英文写作中使用率最高的基本句式.doc

英文写作中使用率最高的基本句式 以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的12个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。 1表示原因1）There are three reasons for this2）The reasons for this are as follows3）The reason for this is obvious4）The reason for this is not far to seek5）The reason for this is that6）We have good reason to believe that例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life There are three reasons for this这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2表示好处1）It has the following advantages2）It does us a lot of good3）It benefits us quite a lot4）It is beneficial to us5）It is of great benefit to us例如：Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us3表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages2）It does us much harm3）It is harmful to us例如：However，everything divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sbto do sth2）We think it necessary to do sth3）It plays an important role in our life例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age5表示措施1）We should take some effective measures2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties3）We should do our utmost in doing sth4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it6表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications3）The computer has brought about many changes in education例如：Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins7表示事实、现状1）We cannot ignore the fact that2）No one can deny the fact that3）There is no denying the fact that4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in5）However，thats not the case例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment8表示比较1）Compared with A，B2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV3）There is a striking contrast between them例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly，they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise9表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）fromto2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，0003）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 200010表示看法1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth2）People have different opinions on this problem3）People take different views of（on）the question4）Some people believe thatOthers argue that例如：People have different attitudes towards failureSome believe that failure leads to successEvery failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavorHowever， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers再如：Do “lucky numbersreally bring good luck？Different people have different views on it注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。11表示结论1）In short，it can be said that 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that 例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。12套语1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us，3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campusThe reason for this is obviousNowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory towerAs college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campusOnly in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate再如：Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。1)如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达：Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。)2)如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达：The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。)3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.(注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。)4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达：It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(注：句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果)5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达：We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.(注：句中similar to与different from具有正反对比的关系和效果)2.排比英文中有时也使用排比句式，这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单调。例如，如“读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达：Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong.3.重复英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。1)如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达：Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.(注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now it the time to)2)如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达：We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success.)3)如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”，可以这样表达：I am convinced that we can succeed，and Iam convinced that we must succeed.(注：and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed)4)如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达：We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注：and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era.)4.倒装这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结构所限定的，没有自由选择的余地，只要运用需要倒装结构的句型就要采用倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。例如，如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5.转义转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。1)如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”，英文可为：What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词)2)如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”，英文可为：Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词)3)如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”，英文可为：I am reading Shakespeare.(注：此句采用换喻，换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名称，使用通过联想理解其含义，但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的)4)如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，英文可为：A hand is needed here.(注：此句采用提喻，提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人)5)如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”，英文可为：A great misfortune crept over the whole city.(注：此句采用拟人。拟人的特点是将事物人格化)6)如要表达“这种想法可真是伟大的愚蠢”，英文可为：This is really a great stupid idea.(注：此句采用反语。反语的特点是故意将话反说，具有讽刺意味)7)如要表达“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”，英文可为：I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.(注：此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为表现事物的特征故意夸大其词)写作常用句式精选一. There be 结构1. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying2. There is more entertainment in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming.3. Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatsoever.4. There were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work5. In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain6. There are so many of these paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without its being smashed by one7. There is much that we can learn from him today8. There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions9. There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.10. There is little sense in treating the child so severely. After all he is too young to know that he was doing wrong11. There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon.12. There were still situation in which I couldnt be certain my decision had been the right one13. Theres no right or wrong in the situation. Theres just luck.14. Theres no way to prepare for the next time-no intelligent response to a gun.15. Theres no way to stop the process of aging. In fact, we can only delay it.16. There are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise.17. There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow(起伏波动)18. