2012暑假英语讲义 笔记整理.doc

2012暑假英语讲义 笔记整理 Copyright By Jie2012暑假英语讲义张培：Password:1234567890 PCopyright BY JiePart 1 写作Tips: 1、information2、integration teaching3、interactive词汇： 1、 搭配（动词和名词相关搭配最重要） 例如：Market 1）V+N develop the tap/exploit the 开发 Penetrate into the 渗透 Pour into/ flood into/ surge into the 涌入 Sweep into the 席卷 2）adj+N talent 人才市场 Domestic 国内市场 Overseas 海外市场 Illegal 非法市场 GDP：G = gross 总的 gross weight 总重（net weight 净重） 2、多样化表达 人：folks / character / figures Figure： keep ones figure 保持身材 Shape ones figure 塑造身材 3、一词多义 Late father 已故的父亲 heavy news 沉痛的新闻 heavy smokers 烟鬼 4、形象化用法 Take on the responsibility = shoulder / bear / assume 承担责任 shoulder the cost段落模式： 1、描写图像；2、阐述图画的深层内涵；3、评论，表达观点补充句式(p202):一、重要性、必要性、发表评论表达1、 1）sth is of intense important / significance for us to do sth （be of 句型） Intense / intensive 区别扩充：subtle difference 细微差异 Intense cold / competition 强度大 intensive care / reading 做事方式精细 2)sth matters much / sth counts much 翻译：合作对于我们共同抗击猪流感非常重要 Cooperation matters much to our joint fight against swine flu（猪流感）. Cooperation matters much for sb to do sth Cooperation matters much for us to curb / crack dowm（打击抑制）on pirated book【盗版图书】 Private / piracy 区分 protect ones private 保护隐私Cooperation matters much to ban / bar folks from smoking 禁止：ban / bar sb from prohibitfrom扩展：lobby V 游说 lobby for / lobby group Cooperation / corporation 合作/公司2、a great deal of + 不可数名词 a sea/host/ocean of +可数名词 翻译：许多老师担心兼职将会占据学生许多宝贵的时间，并对他们的学生产生负面的影响A sea of teachers worry about part-time job will occupy studentss much valuable time ，producing negative impacts on their studies.产生影响： generate / exert / produce (negative/ positive/favorable/unfavorable/adverse) impact on sb3、翻译：房屋短缺已经成为城市发展中的故障/问题之一 House shortage has become a urgent/ pressing headache in the process of / in the course of urban development / advancement. 句型：Sth have become a pressing headache in the course of urban advancement. Urban：urbanize V 城市化 urbanization N二、发表个人观点表达2、翻译：对于商业广告，我们持有不同的观点。As for / concerning / with regard to / with respect to / in terms of commercial ads，a host of characters/ individuals are divided / split.句型：with regard to / when it comes to sth, a host of figures are split.在我看来： In/ from my perspective/ standpoint / viewpointFor my part / personally / in my eyes三、描写现状表达2、翻译：如今，随着经济和社会的发展，跳槽非常普遍，特别是年轻人。 Nowadays， as the economy and society advance / evolves at an incredible speed，job-hopping is extremely / exceedingly widespread， especially for young adults.3、翻译：远程教育已经变得越来越流行。远程教育: distance / online education （OE） OE has become increasingly popular / OE has gained increasing popularity.四、分析原因7、翻译：在中国，有许多原因造成了考研热In the chinese mainland / landscape，there are a host of causes / driving forces contributing to / bringing about / leading to / giving birth to句型： there are a host of driving forces behind this prevalent trend. The primary reason behind it root in Root in：根源于 ，在于 breed；result in；thus；consequently；as a consequence；due to；owing to；oweto；attributeto；ascribeto；put down to=be down to；trigger；spark功能短语：besides；more importantly；so五、提出建议1、翻译：我们应该采取有效而及时的措施降低在中国城市中日益增长的交通事故的发生率。We should / are supposed to take effective and prompt【及时的】 moves /steps to lower /shrink incidence of increasing traffic accident inurbanchina.在中国城市：in urban china 在中国农村：in rural china被动语态：effective and prompt moves should be taken to do sth.2、翻译：幸运的是，我们政府已经做出了努力来解决网吧的管理问题。Fortunately，our government has made efforts to solve/resolve/address/deliver/tackle/fix the management of net cafe.共同努力：shared/joint every effort； Combine cooperation【anti-trust bill 反垄断法 software developer 软件开发者】Address：address the speech 发起演讲 address to sbMouse potato 沉溺网络中的人3、翻译：更多实际而灵活的政策应该被指定目的是鼓励企业创造更多的就业机会More practical and flexible policies should be established to/ aim to /in an effort to encourage enterprises/corporations/firms/businesses to creat more job/employment chances.Business/businesses 商业； 企业【补充】1、 我们应将努力抓住这个大好机会。We should strive to grasp / seize /grab golden chance2、 为了摆脱经济危机，中共政府正在采取措施来推动内需。