高级英语阅读材料.doc

福师高级英语阅读材料（一）辅导课件知识点和例题整理Reading One考试重点：The main points:In this story, Carol, a proud and spoiled teenager, learns to cope with her familys economic hard times. In the process, she learns more about herself, gains some insights into the problems of her parents, and develops ways to maintain her relationships with her peers. The story is written in the first person, from the point of view of the main character.The main character is “I”, a spoiled, too proud girl of thirteen years old, liking to keep up appearance.This is one of the stories in which the main character successfully faces a frightening or emotional experience that changes him or her and which are called “maturation” or “coming of age” stories.Although the character is not physically older at the end of the story, he or she has learned to accept or to deal with unhappy or unpleasant situations.Squish！Flap！Squish！Flap! I walked the five long blocks to schoola1. I knew I could get one sole off，but what if the other wouldnt come off? That would look even worse. Besides，there just wasnt time to fool with it. I was already five minutes late for my first class and I could see that the teacher was especially crabby this morninga2. A strategically aimed rubber band had left a large red mark on the back of his neck and he was in the process of ferreting out the culprit when I crept in. As if they were one，every eye fastened on me.a1Why did she walked the five long blocks before she went to school?a2Why was the teacher especially crabby at that movement?My Sixth Christmas The main points of the story:The story is written form the first point of view, the main character of the essay, a boy of only six years old. It is concerned about the boys painful discovery of poverty.I was numb. As if I had been hit by something. It was hard to breathe. I ached all through. I was stunned with finding out the truth.l1l1What is the truth and how did the boy come to find out the fact?My body knew before my mind quite didl1. In a minute, when I could think, my mind would know. And as the pain in my body ebbedl2, the pain in my mind began. I knew. I couldnt put it into words yet. But I knew why I had taken only a little bag of potatoes to Sunday school that fall. I knew why there had been only pennies in my little yellow envelope. I knew why I hadnt gone to school that fall-why I hadnt any new shoes - why we had been living on potato soup all winter. All these things, and others, many others, fitted themselves together in my mind, and l3meant something.l1My body knew the truth first, then my mind did. l2Slowly disappearedl3came together in my mindThe Littlel1 Store Main pointsThe authors purpose is to describe her little store in her memory. The essay is a portrayal of a particular time in the nations history. And the author does not only describe the little store but also the way leading to the store, which is so special to her that she writes, “I know the sidewalk as well as I know my own skin.”The author uses various senses to characterize the store, including smelling, feeling, vision etc. The realities of the store are described from a moving observer.l1Why does the author use “little” rather than “small” to modify the store? Is “little” essential to the authors purpose?Running in out of the sun, you met what seemed total obscurity inside. There were almost tangible smellslicorice recently sucked in a childs cheek, dill-pickle brine that had leaked through a paper sack in a fresh trail across the wooded floor, ammonia-loaded ice that had been hoisted from wet croker sacks and, slammed into the icebox with its sweet butter at the door, and perhaps the smell of still untrappedA Night of Sheer TerrorMain pointsThis article, about a childhood Halloween party, illustrates both the internal and external process of terror. The gradual buildup of the authors own fears is tightly coupled with the progress of the party itself. Obviously, the experience influenced Ringles life. He not only recalls it vividly after thirty years, but also states that nothing ever frightened him again.Halloween, a contraction of “all hallow even” means “Holy Eve”, the evening of Oct. 31, which is followed by a Christian festival, All Saints Day. The authors thesis is that Halloween ought to really frighten children by making them use their imaginations (the real Halloween process requires a trick or treat of the mind).Pry beneath that veneer of Gong Show sophistication with a good scare and you can liberate the same snakepit of tribal anxieties that once was the playpen of the brothers Grimm.-place of horror and confusion-small, portable enclosure in which a baby can be safely left to stand, crawl, or play. The author suggests that todays children passively experience so much visual stimulation through television that they are unable to imagine anything, however after a good scare, the atmosphere becomes as creative as it was for the Grimm brothers. Children love you to do this, as the unending popularity of horror movies testifies. But the made-in-Japan explicitness of a foam-rubber Godzilla never really gets the juices flowing. Neither does getting beaten up at school. The real Halloween process requires a trick or treat of the mind.One Hundred Million Americansl1The United States is a nation built by immigrants and their descendantsl2. In fact, nearly half the 100 million Americans in 1915 had at least one parent who was born outside the boundaries of the United States.l3l1The Unites States is often regarded as a nation of nations. Do you think so? If yes, why? Do you know something about “Melting Pot”. l2A person, an animal, or a plant whose descent can be traced to a particular individual or group. 