2017届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 24 Society 北师大版选修8.doc

Unit 24Society写得准用得活积得多1.accumulate v积累2.burden n. 重担，负担3.vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的4.diverse adj. 各种各样的5.resign vt.& vi. 辞职6.delete vt. 删除7.shrink vi. (使)收缩，缩小8.virtue n. 优点，长处9.undertake vt. 着手做，从事10.sentence n. 判决11.moreover adv. 再者，此外12.cast v. 投下13.preservation n维护，保存preserve vt.保存，保管14.edition n版，版本edit vt.编辑，校订editor n编辑，校订者15.voluntary adj.自愿的volunteer v自愿做 n志愿者16.abundant adj.大量的abundance n大量17.signature n签名sign v签名；打手势 n招牌；迹象；符号18.govern vt.统治，管理governor n统治者，总督government n政府19.adjustment n调整，调节adjust vt.调整，调节vi.使适应20.elect vt.选举，推选election n选举；当选；选择权21.merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的mercy n宽容，仁慈22.rot vt.& vi.腐烂；腐朽n.腐败rotten adj.腐烂的23.thirst n口渴thirsty adj.口渴的24.container n容器；集装箱contain vt.包含；装有；容纳；控制25.consequently adv.所以，因此consequent adj.作为结果的；必然的consequence n结果，后果用所给词的适当形式填空1.She was a bright and eager student and, consequently (consequent), did well in school.2.The wood was so rotten (rot) that you could put your finger through it.3.Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance (abundant) on the island.4.To adjust herself to the study abroad, she had to make some necessary adjustments to her habits.(adjustment)5.In the latest election,_Mary was elected chairwoman of the Student Union.(elect)6.The new governor is governing the state very well, which makes its government well received by people.(govern)7.If you are willing to do voluntary work, you can be a volunteer.(voluntary)8.Please give me a container. I want to use it to contain some water.(container)9.The paintings are in an excellent state of preservation. That is to say, they are well preserved.(preservation)10.She used to edit newspapers, and now she is the editor of a dictionary which is now in its sixth edition.(edition)11.Im really thirsty and only ice water can quench (解渴) my thirst. (thirst)1.ate结尾动词一览accumulate累积；积聚accelerate (使)加快advocate 提倡，主张allocate 分配 appreciate 欣赏；感激locate 使坐落于 2.由shrink想到的动词extend 延伸；伸出increase 增加enlarge 扩大；放大expand 扩大；膨胀decrease 减少reduce 减少3.“再者”过渡词集锦moreover 再者，此外furthermore 此外，而且besides 况且，再说in addition 此外whats more 更有甚者4.virtue相关词汇小结optimism 乐观faith 忠诚 modesty 谦虚bravery 勇敢，勇气 justice 正义 diligence 勤勉generosity 慷慨 5.under开头单词汇总undertake vt. 着手做，从事underclass n. 社会底层underdone adj. 未煮熟的undergo vt. 经历，经受underground adj. 地下的underline vt. 画线；强调underneath prep. 在底下undersea adj. 海底的写得准用得活积得多1.come_into_being形成，存在2.wind_sb.up 故意惹恼某人3.show_off 炫耀，夸耀4.knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然 遇到5.break_into_ 闯入；突然开始 (笑、唱等)6.on_principle_ 根据原则7.sentence_sb.to_death 判某人死刑8.be_well/better_off 过得好/过得更好9.take_.seriously_ 认真对待10.above_all 最重要的是；首先11.do_away_with 废除；摆脱，消灭12.to_start_with_ 首先13.play_an_important_role_in_._ 在中起重要 作用14.contribute_to_ 促进，有助于15.take_._into_account 考虑；注意；体谅16.keep_an_eye_on 注意，留意选用左栏短语填空1.One must take the audience into_account when making speeches.2.Honesty and hard work contribute_to success and happiness. 3.The driver lost control of his car and it knocked_into a tree. 4.Children should learn above_all how to observe good manners at table.5.Were amazed at the amazing news that he was_sentenced_to_death.6.They did_away_with those rules at those schools years ago.7.We must keep_an_eye_on the stranger who is looking back and forth all the time.8.The society today offers the young generation more chances to show_off their talent and skills.9.Do you know when the Great Wall came_into_being？10.As the Presidents car arrived, the crowd broke_into loud applause.1.do短语集汇do away with 废除；摆脱do harm to 对有害do justice to 公平对待do ones best 尽力do ones duty 尽职责do up ones hair 做头发do up 重新整修do without 不用2.“onn.”短语大全on principle 根据原则on average 平均on purpose 故意地on show/exhibition 在展出on sale 出售on business 出差3.聚焦eye短语keep an eye on 注意，留意have a good eye for 对有鉴赏眼光look sb.in the eye 直视(正视)某人catch ones eye 引起某人注意 背原句记句式会仿用1.Id rather you didnt mention that.我宁愿你没有提及那一点。would rather后跟从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。Id rather you hadnt_told him the news that day.2.What if some married people have affairs？要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？what if是连词词组，意为“要是怎么办”。