层、不稳定煤层、极不稳定煤层regular, comparatively regular, irregular, extremely irregular coal seamo 产状 attitudeo 走向 strikeo 倾向 dip o 倾角 dip angleo tilt v. 使倾斜o fold v. 折叠o fracture v.使破裂o unravel v. 解开，阐明；o compass n. 罗盘o clinometer n. 测斜仪o 地质构造 geological structureo 褶皱 foldo 背斜 upfoldo 向斜 downfoldo 断层 faulto 正断层 normal faulto 逆断层 reverse fault (trust fault)o 上盘 hanging wallo 下盘 footwallo 断层落差 fault throw/dropo 煤层分叉 split coalo 冲刷、冲蚀 washouto 矿脉 veino 岩墙 rock dike = rock dykeo clastic dike 碎屑状岩墙o roll 顶底板凸出o cleat 层理o concretion 结核o igneous intrusion 火成岩侵入体 2.1 Underground system designo cover n. 覆盖层。o impurity n. 杂质，夹矸。o cleavage n. 节理o strength n. 强度o hardness n. 硬度o immediate roof 直接顶o methane n. 甲烷，瓦斯 o blasting mining method 炮采 o conventional mechanized mining method 普采 o fully mechanized mining method 综采 o Element n.元素，单元。o Operation n.工序，作业。o Daily operation 日常工作o Single operation 单一工序o Unit n.单元，组合o Auxiliary a.辅助的，备有的，次要的o Cutting n. o Blasting o Loadingo Haul v. 运输，搬运o Ventilation n. 通风，通风装置，通风量，排风。o Ground n.地层，土壤o Drainage n.排水o Power n. 动力，功率o Communication n. 通讯，联络，传播o Lighting n. 照明，采光。o roadway excavation 巷道掘进o outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层；o crosscut 联络巷、石门；o outby 向外，外向（指从工作面向井筒方向）o drift n. 平硐o drive v. 掘进o entry n. 平巷，巷道o room n. 房，煤房o pillar n. 柱子，煤柱o room and pillar mining 房柱式开采o conventionally mining method 普通采矿法o continuous mining method 连续采矿法o bolt n. 锚杆；v.锚杆支护 bolter n. 锚杆机o continuous miner 连续采煤机o shuttle car 梭车o tram n.电车； v. 运搬o barrier pillar 边界煤柱o panel n. 盘区o bleeder entry 通风巷道；bloodbleedbleeder 泄水管o gob 采空区o longwall mining 长壁开采o shortwall mining 短壁开采o web n.截深o planer n. 刨煤机o shearer n.滚筒采煤机2.2 Mine preplanningo Inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。-In+adequacy(足够，适当)o Transportation facility 运输设备o Inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引起的-inflation n.胀大, 通货膨胀, (物价)暴涨-inflate v 膨胀，充气。o Inflationary process 通货膨胀过程o Drive up 抬高，提高o Drive into 掘进到o electromechanical adj. 机电的 Electro(电子的)+mechanical(机械的)o Electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业o Staff v. 雇用，聘用o Season v 适用，适应o Coordinate n. 坐标。v. （使）互相配合，（使）协调， 调整。o A multitude（n. 多数，多量） of 大量o Capital investment 基本建设投资o Foremost 最主要的，最重要的o Mt metric ton 公吨。o 453.5Mt = 500 million tons 0.907Mt = 1 million tono put into operation 投产，投入使用o The life of the property 矿产/井的使用年限。o For convenience 为了方便其见o Minability 可采性o Marketability 适销性，可销性o Option 买卖选择权,优先购买权o Enter upon 开始o Operating mine 生产矿井o Surface topography 地面地形，表面地形o Coalfield 煤田o Measure 层组o Coal-bearing measure含煤地层o Feature 特征；地貌。o structural feature 构造特征o surface improvement 地面上的改造o Tilled area 耕地o Reservoir 水库o Power line 电力线，输电线o Reservation n.