In an effort to push economic crisis / the economy out of the red/crisis，central government is taking moves/ steps / measures /initiatives to boost domestic demands. Initialinitially【P214】举例示范 何为闪光点 Computer and I 1、I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present，which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that I indulged myself in googling an army of useful information I had expected, and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music. 1）Exceedingly=very ； thrilling=exciting2）Present：V present a tough threat/challenge/barrier/obstacle to sb 对构成威胁/挑战/障碍 【a tough threat 严重威胁】3）indulge oneself in 使沉溺于【无被动形式】4）google V 搜索5）an army of =a host of6）melodious 悦耳的 2、The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers.coincident with the advancement of science and technology，computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing numbers of individuals. It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them，in large measure！1）witness：见证 【扩充】over-worshipping/ adoring / admiring 过度崇拜2）coincident with 与一致 ； pour into 涌入 ； appeal to sb 吸引3）it is no exaggeration to say 毫不夸张的说3、for a start, we can ,freely,search desired information at any moment. Little by little, our knowledge will be enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. Additionally，we can get huge recreations online by chatting，playing games，or deliveringemail.1）for a start = to begin with = to start with2）little by little 逐渐的 Enrich knowledge 获取知识 gain /acquire skill 习得知识 Acquire【经】兼并；合并；收购 =merge；monopoly；combine3）sth is on the horizon 即将出现4、there is no denying that，however，computers can function in the disservice of human beings，in the way，especially the growing violence，*，AV-films emerging on the screen，which leads quiet a few net citizen to copying.1）there is no denying that 毋庸置疑的是 There is no doubt that 【undoubtedly；unquestionably；undeniably】 Sad to say 遗憾的说2）in the disservice of 对有害 In the way 在某种程度上 in the way 阻碍；妨碍Violent： adj Violent competition 激烈的 Domestic violence 家庭暴力 【domestic pet 家养的宠物】3）emerge：出现 Emerging nation 新兴国家=developing nation 【economy 经济体 可替代国家】 Undeveloped欠发展=less-developed 区分：engage：engage in 从事参与 engagement 订婚4）net user / net surfer 网民=net citizen5、As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds. Computers do play a positive role in the development of peoplelives，despite a slice of unfavorable impacts. We should，therefore，take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.1）as a classic proverb goes 古语有云2）play a positive role in 发挥积极作用3）facet=aspect； opposite有“不好的”意思4）reverse the trend/unfavorable trend 扭转不好的形势 Revise：修订；修改 revise edition 修订版 Renew：更新；图书馆 续借 Reveal：揭露；揭示 =disclose Revive：复苏【survive；survival】【范文】english-speech contest1、 活动目的；2、活动介绍（主题）；3、报名的相关事宜中文：亲爱的同学们，为了丰富我们的校园生活，激发我们学英语的热情。学生会已经决定再全校范围内举办一次英语演讲比赛。任何对本次活动感兴趣的人都可以参加本次活动，这次活动的主题是如何在数字时代接受挑战。你可以通过访问我们的网站在线报名，截止日期是2011-7-22。另外，我们已邀请一些重要的英语学着来充当我们的裁判，前六名将被授予奖励。对于进一步信息，请致电55555或浏览我们的网页英文：Dear students/ dear fellow students,In an effort to enrich our campus lives and stimulate / boost / motivate our passion for learning english. The student union has decided to hold / launch / stage / wage / mount english speech contest over / across / thoughout the school.Anyone taking an interest in it can take part in/ participate in/ get involved in / engage in this competition. Our contest is on the topic of how to embrace tough challenge / face；take；live up to challenge in digital times/ age/ era.You can sign up for / register it online by visiting us at www.*.com. The deadline is 2011-7-22.In addition / plus【此外】 we have invited some distinguished / prominent/outstanding english scholars to act as / serve as / function as our judges.The first six winners will be given rewards / grant【授予】sb sth 【deny sb sth 拒绝授予】.For further information，please call us at 55555， or browse / pay a visit to our website.1） 在校园内外 on and off campus2） 有做的热情 have passion for ； 弥补差距 bridge/ close the gap3） 全校范围：school-wide english speech contest4） Participant 参加者 ； servant 仆人； attendant 随从；applicant 申请者；5） Face up to 勇敢面对； live up to 不辜负，接受； surplus 盈余；deficit 赤字6） Information：信息数据 Share the information 分享信息； access the information 获取数据；access：gain access to/ inaccessiblerelease the information 公布信息=publicize the informationassess the information 评估信息模拟预测范文【P204】第一篇：In this cartoon，a patient named “disgrace”is being given intravenous injection.And the injection is exactly an antonym of “disgrace”-“honor”.