英语口语的意群与停顿

英语口语的意群与停顿 I. 绕口令练习1.A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. The big black bear bit back the big black bug.2. This fish has a thin fin; that fish has a fat fin; this fish is a fish that has a thinner fin than that fish.思考：不注意节奏和停顿会造成哪些问题？A.按照中文的思维习惯，随心所欲把句子“大卸八块”；B.练习肺活量，一句话从头连到尾不喘气；II如何把握英语朗读的节奏与停顿？英语句子也有自己拆分的规则。要把握好节奏和停顿，必须了解英语的意群和停顿。A. 意群 (Sense-group) 一个句子可以是一个语调组,但语调组并不等于一个句子。小于句子的语音单位是意群。意群是句子内部有相对完整意义的一组词。既然有一定的意义, 就必然有表征一定意义的某种语调类型。B. 停顿(Pause)在一个较长的句子中, 如果按意群来读, 意群之间稍加停顿, 就可以让听者听清我们语流中的意群和句子, 也可以喘一口气, 接着再说, 而且能体现出英语所特有的节奏和韵律, 但是在一个意群中不可停顿。C停顿的方法语言虽然是一个一个音组成的, 但不是一个音一个音或一个词一个词吐出来的, 而是一组一组, 一群一群相互密切联系的意群组合。意群之间可以由好几个单词组成, 也可以只是一个单词组成。意群和意群之间可以有微弱的停顿（但不一定要停顿）。为了在朗读或说话时把意群很好地联系在一起, 就需要恰当的停顿, 拖音或连读来一气呵成。至于意群之间停顿的频率问题, 这就要看讲话或朗读的速度, 讲得慢时停顿就多些, 反之就少些。示例：里根总统第二任就职演说词:We must do what we know is right, and do it with all our might. (我们必须做我们知道是正确的事,而且要全力去做。) 决不能读成We/must/do/what/ we/know/is right,/and do/it with all/our might. 长句中有短暂的停顿, 藉以调和呼吸, 这是自然的现象, 但停顿的地方必须恰到好处。 通常在: 1.有标点符号的地方; 2.词组或思想单元之间。短语, 从句等思想单元（即意群）成一单位, 但它们之间可以短暂停顿。例如:We must do/what we know is right,/and do it/with all our might.(斜线为可以稍做停顿之处).小窍门： 有人曾对停顿时间的长短提出过一个大致的比例:意群之间如没有标点符号, 停半拍; 有逗号处停一拍; 有分号处停两拍; 有句号处停三拍。 当然不一定这么机械, 但大致上还应有一个适当的停顿时间比例。练习：朗读并用斜杠标出句子中的意群1.They live in that large house / on the other side / of the bridge. /2.In the morning / the boy goes to school early. / Sometimes / he was late, / because his mother was in poor health. /3.It is very important for us / to take part in manual labour / from time to time. /4. Do you remember all those years / when scientists argued that smoking would kill us / but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure. 5. However, whether it comes from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.6. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.7. She sells sea shells by the sea shore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, Im sure she sells seashore shells.8.I cannot bear to see a bear bear down upon a hare. When bare of hair he strips the hare, right there I cry, Forbear! 9. There once was a man who had a sister, his name was Mr. Fister. Mr. Fisters sister sold sea shells by the sea shore. Mr. Fister didnt sell sea shells；he sold silk sheets. Mr. Fister told his sister that he sold six silk sheets to six shieks. The sister of Mr. Fister said I sold six shells to six shieks too! 10. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a wood chuck could chuck wood？A woodchuck would chuck all the wood a woodchuck could chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood. How many cookies could a good cook cook？If a good cook could cook cookies, a good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.11. A snow-white swan swam swiftly to catch a slowly-swimming snake in a lake. 12. Once two hunters went hunting in the forest. One of them suddenly fell down by accident. He showed the whites of his eyes and seemed to have ceased breathing. The other hunter soon took out his mobile phone to call the emergency center for help. The operator said calmly:First, you should make sure that he is already dead. Then the operator heard a gunshot from the other end of the phone and next he heard the hunter asking:What should I do next 参考答案：1.They live in that large house / on the other side / of the bridge. /2.In the morning / the boy goes to school early. / Sometimes / he was late, / because his mother was in poor health. /3.It is very important for us / to take part in manual labour / from time to time. /4. Do you remember all those years / when scientists argued that smoking would kill us / but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure. 5. However, whether it comes from the common ancestor / that the species had 35 million years ago, / is, / as yet, /an unanswered question./6. What is harder to establish / is whether the productivity revolution/ that businessmen assume they are presiding over/ is for real./7. She sells sea shells / by the sea shore. /The shells she sells / are surely seashells. / So / if she sells shells / on the seashore, Im sure / she sells seashore shells. 8.I cannot bear to see a bear / bear down upon a hare. / When bare of hair / he strips the hare, / right there / I cry, / Forbear! /9. There once was a man / who had a sister; /his name was Mr. Fister. / Mr. Fisters sister sold sea shells / by the sea shore. Mr. Fister / didnt sell sea shells；/he sold silk sheets./ Mr. Fister told his sister / that he sold six silk sheets to six shieks. The sister of Mr. Fister said / I sold six shells to six shieks too! /10. How much wood / would a woodchuck chuck / if a woood chuck / could chuck wood？A woodchuck / would chuck all the wood / a woodchuck could chuck / if a woodchuck could chuck wood. / How many cookies / could /a good cook / cook？If a good cook / could cook cookies, a good cook / could cook / as much cookies / as a good cook / who could cook cookies./11. A snow-white swan / swam swiftly / to catch a slowly-swimming snake / in a lake. /12. Once / two hunters went hunting / in the forest. One of them / suddenly fell down / by accident. He showed the whites of his eyes / and seemed to have ceased breathing. The other hunter / soon took out h