英语单项知识的解与练习(75).docx

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（75）371. commit的用法commit (v)委托、犯罪、干坏事； commitment (n)委托事项、许诺、承担义务；例句：Theycommittedoutrages on innocent citizens.他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行。Hecommittedsuicide rather than sell out to the enemy.他宁愿自杀而没有向敌人投降。He didntcommithimself to anything.他没有作任何承诺。The girl wascommittedto the care of an aunt.这女孩被交给姨母照顾。短语：commit a mistake/ an error犯错误；commit a prisoner for trial把犯人交付审判；commit sb to do/ to doing sth责成某人做某事；commit oneself to the cause of revolution献身于革命事业；commit sth to memory把某事记住；commit oneself on sth公开表明自己的意见；commit a crime犯罪；commit a suicide自杀；commit unconsciously无意识地犯罪；commit oneself to a promise使自己坚守诺言；commit sb to the care of把托给照顾；commit sb to prison关进监狱；用法：commit的宾语后接介词to，表示“交付、托付、投入”。如：I commit my son to you. 后接反身代词，表示“明确采取”一种态度或路线，常有“一经确定不能走回头路”的意思。如：He refused to commit himself to a plain “yes” or “no”.commitoneself to doing something，解释为“使自己不得免于”，to 后面接动名词。如：He committed himself to doing it mit的基本意思是“做”“干”,多用于错误的事、坏事。commit是及物动词,作“承诺”解时,后面接反身代词作宾语,表示“明确采取一种态度或路线”,常有“一经确定便不走回头路”的意思。后面接介词to或on,也可以接不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。commit也可表示为了特定的目的而“把托付给”“把提交给”解。这时其后须接介词to, to后可接名词,也可接动名词,常用于被动结构中。在口语中，commit还常用来表示“影响,约束”。commit作“承诺”解时,在commit后可接“to+动名词”,也可接动词不定式,前者更常用。练习：At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _ to another subject. A. committed B. switched C. favored D. transmittedThe insurance company paid him $ 10,000 in _ after his accident. A.installment B.compensation C.substitution D.commitmentWithout a proper education, people could _ all kinds of crimes.A. conduct B.stoop C.commit D.sweatAs visiting scholars,they willingly _ to the customs of the country they live in. A. submit B. conform C. subject D. commitOn Christmas Eve,there were so many customers that the shop assistants couldnt _them all. A.apply toB.appeal to C.attend toD.commit to372. absorb的用法absorb吸收、吸引、使专心。短语： absorb energy from the sun吸收太阳的能量；absorb attention of somebody 吸引某人的注意力；absorb whatever experience is useful to us吸收对我们有用的一切经验；be/ get absorbed in 全神贯注、专心致志；absorb from从吸收；absorb into把吞并入；be absorbed by the problem全神贯注于这个问题上；be absorbed in study埋头学习；be absorbed in thoughts陷于沉思；be absorbed in (reading) a book专心读书；be absorbed with the problem全神贯注于这个问题上；用法：absorb的基本意思是“吸收”,可指吸收液体、气体、光、热、能等,也指吸收抽象的知识、文化、经验、教训、思想、方法等,含有“以此丰富了吸收者”之意,并暗示“吸收”的渐进性和彻底性。absorb作“吞并; 并入”解时指把一个较小的国家、团体或组织变成一个较大的国家、团体或组织的一部分,被吞并者失去了自己原有的个性或特征。absorb作“吸收”解时主语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语则是无生命的事或物;作“吞并”解时主语和宾语都是国家、团体或组织;作“使全神贯注”解时主语是人、事或物,宾语是人或人的精力、兴趣等;作“减轻的作用”解时主要用于打击、碰撞等;作“耗费,耗去”解时主要用于大量的金钱、时间等;作“承受; 承担,对付 ”解时主要用于变化、结果、费用等。absorb作“吸收”“吞并”“使全神贯注”解时常用于被动结构。be absorbed作“聚精会神地干某事”解时应接“in+动名词”,不能接动词不定式。练习：When I came into her room, she was _ in her book. A. absorbed B. controlled C. exposed D. devotedShe was so _ in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door. A. absorbed B. attracted C. drawn D. concentrated_ I entered, he was _ in his book and didnt notice me. A. When; devoted B. While; absorbed C. When; absorbed D. While; devotedBecause of the drought, the ground quickly _ the little rain that fell last night. A. absorbed B. soaked C. digested D. drained The writer was so _ in her work that she didnt notice him enter the room. A. absorbed B. abandoned C. focused D. centeredDr.Smith was always _ the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.A. reminded of B. absorbed in C. tended by D. concerned about373. accept的用法accept承认、接受、答应。