“Honor”is used to cure “disgrace”.That illustrates how to promote the social harmony in the Middle Kingdom.1） name=be named after 以来命名2） inject/ infect inject money into the project 向注入= pump into finance： adj financial financial prospect =economic outlook 经济前景 infect：传染 infectious 传染性的 infectious disease 3） cure 治愈结果 ； treat 治疗过程4） illustrate + 结果 the survey /research / investigation demonstrate /reveal / display/ disclose /unfold / mirror5） social harmony：in harmony with ； harmony society 和谐社会6） in the Middle Kingdom = in chinaThe thought-provoking picture responds to the nation-wide moral campaign in full swing8 dos and 8 donts. CPC is shifting its focus to social harmony while still centering on economic development. We pressingly need to promote and uphold “socialist concept of honor and disgrace”. This concept is designed to lay the “moral and ideological foundations”for social harmony.1） thought-provoking 发人深省的 ； respond to 对做出反应，回应= react to2） in full swing 全力开展，进行 swing：摆动3） 各种标点符号：破折号：一个必须重点看，为强调； 两个补充，插入，可不看；引号；引用； 反语；冒号/ 分号： 重点看，解释说明。4） CPC： communist party of china5） Shift its focus to 将焦点转向 ； focus on 做名词，意为“焦点”Sth has become a social focus/ hot button，which sparks a wide and heated debate across the nation.6） center on =focus on =concentrate on7） pressingly need to 急迫需要； uphold 支持； 支持：for ； favor ； support ； back ；be in favor of ； be in supportive of ； Favor A over B 支持A 不支持B 【扩充】abandon： abandon oneself to Abandon A for B 放弃A 而选择B （for有支持的内涵）8） 社会主义荣辱观：socialist concept of honor and disgrace 全面发展： all-round development comprehensive development辨析：comprehend V 理解； Comprehensive： Adj 综合的，全面的； Comprehension： N 理解； Comprehensible： Adj 可以被理解的；9） be designed to 旨在，目的是the picture is designed to tell / alarm us that10） lay foundation for 为打下基础Under the slogan，everyone should highlight and adhere to these traditional cora values in china. We college students are urged to translate the concept into practice. As the pillar of future，we should concentrate on our academic pursuits at the present stage. We still devote ourselves to driving the rise of china in the not-too-distant future. Let us join our forces to achieve the far-reaching goalthe great revival of chinese nation.1） slogan /motto 标语 ； highlight= emphasize= stress 强调 重视，强调的表达： lay emphasis on； have respect for 【to为介词】attach importance to +V-ing Pay attention to / look forward to2） adhere to =stick to =obey =observe =comply（with ）=abide（by）=conform（to）+rules and regulations 【注意介词！】【补充】observe： 熟词僻义 观察遵守3） be urged to ；urge sb to do sth；4） translate the concept into practice 理论转化为实际 we ，college students， are supposed to take the leading role. 起模范带头作用5） as the pillar of future 作为未来的支柱6） devote oneself to= dedicate oneself todriving the rising of china 推动的崛起【rising：china is a rising power !】7） in the not-too-distant future 在不远的将来=in the days ahead = in the foreseeable future预见，预测：foresee； forecast ； anticipate ； predict 8） let us join our forces to do sth 携起手来做某事pollution-free 无污染9） 实现深远目标：achieve the far-reaching goal ；hit the far-reaching target深远：profound superficial肤浅的【扩充】artificial 人工的 Fake：与商品搭配 fake and inferior conducts 假冒伪劣商品 Inferiorsuperior + to False: 假牙 ； false news范文+例句一：In this picture，a lady in her golden years is holding a board which reads “please dont spit，litter，and jump the queue in public places!”In shape contrast，a young adult in his high teens or low twenties losing sight of the aged lady is spitting and throwing banana skins.开头句型：A vivid picture jumps into my sight when I take a look at this test paper.