子孙，后代其血统可追溯到某特定个体或群体的人、动物或植物l3What does this indicate?The United States is, of course, not the only nation built by immigrants and their descendants. Nations such as Argentina, Australia, and Canada are as much the product of immigration as is the United States. Still, there are two major differences between immigration to the Untied States and to other nations. First, the United States has received more immigrants by far than any other nation in the world. Second, it has received a much broader range of nationalities and races than any other country. For example, more than 80 per cent of the immigrants to Australia have come from Great Britain and Ireland. By way of contrast, no single country has contributed as much as 20 per cent of the immigrants to the United States, truly a nation of nationsl1. l1In what way is the history of U.S. immigration unique?For My Indian DaughterMain pointsThe writer is an American Indian who works as a surveyor for the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. He was born in Harbor Springs, Michigan, where his great-grandfather was the last official “chief” of the region. After finishing high school, Johnson entered the army, graduated from Army Survey School with honors, and then completed a tour of duty in Korea. Upon returning to America, he enrolled in the Art Institute of Chicago to study commercial art. -What issue is it likely to discuss in the essay concerning Indian topic?“For My Indian Daughter” is the authors only published article. In it, the author speaks eloquently of prejudice, ethnic pride, and growing cultural awareness. The essay is concerned with racial discrimination and prejudice, but much of the essay is devoted to the authors cultural and ethnic awakening. The central idea of the story is identity crisis.As I sit in my old chair on my porch in a light that is fading so the leaves are barely distinguishable against the sky, I can picture my girl asleep upstairs, I would like to prepare her for what to come, take her each step of the way saying, theres a place to avoid, heres what I know about this, but much of whats before her she must go through alone. She must pass through pain and joy and solitude and community to discover her own inner self that is unlike any other and come through that passage to the place where she sees all people are one, and in so seeing may live her life in a brighter future. A Hollow Place in My HeartMain Points:The essay offers a vivid picture of the non-main cultural stream in the United States. The author relates the customs, tradition, cultural heritage and particular communities, which are completely different from the mainstreamed civilization of the author himself. The reader may get kind of touch with alternative aspects of the American society. A Hollow Place in My HeartWhat does “a hollow place” refer to? What kind of feeling does the author have towards that place?The Land of the LockMain pointsNowadays, the lock is the new symbol of America. The American people seem to have found satisfaction from the locks and obtained the way to keep so-called fear out their doors by using locks, but they forget to ask what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to their way of life and what effects the atmosphere of the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock have on them. The author points out that they have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, they have all outsmarted themselves. He stresses that in dealing with the unseen horrors among people, they became prisoners of themselves. All of them prisoners, in this time of their troubles. The ad pointed out that, yes, it is, the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock?It wasnt always like that. Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access. It simply didnt occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people.-Try to figure out the ironic implication.Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light; we do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow.Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a callers voice. The machines are supposed to tell the businessman with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies.The Fascinationl1 of the Goetz Casel2Main points:People make a hero out of a man who, allegedly in self-defense, shot four teenagers in a subway. It is because the hero released the buried feeling of peoplethe long repressed rage and emotion that people became so fascinated with the case. The essay evolves around the Goetz case to discuss what attitude and what action we should take when we face the social violence and troubles. l1The capability of eliciting intense interest or of being very attractive. 魅力引起强烈兴趣的能力，吸引人的能力l2戈茨案件：指1985年伯恩哈德戈茨在纽约地铁开枪射杀对他进行威胁的4名黑人青年。这事件轰动全国并引起争议。It becomes harder and harder to know when fighting back is foolhardy and when it is brave. The line between courage and foolhardiness wavers so much that it is hard to decipher a portrait of our own best behavior. But the author points out The tragedy is when we even give up the power that we do have: The power of collective action.Its difficult to act according to a double message. Its hard for any of us, adult or child, to know when to avoid trouble and when to confront it. The line between courage and fool-hardiness wavers so much that its hard, to decipher a portrait of our own best behavior.