要是林书豪缺席这场篮球赛会怎么样呢？What_if Jeremy Lin is absent from the basketball game？3.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。成本不断上涨，生意很难做成。Rising costs made_it_hard to carry on business.4.As a society, its high time that we took these issues more seriously.作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。Its high time that sb. should do/did sth.“到某人做某事的时候了”。到了我们采取措施保护自然资源的时候了。Its high time that we should_take/took_measures to preserve the natural resources.1abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的经典例句We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.(牛津P8)我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。(1)be abundant in富有；很丰富(2)abundance n. 丰富an abundance of 丰富的，许多的in abundance 大量；富裕South Africa is a developing country which is_abundant_in natural resources.南非是一个自然资源丰富的发展中国家。If you travel in the sea, you will see an_abundance_of marine creatures.如果你在海上旅行的话，会看到很多海洋生物。One quality the team possessed in abundance was fighting spirit.该队的一大特点是斗志昂扬。2burden n负担，重担 vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)教材原句Instead, they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.相反，它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分的钱拿出来支付贷款。(1)a burden on/to .是的负担bear/carry/reduce/share the burden 承受/担负/减少/分担重担take on the burden 承担责任(2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 装载；使负担be burdened with . 负重；为所累His invalid father is becoming a burden to/on him.他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。Why do you burden yourself with your sisters dog? 你何必自找麻烦为你姐姐的狗所累呢？Some parents complain that their children are_burdened_with heavy homework. 有些家长抱怨他们孩子的家庭作业繁重。3resign vt.&vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从教材原句His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.他的老板坚持要他更长时间地工作，所以他辞职了。resign ones job/post/position辞去工作/职位resign from 辞职resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从；使自己安于 (做)某事resign as . 辞去当的职务He is still on the board, but he resigned as chairman some months ago.他仍在董事会，但几个月前他辞去了董事长职务。Will you resign from the company if they ask you to?如果他们让你辞职，你会离开公司吗？The team refused to resign themselves to_defeat/being_defeated (defeat)该队不甘失败。4elect vt.选举，推选；选择高考佳句Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.(2015陕西高考书面表达)此外，我如此精通英语以至于被选为英语老师的助理。elect sb.to .选举某人进入elect sb.(as/to be) . 选举某人为elect to do sth. 选择做某事She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.她成为第一个被选入参议院的黑人妇女。Employees may elect to_take (take) their pensions in monthly payments or as single lump sum. 雇员可选择按月或一笔一次性领取的退休金。5undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应教材原句Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do . 着手做；答应做undertake that . 答应undertake for . 为负责I will undertake to_feed (feed) your dogs while you are away.你不在家时我答应替你喂狗。The sponsors undertake_that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.倡议者担保这项提案符合所有法律要求。Well undertake_for your security while you are visiting our country.当你访问我们国家时，我们将保证你的安全。写作联想例句其他表达方式The sponsors guarantee that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.The sponsors ensure that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.The sponsors make sure that the proposal meets all the legal requirements.6sentence n&vt.判决；宣判；判刑教材原句In the USA in the last 100 years, 23 men have been wrongly sentenced to death and there are doubts about 400 other cases.在美国，在过去的100年里，23人已被误判为死刑，还有另外400件案例遭质疑。(1)serve a sentence 服刑pass/give sentence on sb. 给某人判刑a death/life sentence 死刑/无期徒刑(2)sentence sb.to . 给某人判刑(常用被动 语态)be sentenced to death/three years in prison 被判死刑/三年徒刑The prisoner has_served_his_sentence and will be released tomorrow.犯人已服刑期满，明天将释放。The judge will pass/give_sentence_on the murderer tomorrow after looking at the report. 法官看完报告后明天会对凶手做出判决。Jack was sentenced to three years in prison for his part in the crime.杰克因参与犯罪活动被判处3年徒刑。.基础点全练(单句语法填空/完成句子)1Within three months of his election (elect) he was forced to resign.2The boss has undertaken to_pay_ (pay) the money back in a year.3The lake attracts an abundance of wildlife to spend winter there.4. You must resign yourself to waiting (wait) a bit longer.5Since we are parents, we bear the burden of looking after all the family members.6. He was fined 400 for breaking the advanced equipment.7. We will debate the subject at length later when we are at_leisure (悠闲)8He has no right to publish content, nor can he delete_anything_from (从删除任何内容) the live site.