老年人： senior citizen ； the aged peopleClearly，the picture presented here carries more profound implications behind the surface. It mirrors a prevailing trend/ tide【趋势，现象】 raging【疯狂的】 across the chinese landscape：an army of uncivilized behaviors/ indecent acts have found their way into our lives. Put in another way，far too many folks behave indently in their daily lives.In my perspective，prompt and due【合适的，恰当的，适当的】 attention is supposed to be centered on this headache. As a college students on the point of stepping out into society，I should do all in my power to contribute to turning back 【=reverse 扭转】this evil trend.I am firmly convinced that a brighter-future is on the horizon/ awaking us. If folks from different corners of the nation drive joint effort to combat it.A couple of driving forces are behind the trend. To name only one：as an ancient land【中国】 enjoying a splendid civilization【灿烂文明】spanning over 5,000 years.The Middle Kingdom is witnessing the loss of some traditional core values. Because we dont place a high value on moral education.二、A (skinny) young adult is practising shooting. His shot has missed，but the coach smiles and tells him that is a nice shot.Clearly/ apparently，the thought-provoking picture is designed to emphasis /stress the importance of encouragement. Put in another way，it is widely accepted that encouragement is of supreme significance to one who has failed. It is beyond dispute that 【无可争论的】we should do all in our powers to encourage others. And only in this way，can we offer them great support and help them accomplish their goals. Take primary education as a concrete 【具体的例子】example：teacher should make their efforts to encourage their students，the students would become more confident.On my personal level，a host of teachers on the chinese landscape traditionally 【一般来说】dont place a high values on encouragement. They should do all in their powers to do this/ modify their conventional thought.【P220】应用文写作 1） 抱怨信：I am writing this letter to complain about/ complain to sbExpress= voice 表达 voice support for sb2） Vacation/ vocationVacation：假期，休假：vocation：职业职业：profession； career（人为职业生涯） Professional：adj 专业的 n 专业人士【扩展】chemical：adj 化学的；chemicals N 化学物品 house chemicals 家用化学物品 Multinational adj ；multinationals N 跨国公司/企业= multinational corporation Valuable adj；valuables：N 贵重物品 Particular：adj； particulars：N 备注3） take sth seriously 认真对待某事take sth into consideration/ account.Part2 完形Tips： 1、词汇辨析近义词，近形词、词组2、上下文逻辑关系并列，递进、转折让步3、基本语法常识4、固定搭配5、语义衔接【P7】1、上下文逻辑关系【2006】_the figure may vary，analysts do agree on another matter：that the number of the homeless isA）now that B）although C）provided D）except thatNow that：既然 ； provided： 即使，只要；although 正解 。表让步转折Vary：V N variety； Adj various= diverse 【N diversity； 使多种多样 diversify】 A variety of 训练：2） If a farmer wished to succeed，he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain _consuming all his grain immediately.A）other than B）as well as C）instead of D）more thanOther than：除了；instead of：对比概念 正解； Wide：widening 日益扩大； Rather than：而不是Succeed/ success/ successor【继任者】/ successive【连续的】/ succession【连续系列】A succession of = a range of / a series of4） the government is to ban payments to witness by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases _ the trail of rosemary west.A）as to B）for instance C）in particular D）such as正解：DBuy up；收买； trail= case【法】For instance / such as 【均为举例说明】For instance： 放句首，后加逗号；若放句中，前后都要加逗号，作为插入语；Such as：可放句中，不需加逗号Trail：【医】 clinical trail 临床试验Clinical case 临床病历 ； suspected case 疑似病历； confirmed case 确证病历Trivial：adj 细微的，琐碎的2、 基本语法常识【2001】concerns were raised（ _ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdict.）做concerns的同位语A）what B）when C）which D）that正解：DRaise：raise concern about=spark Raise in sth Raise ones child 抚养； Raise ones hand 举；抬； Raise funds for 为筹集资金 Raise the pet 饲养Verdict：判决； guiltyinnocent be innocent of 无罪的训练：5） the chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates _ a fail in death rates as a result of improvenments in medical care.A）and B）as C）but