-What is meant by “double message”? why is it difficult to act according to it?In Grace Hechingers book, “How to Raise a Street Smart Child,” the author tells what happened when an older and bigger boy asked to “borrow” his sons skateboard. “John wisely gave it to him and watched the boy speed downhill and disappear around a corner. He knew he would never see either boy or skateboard again. He also knew, he had done the right thing to give up his possession. But his sensible action was a far cry from his fantasies of what he would have wanted to do.”It becomes harder and harder to know when fighting back is foolhardy and when it is brave, when you can save your property, or pride and when you can lose your life. The tragedy is when we even give up the power that we do have: The power of collective action. Whenl1 the Juvenile System Becomes a Cure That Killsl2Main pointsThis commentary concerns the treatment of juveniles in the California Youth Authority. Instead of supporting his thesis with facts and figures, the writer uses the narrative mode to get his point across. Like all effective commentaries, this one has a clear point of view, presented through the details of the inmates experiences. From his point of view, John Hurst suggests what Californias obligation to juvenile delinquents should be. l1What is suggested by the title? What hidden assumption is in the title?l2Why does the author use “kill” to modify “cure”?Jill was not locked up in juvenile hall for being a latter day Bonnie Parker. She got in trouble for things like being drunk in public, and for shoplifting a set of socket wrenches from a Kmart so a boy she knew could fix his car to go cruising. She once brandished a knife in front of a police station, according to a probation report; and she wrote an obscenity on a Porsche belonging to a deputy district attorney. She doesnt like authority.Finally, Jill was charged with assaulting a Sacramento County Juvenile Hall staff member who she says she punched in the chest - and was sentenced to the California Youth Authority. So the teenage girl who, outside of custody had committed only minor violations, was transported 400 miles from her home and locked up with inmates, some of whom have committed murder.Does this statement imply the writers sarcastic accusation about the Juvenile System? But should she be locked up? Is a big institution the answer for Jill?l1I wonderl2 about places that tie kids up, places that put suicidal youngsters in rooms alone and watch them on television sets, places that pour little cans of nuts into great big bags, places that wont let Lifesavers in. I wonder if places like that have any real answer for anybody.l1What is the writers hidden suggestion?l2What is the function of the last paragraph? What are the writers feeling, emotion and opinion concerning the environment, regulations and treatment of the juvenile school?At the Mercy of MankindMAIN POINTS:In this article, the author uses classification to point out two compelling reasons for stopping whaling. First, whales are on the endangered species list, which means that they have nearly disappeared from the oceans. Second, since products that formerly required whale oil can all be made with other materials now, and since there is little demand for whale meat. The author and many conservationists believe that no more of he mammals should be killed.Japansl1 policy may seem another instance of that nations bloody-mindednessl2, and of Oriental l3concern with saving facel4. But the disapproval of Western nations, and especially the United States, strikesl5 Japan as Occidental hypocrisy. l1Put the following sentence into Chinese.l2Showing the opposite, often unreasonable attitude to;l3Western peoples and culture (as opposed to Oriental);l4avoiding embarrassment and, thereby, loss of respect; l5To affect keenly or forcibly; impress. 打动；给以印象有力地影响；使留下深刻印象But such point-scoring l1misses the point - two points, in fact. The campaign against whaling has two distinguishable l2motives, conservationl3 and humanitarianisml4.l1identifying the faults of the opposition; l2that may be easily perceived; l3The act or process of conserving. 保护保护的行为或过程l4Concern for human welfare, especially as manifested through philanthropy. 人道主义，博爱精神对人类福利的关注，尤指通过慈善活动表现出来的It is important to say that life is enhancedl1 aestheticallyl2 by the knowledge that these sociable creatures are swimming - and singing - on the surface of the sea, and in the sunless depths below.l1increase (value, beauty);l2according to the principles of aesthetics, which are based on a love of beauty; Furthermore, mankind has dominion over l1the Earth, but mankinds unsteady, serpentine path toward finer sentiments l2can be measured, in part, by evolving standards of what constitutes civilized dominionl3 over lower animals.l1have the power to rule; l2(figurative expression) mankinds unsure, crooked path toward high ideals and principles; l3the power or right of conrolling; authority; Surely it involves a conviction, more intuitivel1 than reasoned, that Creationl2, and we as the responsible portion of it, are diminished by wanton l3behavior toward creatures that so stunninglyl4 exemplify the mysteriousness of the natural.l1known or learned without the conscious use of reasoning; almost instinctively perceived or understood; l2The world and all things in it. 世界，宇宙世界和世界万物l3deliberately malicious; unjustified cruel; l4attractively; DrugsMain points:The writer of the essay suggests some generally unrecognized cause of the nations problems with drug, and proposes a radical solution to the problem; that is, to make drug easily accessible. The implicit assumption of the essay is that a person with easy access to drugs would be unlikely to “interfere with his neighbors pursuit of happiness.” In the essay, the writer employs both historical and p