保留地；自然保护区o on record n.留有记录的,记录在案的o Preliminary adj. 初步的，预备的，o Preferred 优先 选用的，首选的o Traverse 导线。o Traverse with compass 罗盘定位。o System surveying 系统测量o Sampling 采样o Have a bearing on 对有影响，与.有关o Available 有效的，可用的o Pricing schedule 定价方案o Preparation treatment 洗选加工o Selective adj.有选择性的,选择的o Master adj. 主要的，总的。o Prepare 准备，制定o A master plan of operation 总体生产计划。o Serve as 用作，作为，起到作用。o Basis 基础，根据，依据o Since 引导原因状语从句o Justify 调整，证明，证明是正确的，o Considerable adj. 相当大的，相当多的o Drilling pattern 钻孔布置，钻孔图式o Basic map 底图，基本地图o Log sheet 钻孔柱状图o Tabular adj. =tableo Tabular record 表格记录o Operating management经营管理部门，经营管理,作业管理阶层o Life expectancy 预期使用年限，使用寿命o Delivery of supplies 材料供应o Estimate of the cost 成本估计o Sales department 销售部门3 Mine Developmento coalfield n. 煤田o mine field n. 井田o divide v. 划分 o division n. 划分o mine production capacity （MPC） 矿井生产能力o mine service life 矿井服务年限o production scale of mine 井型o small mine 小型矿井o middle mine 中型矿井o large mine 大型矿井o huge mine 特大型矿井o strike n. 走向; dip n. 倾向; o dip angle 倾角o workable adj. 可采的 o workable reserve n. 可采储量o opening n. 通道，开口 o passageway n. 通道o mine opening n. 矿山井巷o shaft n. 立井o roadway n. 巷道o chamber n. 硐室o main shaft 主立井 o auxiliary shaft 副立井o air shaft 风井o blind shaft 暗立井o drawn shaft 溜井o chute n. 溜煤眼 u:t o adit n. 平硐 o drift n. 平硐o crosscut n. 联络巷；石门o coal crosscut 煤门 in-seam crosscuto entry n. 平巷 o haulage n. 运输o main haulage roadway 主要运输平巷o main return-air roadway 主要回风平巷o head entry 区段运输平巷 o tail entry 区段回风平巷o Slope n. 斜井o rise n. 上山 o dip n. 下山o rock rise 岩石上山 o coal rise 煤层上山 o coal haulage rise 运煤上山 o material transporting rise 运料上山o return-air rise 回风上山 o men-walking rise 行人上山o inclined roadway of a strip 分带斜巷o inclined coal haulage roadway of a strip 分带运煤斜巷o inclined material haulage roadway of a strip 分带运料斜巷o development roadway 开拓巷道o preparation roadway 准备巷道 o gateway 回采巷道o pit bottom 井底车场 o shaft bottom 井底车场o station n. 车场，车站o mining district station 采区车场o horizon n. 阶段 o level n. 水平o haulage level 运输水平 o return-air level 回风水平o mining level 开采水平o interval between levels 阶段垂高o mining district 采区 o panel n. 盘区o Sublevel n. 分段 o strip district n. 带区o inclined length 斜长 o strike length 走向长度o district sublevel 区段 o open-off cut n. 切眼o Coalface n. 采煤面 o working face工作面o production n. 生产；产量 o production system 生产系统o coal haulage system 运煤系统o ventilation n. 通风 o ventilation system通风系统o fresh air 新鲜风 o dirty air 乏风，污风o refuse n. 矸石o material and refuse transportation system 运料排矸系统o drain v. 排水 o drainage system 排水系统 o power supply system (electric power, compressed air) 动力供应（电、压风）o communication and monitoring system 通讯、监测系统o drive v. 掘进 o excavate v. 开挖，开掘o hoist v. 提升 o winch n. 