八下(英语)Unit6导学案(修订).doc

米易二中八年级（下）英语导学案Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells?第一课时(1a-2c)【学习目标】：1、掌握shell， marathon， skater，skate，collect shells，skating， a pair of skates ，for 7 years ，since I was 7 years old，since nine oclock . 2、掌握句型 How long have you been skating? Ive been skating for five hours .since five hours ago.3、 掌握现在完成进行时的结构及“since” 和 “for”的用法。4、一般过去时与现在完成进行时的用法。【预习导学】：翻译下列词组1、多久，多长时间_ 2、得到你第一双滑冰鞋_3、我六岁起_ 4、5个小时_ 5.收集贝壳_【知识点拨】：1.A: Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?你滑冰已经多长时间了？ B:Ihavebeenskatingforfivehours.我已经滑了五个小时。(1)for表示时间的持续，后面加时间段，表示一段时间，多与带数词的名词连用，其谓语需用延续性动词。(2)在现在完成时中，若动词为非延续性动词，与for短语连用时，要转换为延续性动词。例如：borrowkeep；buyhave；arrivebehere；comebackbeback；getupbeup ；diebedead；beginbeon(3)since表示“自从过去某一时间点以来”，后面接点时间，强调动作或状态一直延续到现在，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。2.GrammarFocus语法聚焦(1)现在完成进行时.构成：have/hasbeen+doing(2)用法:现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续进行下去；或表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。常与fortwohours，since1986，allthismorning，thesefewdays等表示一段时间的状语连用。我一上午都在读书。从今天早上起你一直在做作业吗？我很长时间没看电影了。她已经收集贝壳多长时间了？我收集贝壳已经两年了。(3)for和since用于现在完成进行时的区别：for后面跟一段时间，since后面可以跟一个时间点，也可以是一个时间状语从句。3. pair (由两部分合在一起的单个物品) 一对，一双 a pair of 一双，一对 pairs of 几双，几对a pair of skates/ shoes/ glasses/ trousers/ jeansa new pair of shoes two old pairs of skates three expensive pairs of glasses 注意：修饰名词的形容词，要放在pair前。【课堂练习】：用for或since填空1. Ive been practicing the piano _ 10:30.2. Mario has been running _ 15 minutes.3. Sarah has been sleeping _ 9:00.4. Dale has been talking on the phone _ five minutes.5. Louie has been studying Chinese _ he was six years old.【当堂测试】：1. 单项选择1. _ have you been living here？ For ten years.A. How muchB. How manyC. How longD. How soon2. _ did you first skate? Two years ago.A. WhenB. WhatC. WhyD. How3. I have been skating _ two hours.A. inB. atC. forD. since4. is the meeting going to last? About twenty minutes. A. How farB. How soon C. How long D. How often2. 汉译英1、我们学英语已经两年了。 I have _ _ English _ two years . 2、自从八点开始，我就已经滑冰了。I _ _ _ since I _ eight. 第二课时(3a-4)【学习目标】：1、掌握重点词语及句型：raise several skater How long have you been doing?2、掌握并进一步巩固第一课时的句型：要求学生能应用他们在实际情景中自如运用。【预习导学】：汉译英1、向报道_ 2、为慈善筹集资金 _ 3、第一个开始_4、一小时前_ 5、三年半_ 【知识点拨】：1. (1)talktosb.在此意为“向某人报道”，相当于reportto。例如：Imreportingtoyouaboutthesportsmeeting.我正在向你报道运动会的情况。Mr.LiwilltalktoyouaboutYaoMing.李先生将向你报道关于姚明的情况。(2)talktosb.“与某人谈话”也可以说：talkwithsb.但它侧重于谈话双方都说。2.raisefor为筹集。例如：翻译：许多歌手为贫穷学生募集资金。_3.Foreveryhourtheyskate，eachstudentraisestenYuanforcharity.他们每滑一个小时，每个学生就会为慈善机构筹集到10元钱。（1）every形容词，意为“每一，每一个”，在句子中只能作定语，与单数名词连用。