牛津英语-8A-Unit8复习讲义.doc

八上 Unit8 Natural disasters 期末复习Unit8 复习讲义一、熟记Unit8四会单词二、熟记下列词形变化mop: (过去式) mopped (现在分词) mopping coach: (复数) coachescatch: (过去式) caught shake: (过去式) shook (现在分词) shaking silent: (近义词) quiet at last=in the end=finally safe: (副词)safely (名词) safety asleep: 睡着的(fall asleep) sleepy: 困倦的(feel sleepy) break: (过去式) broke (过去分词) broken nearly: (近义词) almostburn: (过去式) burned/burnt (过去分词) burned/burnt clear: (形容词) clear三、重点短语1. 自然灾害 natural disasters 2. 醒来，叫醒/叫醒我wake up/ wake me up3. 把水擦干净/把它擦干净mop up the water/ mop it up4. 输掉决赛lose final5. 成千上万的人遇害kill thousands of people6. 撞到一棵树上crash into a tree7. 冲走村庄wash away the village8. 引起一场大火/着火start a big fire/ catch fire/ be on fire9. 从掉/摔下来fall from-10. 一场电闪雷鸣的暴雨 a heavy storm with thunder and lightning11. 击中一座教学楼hit a classroom building12. 在凌晨in the early morning13. 感到一阵轻微的震动 feel a slight shake14. 听到雷鸣般的巨响hear a loud noise like thunder15. 就像地下的炸弹like bombs under the ground16. 惊恐地/害怕地尖叫scream in fear17. 尽力做某事try ones best to do sth18. 四面八方/朝相同方向in all directions/ in the same direction19. 玻璃碎片和砖头pieces of glass and bricks20. 掉下来, 倒塌fall down21. 感到紧张不安的/心跳加快feel nervous/ beat fast22. 一阵恐惧掠过脑海。A moment of fear goes through ones mind.23. 告诫自己要镇定下来tell myself to calm down24. 仍然活着be still alive25. 开始在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体start to pull myself slowly through the dark26. 找到出路find ones way out27. 激动的人群的叫喊声hear shouts from excited people28. 搬走砖块move away the bricks29. 看见某人在做某事 see sb doing sth 30. 在路边 on the side of the road31.（车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉 break down32. 跌倒，摔倒 fall over33. 尽可能 as as possible34. 遵守交通规则 follow traffic rules35. 交通事故 traffic accidents36. 听到风在吹 hear the wind blowing37. 车辆的噪音 the noise of traffic38 铲雪，除雪 clear the snow39. 从后面过来 come from behind40. 在厚厚的雪中 in the deep snow四、重点句子讲解1.Who will mop up the water if I go home without you? 假如我回家了，没有你谁把水拖干净呢？ mop作名词，意为“拖把”；作动词，意为“用拖把擦干净”。mop up意为“把拖干净”。它的宾语如果是代词，则代词必须放在up前。如：The floor is wet, Mop it up, Bill. 2. Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 一幢教学楼被闪电击中而着火了。 catch fire意为“着火”，强调动作；on fire也意为“着火”，强调状态。fire是不可数名词，只有作“火灾”讲时是可数名词。如： When did the house catch fire? 房子什么时候着的火？ Look! The house is on fire瞧！那房子着火了。 3At first，I felt a slight shake.起初，我感到一阵轻微的晃动。 shake作名词，意为“摇动，震动”；作动词，意为“摇动，震动；发抖”。如： Can I shake hands with you? 我可以与你握个手吗？ 4People screamed in fear.人们恐惧地尖叫着。 in fear意为“恐惧地”，相当于副词frightenedly。in fear of则意为“害怕，担心”。如：Were in fear of more snow.我们担心会再下雪。 5. Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down.外面，碎玻璃和碎砖块纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。 in all directions意为“四面八方”。direction是可数名词。如： You father walked in the direction of the post office你父亲朝邮局的方向走去了。6It was dark and silent around me在我周围是一片漆黑和寂静。(1) dark作形容词，意为“黑暗的；深色的”；作名词，意为“黑暗”。如： He has dark skin他的皮肤是黑色的。 A girl cant walk alone in the dark. 女孩子不可以单独在黑暗中行走。 (2) silent意为“寂静的；沉默的”它的名词是silence，多指不讲话；quiet意为“安静的”，指不弄出响声。如： We should keep quiet in the reading room. 在阅览室我们应保持安静。 7. I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me.我根本什么也看不到，我不知道我附近是否有其他人。 (1) not at all意为“根本不，一点也不”。 (2) else意为“别的，其他的”。它只能修饰不定代词和疑问代词，且必须后置，不能修饰名词。如，What else would you like? 你还想要其他什么吗？ 8.I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast.我感到紧张，我的心跳加快。 beat有两种意思： (1)意为：打，击，敲；冲击。如： He beat his brother for lying. 他因为他的兄弟说谎而揍他。 (2)意为：打败，胜过。与win区别：win和beat都可用作及物动词作“赢，战胜”讲时，其区别主要在于宾语的不同。win的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词，即race，match，game，competition，war，prize之类的词，beat的宾语则通常是比赛、竞争的对手，即人或球队的名词或代词。如： They won the match this time.这次比赛他们赢了。 We played very well, and we beat them. 我们发挥得很好，打败了他们。 9. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since l was still alive.我的脑中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我仍然活着。(1) mind作名词，意为“头脑；想法”；作动词，意为“介意，反对”，后接动名词作宾语。如：We changed our minds at last. 最后我们改变了主意。Do you mind my sitting here? 你介意我坐在这吗？(2) calm down意为“镇定，平静下来”，宾语如果是代词，则必须放在中间。如：We must calm him down now. 我们现在必须让他平静下来。(3) alive是live的形容词形式。但它只能作表语或宾语补足语，不可以作定语，与dead相对。