绞车o Car dump 翻笼硐室o Coal bunker 煤仓o Skip loader 箕斗装载硐室o Inclined roadway 清理井底撒煤斜巷o (2) Chambers of auxiliary shaft systemo Central substation 中央变电所o Pump station 水泵房o Sump 水仓o Waiting room 等候室o (3) other chambers: dispatch room调度室,人车停车场，电机车修理车间。 o (1) chambers of mine shaft system主井系统的硐室：o unloading station for Drop-bottom Car(底卸式矿车卸载站)、o Turn-over-cage unloading station(翻笼卸载站)、o Pit-bottom Coal Bunker chamber(井底煤仓硐室)、o skip loading chamber(箕斗装载硐室)o chambers of Auxiliary shaft system副井系统硐室：o ingate(马头门)、underground central substation o room(中央变电所)、o main pumping room(水泵房)、o drain sump(水仓)、o pit-bottom waiting room(等候室)、o signal room(信号室)o other chambers其他硐室：o Pit-bottom dispatching room(调度室)、o underground locomotive repair room(机车库及修理间)、o magazine(爆破材料库)、o tools room(工具室)4 Introduction of Mining Methodo 工作面：working face； o 采煤工作面：coalfaceo 切眼：open-off cuto 区段平巷：panel entry o 工作面顺槽：gate entry o 区段运输巷：head gate， o 区段轨道巷：tail gateo 工作面运输巷（下顺槽）：head entryo 工作面回风巷（上顺槽）：tail entryo 区段回风巷：bleeder entry o 联络巷：crosscuto 采空区：gob / goaf o 端头：endo longwall mining on strike 走向长壁开采o mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前进式开采o mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式开采o inclined longwall mining 倾斜长壁开采o underhand mining 俯采o overhand mining 仰采o Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤机；o Shearer，滚筒采煤机 o Plow，planer 刨煤机o Face conveyor 工作面运输机o Pan line,”溜子” o Chain conveyor 链式运输机o Scraper chain conveyor 刮板输送机o Armored chain conveyor 铠装运输机o Roof support system：顶板支护系统o Friction prop 摩擦支柱 o Friction metal prop 金属摩擦支柱o Hydraulic prop 液压支柱o Single/Individual hydraulic prop 单体液压支柱o Hydraulic powered self-advanced support 液压自移式支架o Roof support 顶板支架o Match-up 配套：o （1）Conveyor as the track or guide of the shearer；o （2）pull supports by conveyor;o （3）push conveyor by support.o Other equipments in gate entrieso Stage loader：转载机o Panel belt conveyor 区段皮带运输机o Electrical control center 电力控制装置/设备o Hydraulic pump station 液压泵站o Belt feeder 胶带给料机o Crusher 破碎机o Wooden cribs 木垛o Permanent stopping 永久性风墙，密闭o Regulator 调节风窗o Check curtain 调节风帘o Intake air 进风o Return air 回风o Shuttle car route 梭车运行路线o 4.1 Introduction1）stope 采场 o 2）coal face 采煤工作面o 3）mining works/operations 回采工作 o 4）winning/mining technique 采煤工艺o 5）mining system 采煤系统o 6）mining method 采煤方法o Mining works “采煤作业”o Basic operations 基本工序：o Coal Breaking 破煤o Coal Loading 装煤o Coal Hauling 运煤o Auxiliary operations 辅助工序：o Roof support 工作面支护o Gob treatment 采空区处理o Auxiliary transportation 辅助运输, o ventilation通风, o drainage 排水,o power supply供电, o emulsion supply供液（乳化液）等。