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened.19. There can be no doubt that he is the right person for the job.20. There is no doubt that these measures will contribute to the solution of the problem21. Theres no doubt that Jim had more talent than anybody who ever played football.22. There is no substitute for practical experience23. There is urgent need to debate this issue openly24. There are two ways in which one can own a book25. There have been some small fluctuation in the past year,but by and large prices have remained stable.It 结构1. It is advisable to exercise patience in dealing with such complicated situation2. It is advisable to place important telephone numbers next to the phone in case of an emergency3. It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter.4. It is essential that the increase in production should be geared to the increase in public demand5. It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other6. It is thoughtless of some parents to allow their children to watch whatever program is on television7. It is incredible (不可思议)that he ate the big cake just in two bites8. It was obvious to everyone that the marriage would sooner or later end in separation if not divorce.9. It was clear that Dad could do no more than he was doing already10. It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more valuable than medicine11. It is certain that with determination and hard work you will succeed eventually12. It was quite apparent that both sides were making a great effort to win the prize13. It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even a fair education and extremely difficult ,as a result, for an Indian to rise high in life14. It is easy to size up (估计)the situation right now. For we are not well informed on recent developments15. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does.16. It is not wise to change your money into U.S. currency17. It is only recently that science has begun to give us some idea of how the brain really works18. It will take the council a few weeks to judge the situation before it takes any further action19. It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate20. It remains unknown whether there are intelligent beings outside the solar system21. It is reported that the electronic industry is going on rapidly in recent year22. It is reported that there has been a decrease in the annual birth rate over the last two decades.23. It seems to me that the Americans are a highly mobile people. Most of them like to travel whenever they get the chance24. It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her.25. It is an encouraging sign that peoples purchasing power is on the rise26. It is common knowledge that people benefit a lot from reading extensively27. It used to be a popular belief that we could foretell a persons future on the basis of the date and time of his birth.28. It pays in the long run (从长远地角度看)to introduce new technique29. It may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individuals happiness and sense of personal achievement.递进式结构1. Fresh vegetables are nutrious; furthermore, they are cheaper than frozen ones.2. We will not only bring joy into other peoples lives,but also added happiness into our own.3. But teaching offers something besides money and power:it offers love. Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas ,but also the love that teacher feels for his students4. They do not seem to like one another very much. Neither are they too keen on conventional people.(正统的人)主语从句结构1. What makes it rather disturbing isthe fact that the environment we are living in is going from bad to worse.2. What I remember then is not her failure, but her courage, the courage to go ahead.过渡句1. This is not necessarily the case, however.2. Good intentions alone are not enough3. But modern research has found that this is not so.4. What does this mean as far as the project hope is concerned?5. As far as I am concerned, some people are lucky while others seem marked by bad fortune.6. What is point of being rich?7. Yet there are advantages to rural life.表示重要性或必要性1. Its important to set aside time for relaxation,hobbies,and entertainment as well.2. Improved consumer confidence is extremely important to an economic recovery3. What is important in both stories that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.4. The ability to observe keenly and in detail is necessary for anyone who wishes to become a scientist.5. To find a solution to a conflict, it is often necessary to make some kind of compromise6. A harmonious atmosphere is essential(necessary /critical/indispensable)to successful reform7. It is essential that the increase in production should be geared to the increase in public demand.8. We should make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a solution to it.表示目的1. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject2. Believe it or not, her only purpose in saying all that is to help you help yourself3. Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of colleges and business4. The ultimate object of scientific inquiry is to discover the laws of nature.表示结果1. Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of health2. If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get confused.3. We have made numerous attempts to solve the problems,but so far our efforts have been unsuccessful.4. State financial support given in the form of scholarships has stimulated the students to greater efforts.5. The pressures of modern urban life have led to increased occurrences of alcoholism and drug abuse ,mental illness, suicide, and divorce in our society6. We note with satisfaction that all these activities have helped to promote mutual understanding and friendship between two peoples.7. The population is leveling off(处于平衡状态) in the area as a result of family planning.表示对比或比较1. Jobs and work do much than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment2. We are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more crucial psychogical well-being that can make the difference between a full and empty life.3. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings;it is the focus of their lives,the source of their identity and creativity.4. Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to reali