例如： Everyboylikesplayingfootballinourclass.我们班的每一个男生都喜欢踢足球。（2）Each形容词，意为“各个，每一”，后接单数可数名词。例如： Eachdayisbetterthantheonebefore.一天天好起来。（3）each本身为代词作主语时，其谓语动词为单数。（4）each跟在主语后起同位语的作用，这时主语和谓语动词都应该是复数。（5）each与every的区别。each强调“个体”，every强调“整体”。every只能作定语，each可作定语、主语、宾语和同位语。例如：Eachofuswantstobuythebook.我们每个人都想买这本书。Weeachwanttobuythebook.我们每个人都想买这本书。4. whole形容词，“整个的”。例如： thewholenight整个晚上thewholeschool全校【课堂练习】: 用所给词的适当形式填空1. How long have you been _ (swim)? For one hour. 2. They are selling old books _ (raise) money for charity. 3. When _ you _ (start) playing basketball? When I was ten years old. 4. The reporter is _ (talk) to us from Shenzhen Universiade Games(深圳大学生运动会). 5. We just _ ( start) climbing the mountain twenty minutes ago. 【当堂测试】：完成句子 1. 我打球有三个小时了。 I have been _ basketball _ three hours.2. 完成这项工作花了Lucy整整五天的时间。 It took Lucy _ _ _ _ to finish the work.3. 李磊经常在因特网上搜集信息。 Li Lei often _ information _ the Internet.4. 他们每滑冰一小时，每个学生就为慈善机构募集一百元。 For _ _ they skate, _ _ raises 100 yuan for charity.5. 我们一直在造一艘轮船。 We _ _ _ a ship. 第三课时（1a-4b）【学习目标】：1、 掌握： stamp，kite , anyone, store, cake, run out of , collector, by the way2、培养阅读能力，对收藏snow globe这种文化的理解3、能用所学的目标语言谈论收藏爱好和历史4、语言知识：现在完成进行时和一般过去时的用法【预习导学】：汉译英1、集邮 _ 2、想要做某事_ 3、自他十岁起 _ 4、因为而感谢某人_ 5、用光_ 6、我七岁生日那天_ 7、别人 _ 8、开办一个雪花球收藏者俱乐部 _ 【知识点拨】：1.wouldliketodosth.同义词为wanttodosth./feellikedoingsth.wouldlike/wantsb.todosth.想让某人做某事。如：Mymotherwouldlikemetobeareporter.我妈妈想让我成为一名记者。2. how long, how often, how soonhow long “多长”，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是表示一段时间的话。How long are you going to stay here? Five days.也可提问长度。How long is the road? Its about 500 meters.how often “多长时间一次”，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是never，sometimes，quite often，usually，three times a year等表示频度的副词或短语。How often do you go to the library?Once a dayhow soon “(需要)多久”，谓语动词多用终止性动词，即某一动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生，常与将来时连用，答语常用in a weekmonthyear等。How soon can you finish the work? May be in three eresting “有趣的”，描述事物的特征。interested “感觉有趣的”，描述人的感觉，多用于短语be interested in。4.(1)thanksfor意为“为而感谢”，后接名词和动词的-ing形式。如：(2)Thanksalot.还可表示为：Thankyouverymuch.非常感谢。5. runoutof用尽，缺乏。例如：Heranoutofallhismoneytobuythebook.他用尽了他所有的钱来买这本书。6. room“空间，余地”，不可数名词。例如：Couldyoumakeroomformydaughter?你能给我女儿腾个地方吗？7. (1)anyoneelse其他的人，形容词修饰不定代词要后置。如：(2)somethingdifferent不同的东西总结：不定代词和形容词的位置关系：8.Bytheway，whatsyourhobby?顺便问一下，你的爱好是什么？(1)bytheway顺便问一下，顺便说一下。例如： Bytheway，wheresthebank?顺便问一下，银行在哪里？(2)onthewayto.在去的路上(3)ononeswayhere/there在某人来这儿/去那儿的路上【课堂练习】: 用所给词的适当形式填空1. Mr. Zhang has been _ (collect) coins for twenty years. 