o 1 Dry mining 旱采o 1）Wall system壁式o （1）Full-seam 整层o I单一长壁 single longwallo i 走向长壁 longwall on strikeo ii 倾向长壁inclined longwallo II放顶煤 Sublevel cavingo III掩护支架 Shieldo （2）Slicing method分层o I倾斜分层 Inclined slicingo II水平分层 Horizontal slicingo III斜切分层Oblique slicingo IV水平分段放顶煤 horizontal sublevel cavingo 2）Pillar system柱式o （1）Room and pillar mining method 房柱式o （2）Room method 房式o 2 Hydraulic mining水采o 3 Underground liquefaction and gasification 地下液化和气化o ） Single longwall mining method in thin or middle thick coal seamso 薄及中厚煤层单一长壁采煤方法o Longwall on strike, longwall on the inclination 走向长壁，倾向长壁；o Roof caving 垮落法（自然垮落、强制放顶）、o packing 充填法、o pillar support刀柱式o 2） Slicing mining method in thick coal seams o 厚煤层分层开采的采煤方法o （1）gently inclined or inclined 缓斜、倾斜厚及特厚：o （2）steeply inclined 急倾斜厚煤层：o （3）steeply inclined coal seam with a huge thickness 急倾斜特厚煤层o 3） Full-seam mining method in thick coal seamso 厚煤层整层开采的采煤方法o Sublevel caving 放顶煤、o mining with large mining height大采高；o steeply inclined急倾斜厚煤层：o mining overhead 工作面俯斜布置；o Shield 掩护支架采煤法。o 4）mining technique 回采工艺：o blasting mining炮采、o conventionally mechanized mining普采、o fully mechanized mining综采。o Single longwall mining method薄及中厚煤层单一长壁采煤方法o Longwall on strike, longwall on the inclination走向长壁，倾向长壁；o Roof caving 垮落法（自然垮落、强制放顶）、o packing 充填法、o pillar support刀柱式o Slicing mining method in thick coal seams 厚煤层分层开采的采煤方法o gently inclined or inclined 缓斜、倾斜厚及特厚：o inclined slicing method with downward caving way 倾斜分层下行垮落；o inclined slicing method with upward packing way倾斜分层上行充填。o steeply inclined 急倾斜厚煤层：o 水平分层或斜切分层下行垮落；每个分层23mo steeply inclined coal seam with a huge thickness急倾斜特厚煤层o 水平分段放顶煤，类似水平分层，按一定厚度分段，分段底部采用水平分层的落煤方法，顶部采用放煤的方法。o Short coal face as the mark.短工作面为其主要标志o Class: Room, room and pillar柱式体系采煤法包括：房式采煤法、房柱式采煤法。o Coal mining process 采煤过程：o Driving rooms 掘煤房；o Driving crosscuts 掘联络巷；o Extracting coal pillars 回收煤柱；o Mining operations工艺：o Breaking-continuous miner 破：连续采煤机o Loading 装：连续采煤机o Hauling shuttle car or universal extensible conveyoro 运：梭车，万向接长机o Support bolting 支：锚杆支护，履带式液压支架o Gob treatment pillar supporting or caving 处：煤柱支撑或垮落法o 1）Coalface is short, number is great. The equipment of mining room and extracting pillar is the same.采煤工作面长度短，数目多，采房和回收煤柱设备合一；o （2）Ground pressure is weak, roof support and gob treatment is simple.矿山压力较弱，支护和处理采空区简单；o （3）the extracted coal is transported perpendicular to the coalface and the equipments can move by themselves, so they are flexible.o 采下的煤沿垂直于工作面的方向运出采场，采煤配套设备均能自行行走，灵活性强；o （4）ventilation condition is bad and the mining recovery rate is low.o 工作面通风条件差，采出率低。o Adaptable conditionso Thin or middle-thick coal seams with a small dip which are not buried deeplyo 埋藏较浅的近水平薄及中厚煤层。5 Ground pressure and controlo underground pressure 地层/矿山 压力 o Rock strata surrounding face：o overlying strata 上覆地层：o main roof 老顶，基本顶o immediate roof 直接顶o gob采空区-facerib（煤壁）o floor 底板o underlying strata 下伏地