短语：accept ones words as true相信某人的话；accept your reason for not going there同意你不去那儿的理由；accept as/ to be把当作、认为是；accept what they told you同意他们同你谈的看法；She couldnt accept that her husband was dead相信、赞同；accept for a fact把当作事实；accept in principle原则上同意；accept of接受；accept upon the following conditions按下列条件接受；accept with an open mind虚心接受；accept with hearty thanks衷心感谢地接受；accept without question毫无疑问地接受；用法：accept的基本意思是“接受”,如接受礼物、邀请、好意、批评、建议、接纳为成员等等。引申可表示“承认; 同意; 认可; 相信”,如答应某些条件、相信某种解释、相信某事属实、认同某种理论、承担责任、容忍或忍受困境等等。在商业用语中accept则表示“承兑; 接受(某种付款方式)”。accept具有明显的主观色彩,不仅客观上“接”,而且更主要的是主观上的“受”。accept某人的劝说或者建议时表示你情愿地按照他们的劝说或建议去做; accept令人不愉快的情形时表示你认识到这是不能改变的、必须接受的现实,即含不情愿和勉强之意。accept主要用作及物动词,其宾语可为名词、代词或动名词,也可接动词不定式。作“认可; 相信”等解时可接that/wh-从句。作“承认是”解时还常接以“as+ n./adj./v -ing”充当补足语的复合宾语,这时as不可省略。比较：accept表示经过慎重考虑的接受；receive收到（只表示客观上“收到某物”，不与表示一段时间的状语连用）、接到、接待、接见。如：Yesterday he received a present, but he didnt want to accept it. get 可与receive 通用，但get 的口语性较强，而且含有主动去取得的意思。如：I got your letter yesterday. take 表示的“接受”包含着别人赠给的意思。如：The boy takes anything he is given.练习：Although I have _ an invitation to his wedding ceremony, I havent made up my mind whether to _ it or not. A. received; accept B. accepted; receive C. accepted; accept D. received; receive His father, who _ a good education while in Paris was well _ when he returned to work for his homeland. A. received; received B. accepted; accepted C. has received; receiving D. has accepted; accepting Mary finally _ Bruce as her life-long companion. A. received B. accepted C. made D. honoredI _ a letter of invitation, but I didnt _ it. A. accepted; receive B. received; accept C. accepted; accept D. received; receiveIt is not difficult to _ the idea that machines may communicate information to us. A. admit B. receive C. accept D. convinceNeither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _ . A. has been accepted B. have been accepted C. was accepted D. were accepted 374. characteristic的用法characteristic特征、特点；例句：Ambition is acharacteristicof all successful businessmen.雄心勃勃是所有成功生意人的共同特点。Kindness is one of hischaracteristics.和善是他的特性之一。It is thecharacteristicattitude of people towards life in those post-war years.这是战后人们典型的处世态度。Sympathy is the feelingcharacteristicof mankind.同情心是人类特有的感情。短语：characteristic quantity特征量；operating characteristic运行特性；characteristic radiation标识辐射；characteristic dimension规格尺寸；performance characteristic动作特性；overall characteristic综合特性,总特性.；characteristic test特性测试；be characteristic of足以表现的特征（特性）、是的特征（特性）；用法：characteristic作形容词后接介词of，表示“有的特色”，宾语为人或物，主语多为事或物。如：Sympathy is the feeling characteristic of mankind. 作名词前加a或one，后接介词of，介词的宾语为人或物，表示“具有特征”。如：One characteristic of car is speed. 练习：Windy days are_ of March. A. character B. chart C. chill D. characteristicThe manager spoke highly of such _ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees. A. virtue B. features C. properties D. characteristics The police are trying to find out the_of the woman murdered in the bathroom. A. evidenceB. characteristic C. statusD. identityItscharacteristicof her _ she never complained. A.which B.where C.that D.when 375. compensate的用法compensate (v)偿还、补偿、付报酬；例句：Nothing cancompensatefor the loss of ones health.什么都不能补偿健康受损。She wascompensatedby the insurance company for her injuries.她受伤后获得保险公司的赔偿。You will have tocompensateus for the loss.你必须赔偿我们的损失。短语：compensate by用来补偿；compensate for弥补；compensate with赔偿；compensate lack弥补不足；用法：compensate的基本意思是“赔/补偿(损失、伤害等)”“弥补(缺陷)”或“抵消某种影响”等,可用于经济方面,也可用于抽象事物。compensate用作及物动词时,以起补偿作用的人或事物作主语,以被补偿的事物或人作宾语。用作不及物动词时,接for表示补偿的对象; 接with表示用于补偿