重难点多练1burden万花筒介词填空Too much homework is becoming a burden to/on students.Nowadays peasants are no longer burdened with heavy taxation.There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that Ill take on the burden.2sentence全方位(1)介、副词填空Tom was sentenced to ten years in prison for his guilt.The judge had difficulty in passing sentence on him.(2)一句多译这位市长被判处终身监禁。1 The judge sentenced the mayor to a life imprisonment.(sentence v)2 The mayor was_sentenced_to a life imprisonment.(sentence v)3 The judge gave/passed a life imprisonment sentence_on the mayor.(sentence n).阅读词汇专练1根据语境选出vacant的词性和词义Can you find out for me whether it has any vacant room for tomorrow？_B_He was a little man with a white vacant face._A_The professorship of zoology (动物学) is vacant and has been advertised._C_2根据语境选出cast的词性和词义He was cast as the most important role in the play._C_The cast of the play included a international star._D_She cast her eyes down to avoid direct eye contact._A_The storm cast the little rowboat (划艇) on the rocks._B_1come into being形成，存在教材原句If laws such as these came into being, a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要作巨大的调整，而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。come into existence开始存在，建立，产生come into effect/force 生效come into use 开始使用come into power 掌权come into sight/view 看见；进入视野come into fashion 开始流行When did the term of “newnew people” come_into_being/existence?“新新人类”一词是什么时候出现的呢？The new tax regulations came_into_effect/force last month.新税法是上个月生效的。The newlyelected president will come_into_power next month.新当选的总统下月开始执政。名师指津come into being为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态形式。2show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示教材原句Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value unlike in our society.没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值这与我们的社会不同。(1)show sb.(a)round/in/out领某人参观/进来/出去show up 出席，露面；暴露(2)(be) on show(be) on display 在展出We were waiting for him all the afternoon but he failed to show up.整个下午我们都在等他，可是他没有露面。She showed_me_(a)round and introduced me to everybody.她领着我四处看了看，并把我介绍给每个人。Quite a number of world famous paintings are_on_show in this exhibition. 有相当数量的世界名画在本次展览会上展出。3.knock into sb.撞上某人教材原句There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road!那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天差点撞上一个正在过马路的人！knock down/over撞倒；打倒；拆除knock at/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)knock out 撞出；敲击knock off 减价；中断，停止Jim was knocked_down/over by a bus, but not seriously hurt.吉姆被公共汽车撞倒了，但伤得不严重。Lets knock_off_the_work early and go to watch the football game.咱们早点收工去看足球赛吧。Please knock_on/at_the_door before you come in next time.下次在你进来之前请先敲门。名师指津knock into表示“撞上”时，相当于run into。4What_if some married people have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？What if .？意为“如果将怎么办？”可以看作What will happen if .？的省略形式；还可表示“即使又有什么关系”，看作是What does it matter if .的省略形式。What_if this plan of yours fails, what then?如果你的这个计划失败了，那又该怎么办？What if you cant make a panic buying the new car alarm today?如果你今天抢购不到新型汽车防盗器怎么办？5They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on peoples movements. 然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。(1)句中 是“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep an eye on peoples movements。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。(2)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。People in the West make it a rule to_buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方国家的人常在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物。We have made_him_our_monitor,_for he is more capable of dealing with tough issues.我们选他为班长，因为他更有能力处理棘手的问题。名师指津(1)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，当“独一无二的官衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。(2)在英语中，动词let, make, have, feel, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。.