如： He found himself still alive after the accident. Its lucky.他发现他自己在事故后还活着。真是幸运。 10. I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road我看到你和你父母正站在路边。(1) see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”。see sb. do sth.意为“看到某人做某事”，往往是经常的动作或动作的全过程用此句型。(2) on the side of the road意为“在路边”。 11. My dads car broke down because of the cold weather.我爸爸的车子因寒冷的天气而抛锚了。(1) break down意为“出故障，坏掉”。相当于be in trouble。如： Our car broke down on the highway. =Our car was in trouble on the highway. 我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。(2) because of意为“因为，由于”，后接短语作宾语，不能接从句because后可接原因状语从句。两者可替换。如： They arrived late because the road was frozen. =They arrived late because of the frozen road. 由于路面结冰他们迟到了。 12. He was ringing someone to come and help when you saw us.当你看到我们时他正在给人打电话叫人来帮忙。 ring sb.意为“给某人打电话”，后可加up，即ring sb. up，其同义词组有：give sb. a callring，telephone sb., call sb., make a telephone to sb. 13Try to get out as soon as possible.尽快逃出去。asas possible= asas one can/could意为“尽可能”。如： He ran as fast as he could他尽可能快地跑着。 14. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke用潮湿的毛巾捂住你的嘴和鼻子，以便保护你自己避免受到浓烟的伤害。(1) coverwith意为“用把盖上”。如： We covered the ground with grass. 我们用草把地面盖上。 (2) protect sb. from意为“保护某人免受的伤害”。如： We should protect ourselves from the fire. 我们应保护我们自己免受大火的伤害。 15. We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires，floods，earthquakes and.我们学了很多有关保护我们自身安全免受火灾、洪水、地震的伤害的知识。 keep.safe意为“保护安全”。from有”远离”之意。 16. Do you know what to do first when we burn ourselves? 当我们烧伤了我们自己，你知道首先应该做什么吗？ what to do是带有疑问词的不定式短语，在句中作know的宾语。如： I dont know when to leave. 我不知道何时应离开。 17I nearly fell over.我差点摔倒了。nearly意为“几乎，将近”。与almost意思接近。18. People were trying to clear the snow from the streets.人们正尽力把雪从街上清除。clear作形容词，意为“清晰的，透明的”，clearly是它的副词形式；作动词，意为“清除，打扫”。如： We should clear up the park. Its too dirty. 我们应把公园清扫干净。太脏了。五、语法1. 过去进行时：过去进行时的基本用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作(1) I was eating breakfast at 7.00 this morning. (2) Last night from 8:00 to 10:00 he was watching TV. 过去进行时的结构：主语+was/were +V-ing,后常跟表示过去的具体时间（段），如：at that time， this time yesterday，at 9.00 last night , at that moment, when I came home yesterday ，from7 to 10 this morning等。2.when,while和as的用法1. I was sleeping (long action) when the earthquake started (short action).2. While my parents were cooking in the kitchen (long action), I was doing my homework(long action).3. While /When/As I was doing my homework (long action), he came in (short action). 思考：1. 延续性动作，常用 过 去 进 行 时态， 瞬间性动作，常用 一般过去 时态。2. a. 当有两个延续性动作，我们用_(when/while/as) 连接。 b. 当延续性动作做主句时，我们用when(when/while/as) 连接。 c. 当瞬间性动作做主句是，我们用_(when/while/as) 连接。3. 一词多义： Tom is strong while John is weak. 意为 。 We recommend Tom as the new chairperson of the Students Union. 意为 。 I like green as it is the colour of nature. 意为 。A test for unit 8一、 单项选择( )1. _ is the weather like today? Its _. A. How; windy B. What; windy C. How; wind D. What; wind( )2. Last night I heard a noise _ thunder. A. as B. like C. so D. from( )3. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes C. minutes D. minutes( )4. The snowstorm killed _ people. A. over eight hundred of B. hundreds of C. more than eight hundreds D. eight hundreds( )5. 34. You must protect your baby _ fire.A. ofB. fromC. onD. for( )6. The headmaster _ the students to leave school early. A. made B. let C. ordered D. had( )7. You will find _ useful to learn even a little English. A. that B. it C. this D. they( )8. Which of the symbols means “per cent”? A. B. $ C. & D. %( )9. The traffic is so heavy! You should drive _.A. as fast as possible B. as slowly as possibleC. as more fast as possible D. as more slowly as possible ( )10. Shanghai is _the east of China. Japan is _the east of China. A. in; in B. at; on C. in; to D. at; to ( )11. There _ a large number of students in our school. The number of the students _ over three thousand. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is ( )12. I dont know if Tom _ here tomorrow. If he _, Ill tell you. A. comes; comes B. will com; comes C. comes; will come D. will come; will come ( )13. The teacher told me _when I left the classroom. A. lock the door B. to lock the door C. to knock at the door D. knock at the door( )14. The wetland can _ food and shelter _ plants and animals, including different kinds of birds. A. provide; for B. provide; with C. make; for D. provides; for ( )15. When I was working on a Maths problem, a good idea went _my head. A. over B. in C. about D. through二、完形填空We cannot stop earthquakes, but we can do things to make sure they do not destroy (破坏) whole cities. First, it is not a _1_ idea to build houses along the lines where_ 2_of the earths plates join together. Second, if you think there _3_ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rock, not on _4_. Third, you must make the houses as _5_ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may _6_. Scientists are _7_ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco. They call it “The Big One”. But people today are still building more _8_. The population in and around San Francisco _9_ is ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that _10_ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed. （ ）1. A. bad B. good C. poor D. new （ ）2. A. one B. most C. two D. none （ ）3. A. may B. should C. cant D. wont （ ）4. A. sea B. land C. space D. sand （ ）5. A. high B. big C. strong D. low （ ）6. A. keep up B. set up C. stay up D. grow up （ ）7. A. sorry B. pleased C. afraid D. wondering （ ）8. A. walls B. stories C. cities D. houses （ ）9. A. now B. still C. always D. never （ ）10. A. before B. if C. or D. until三、 阅读理解Many animals do strange things before an earthquake. This news may be important. Earthquakes can kill people and knock down homes. The animals may help to save lives.Some animals make a lot of noise before an earthquake. Farmers have told about this. Dogs that are usually quiet have started to bark(吠). Horses on farms have run around in circles. Mice have left their holes and run away. Cows have given less milk.In a town in Italy, cats raced down the street in a group. That happened only a few hours before an earthquake. In San Francisco, a man kept tiny pet frogs. One Sunday, the frogs jumped around more than ever. They made loud noises, like bigger frogs. That night, an earthquake struck the city.People want to know when an earthquake is coming. Then they could get away safely. Right now, there is no sure way to know ahead of time. Maybe the best idea is watching the animals.( )1. This passage is mainly about _. A. how animals act before an earthquake B. how an earthquake startsC. how mice leave their homes D. how animals live every day( )2. Before the earthquake in Italy, quiet dogs _.A. ran away B. started to bark C. climbed trees D. jump into the water( )3. Before the earthquake in Italy, the frogs _.A. sang B. jumped into the waterC. died D. jumped around a lot( )4. There have been earthquakes in _.A. most countries B. England, FranceC. Italy and San FranciscoD. Chicago and Spain( )5. People want to _.A. be in earthquakeB. find out early about an earthquakeC. run around in circlesD. follow the animals to run quickly词汇四、词汇A. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子1. The animals ran in all (方向) when they heard the big noise.2. White snow _(覆盖)the land and everything looks white and clean.3. His car _ (猛撞) into a tree, so he called 120 for help.4. In 1976, a terrible e happened in Tangshan in China.5. Taking a short rest at noon is good for your body and m_.B用所给词的适当形式填空honest important angry wild nature1. I hope this information will help you understand the _ (important) of study. 2. Animals ran _ (wild) everywhere3. Milk is the _ (nature) food for young babies. 4.He always tells lies to me. I think he is a _ (honest)boy, so I cant believe him. 5. It was very clear that he was very angry because he looked at me _ . C. 用所给动词的适当时态填空walk share wake wash break71. The old computer _ down easily, so I had to restart it again and again.72. He _ along the street when the UFO arrived.73. I _ an umbrella with Millie yesterday.74. My mother was cooking when I _ up