2. Im thirsty. Id like _ (drink) some tea. 3. Why do you like collecting tickets? Because they are very _ (interest). 4. I like collecting stamps. I think its an interesting _ (collect). 【当堂测试】：单项选择( )1. _ the way, can you go to the movies with us tonight? A. In B. For C. At D. By( )2. I know nothing about it. Please ask _ . A. someone else B. else someoneC. anyone else D. else anyone( )3. Peter, I think we need to buy a new car. Oh, no! We are _ out of money, you know? A. trying B. going C. getting D. running( )4. I _ a job as a French teacher since last year. A. am looking for B. have been looking forC. looked for D. was looking for( ) 5. The child with his parents _ trees the whole four hours. A. plants B. have been planting C. has been planting D. has been planted ( ) 6. The big tree in front of my house is _ years old. A. hundred B. hundreds of C. hundreds D. one hundred of 第四课时（Self-check）【学习目标】：1、掌握：common, extra, coin, topic, been, be interested in, writer 2、掌握并运用前三课时的句型，描述自己及他人的收藏爱好3、会根据村料模仿写作【预习导学】：汉译英 1、组织一次才艺表演_ 2、在冬天_3、看英语电影_ 4、校报 _ 5、做完某事_ 6、对感兴趣_ 【课堂练习】:单项选择( ) 1. There _ a pair of sport shoes under the bed.A. are B. is C. have D. has ( ) 2. There are many trees on _ sides of the road. A. each B. every C. both D. all( ) 3. We have run _ rice, we will have to buy some this afternoon. A. out B. of C. out of D. out to ( ) 4. He is interested in _ English songs. A. to collect B. collect C. collecting D. collected（ ）5. They waited and waited for something _ to happen. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. to excite【当堂测试】：根据汉语提示完成句子1.会议已经持续了数小时。The meeting has _ _ for _ hours.2.不要把这个秘密告诉其他的任何人。Dont tell the secret to _ _.3.实际上，我对这个话题不感兴趣。_ _, Im not_ _ this _.4.顺便问一下，你想念你的笔友吗？_ _ _, do you _ your _?第五课时(Reading)【学习目标】：1、掌握：European, Russian, Australian, thousand, emperor, foreigner, quite, certain, far away, miss , the Olympic Games2、重点理解外国人眼中的中国文化。3、培养阅读技巧，提高阅读能力。4、能就阅读材料展开讨论，发表自己的观点。【预习导学】：汉译英1、一个具有丰富多彩历史的城市_ 2、俄罗斯风格_ 3、关于了解许多_ 4、一千年前_ 5、事实上_ 6、多于_ 7、受到的欢迎_ 8、西方历史_ 9、越多，越多 _ 10、确定_ 【知识点拨】：1、European（1）形容词，欧洲的，欧洲人的。（2）名词，欧洲人。（3）Europe 名词， 欧洲。2. the + 比较级，the + 比较级 (the more , the more )的用法 意为“越，就越”，学习下列例子，体会该结构的用法：The more he gets, the more he wants. 他获得越多，他就想得越多。翻译：、她学得越多，她就想学得越多。2、他工作得越努力，他获得就越多。3、1. be hard to do sth. 做某事很难4、enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事【课堂练习】: 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Miss Wang often _ (raise) money for charity. 2. I _ (start) class an hour ago. 3. Her daughter _ (finish) writing her test an hour ago.4. My pal friend _ (send) me several old coins next Sunday.5. That collector _ (listen) to music now.6. My son would like _ (collec