基础点全练1单句语法填空If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.If you want to do the job well, you had better take your own strengths and weaknesses into account.Dont take it seriously (serious) he was only teasing.Id rather you met (meet) her at the airport tomorrow morning.It is bad manners to show off your knowledge and cleverness in public.Its high time that we did/should_do (do) something to improve the situation.New means of transport make it possible to travel around cities within hours.What if it rained and then froze all through those months?2运用所学短语或句型完成片段To relieve the burden of the family and become better_off (更富裕) in the future, he volunteered to undertake the toughest task. Moreover, he has_abundant_work_experience (有丰富的工作经验), but he never showed_off (炫耀). Consequently, when a vacant post came_into_being (产生), he was_elected_(as/to_be) (被选为) vicepresident of the company. And in his address, he said that its_high_time_that (到了的时候了) the company should keep_an_eye_on (注意) the development of the staff.重难点多练1come 相关短语点点练用come的相关短语填空Computers have now come_into_use quite extensively in the teaching of foreign language.When does the new timetable come_into_effect/force?Many new instruments of production and technical processes first come_into_being in the laboratory.2. knock相关短语多棱镜介、副词填空When you knock into someone, its good manners to say “sorry”It is impolite to enter a room without knocking at/on the door.The workers are allowed to knock off the work early to watch the football match.课时练(一) 单元考点落实练和完形填空提能练一、单元考点落实练(练基础)(限时：40分钟).单词拼写1The boss was fined (罚款)for failing to complete the tax form.2It is reported that in some cities there are more vacant (未住人的) buildings than homeless people.3The girl is fond of accumulating (积累) new words in her English study.4The girl is only fifteen years old, but she has to be burdened (负担) with her family.5The famous model resigned (辞掉) her job because she married a rich businessman.6He was addicted to computer games in the net bar and picked up diverse (各种各样的) bad habits.7University professors both teach and undertake (从事) research.8Some people had no respect for the speed limit and consequently (因此) were punished.9The sun casts (投射) her beautiful shine on the building, which makes it more brilliant.10To his disappointment, his name has been deleted (删除) from the list.单句语法填空1He knocked his opponent down/over three times in the first round.2He has resigned from three of the many offices he held.3He undertook to_finish (finish) the difficult job by Friday.4Dont let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment; try again.5Increasing numbers of people elect to_work (work) from home nowadays.6He was sentenced to three years in prison because of family violence.7My girlfriend wants to see me today, but I would rather she came (come) tomorrow.8Could you do me a favour and keep an eye on my luggage?9Since everything develops, we have to make an adjustment to the changing situation.10What if we move the couch over there? Dont you think the room will look larger?11He spoke so clearly as to make himself understood (understand)12He likes to show off how well he speaks French everywhere.13Yu Fang insisted that she was (be) tired and was willing to stay the night but I insisted that she (should)_go (go) at once.14Its high time that we got/should_get (get) down to work.15She got off the bus, burdened (burden) with two heavy suitcases.单句改错1Burdened such a big family, he had to work hard all day long.Burdened_后加_with2With her elected the committee, we are more confident.elected_后加_to3I dont know when the Roman Empire came to being.tointo4We were shown on the Birds Nest by an elderly guide.onaround5New technologies have made this possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.thisit6He failed all his attempts and now he has to resign his fate.resign_后加_to7He was elected (as/to be) the chairman of the Student Union at school.去掉第一个the8We had to break in the house because we had lost the key.ininto9Jack has just bought another new car; he must be very good off.goodwell10. Id rather we have a rest now. havehad.课文缩写语法填空Many of us in developed societies are trapped in_ a spending circle. We work hard so that we can earn more money. When we have more money, we spend more and because we spend more, we have to work even harder. But strangely (strange) eno