英概之英国简介.doc

The Introduction of UKGeographyTheUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, orUK, is asovereign statelocated off the northwestern coast ofcontinental Europe. The UK lies between theNorth Atlanticand theNorth Sea, and comes within 35km of the northwest coast ofFrance, from which it is separated by theEnglish Channel. Politically, UK is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland with a total area of approximately 242,000 square kilometers. Britain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives England a varied climate. We never know what the weather will be like from one day to the other. It can be sunny one day and rainy the next. As we have such a variable climate changing from day to day, it is difficult to predict the weather.The longest river in the UK is theRiver Severnwhich flows through both Wales and England. The largest lake in the UK is founded in Northern Ireland. HistoryCeltic was the first people who had arrived in Britain in BC. Then In 5th century A.D. the southeast of the island of Great Britain was controlled by the Roman Empire. After the Romans removed, Anglo- Saxon and the Jutes invaded. In 7th century feudal system began to form. Later a king united of England, the history said Anglo - Saxon times. The duke of Normandy crossed the sea and conquered England in 1066. Then he established the of Norman dynasty. From 1338 to 1453, British and French had a war for about one hundred; the UK wined at first but lost later. In 1649, the republic was formatted. In 1801, England and Scotland merged with Ireland. In 18 century to the 19th century, Britain became the first country of the world which completed industrial revolution.In the 19th century, it was the heyday of the British Empire. In 1914, the colonies were 111 times greater than local possession. And it was the first colonial power, claiming to be day not fall empire. But after the First World War, it began to decline. PoliticsThe United Kingdom today is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. But unlike other countries in the world, the UK has no written constitution in any one documents; it is only partly written and contained in multiple documents. The English constitution shows the following characteristics: Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary sovereignty, Representative democracy, and the rule of law. In United Kingdom, Parliament is the supreme legislation body. It comprises three elements: the Crown, the non-elected House of Lords, and the elected House of Commons. The House of Commons is consisted of 651 people and it is also known as Lower House. However, the House of Lords today is more a place of discussion and debate rather than one of substantial power.The English government is instituted at three levels: central government, country government and district government. Since 1945, the British party politics has been a two-party system of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either the Conservative Party or the Labor Party. Economy The economy of United Kingdom was once at the forefront in the world during the 19th century Industrial Revolution. UK as a member of the European Union still owns one of the most developed economies. And it has the second largest economy in European and the fifth largest gross domestic product in the world. The capital, London, is along with New York City, one of the two largest financial centres in the world. Then lets talk about the industries of UK. First in energy, primary energy production accounts for 10 percent of the UK GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. About the agriculture, 77percetn of the land is used for agriculture but only 24 percent of this land is used to grow crops, while other places are only suitable for grazing. Today, the UK remains an important manufacturing country, although it imports large quantities of manufacturing goods from overseas. CultureBritish society today is known for its multicultural climate, which gives strength and diversity to all aspects of British culture. This , along with increased free time and disposable(可自由使用的) money, allows people to organize their private life in different activities in many fields, including leisure, arts, sports, and media. Their lifestyle are not just the expressions of individuals, but more often the values of social groups by age, gender, and class, and more importantly, are associated with national identities. British people prefer to spend their leisure time within the home. Holidays and where to spend them have also become an important part of British life. Sports also play a prominent role in British life such as football, tennis, golf. Except them, British also have artistic activities and media activities. Their life is colorful.The UK national flag is the Union Flag and its national anthem is God Save the King/Queen.GeographyTheUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, orUK, is asovereign statelocated off the northwestern coast ofcontinental Europe. The UK lies between theNorth Atlanticand theNorth Sea, and comes within 35km of the northwest coast ofFrance, from which it is separated by theEnglish Channel. Politically，the UK is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland with a total area of approximately 242,000 square kilometers.英国包括大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成，它也是一个主权国家位于西北海岸的欧洲大陆。英国之间是北大西洋和北海,离西北海岸法国不到35公里,英吉利海峡将英国与法国分离。总面积约242000平方公里Britain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives England a varied climate. We never know what the weather will be like from one day to the other. It can be sunny one day and rainy the next. As we have such a variable climate changing from day to day, it is difficult to predict the weather.The longest river in the UK is theRiver Severnwhich flows through both Wales and England. The largest lake in the UK is founded in Northern Ireland. 英国是一个岛国,周围的海给英格兰气候多样。我们从不知道天气将会像从一天到另一天。它可以是阳光明媚的一天也可以马上下雨。我们有这样的一个如此多变的天气,很难预测天气。英国最长的河流是塞文河这条流经两个威尔士和英格兰。在英国最大的湖,是建立在北爱尔兰。HistoryCeltic was the first people who had arrived in Britain in BC. Then In 5th century A.D. 1 the southeast of the island of Great Britain was controlled by the Roman Empire during 1st -5th century AD. After the Romans removed, in northern Europe, Anglo- Saxon, the Jutes invaded. In 7th century feudal system began to form. Later a king united of England, the history said Anglo - Saxon times. The duke of Normandy crossed the sea and conquered England in 1066. Then he established the of Norman dynasty. From 1338 to 1453, British and French had a war for about one hundred; the UK wined at first but lost later. On May 19, 1649, the republic was formatted. In 1668, there was a glorious revolution the constitutional monarchy was determined. In 1801, England and Scotland merged with Ireland. In 18 century to the 19th century, Britain became the first country of the world which completed industrial revolution.In the 19th century, it was the heyday of the British Empire. 1914, the colonies were 111 times greater than local possession. And it was the first colonial power, claiming to be day not fall empire. After the First World War, it began to decline. 公元前比克人，凯尔特人，先后来到不列颠。公元世纪大不列颠岛东南部为罗马帝国统治。罗马人撤走后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁人、萨克逊人、朱特人相继入侵。世纪开始形成封建制度。后来国王统一了英格兰，史称“盎格鲁-撒克逊时代”。 年诺曼底公爵渡海征服英格兰，建立诺曼底王朝。年至 年英法进行“百年战争”，英国先胜后败。年月日宣布成立共和国。年英格兰与苏格兰合并，年又与爱尔兰合并。世纪后半叶至世纪上半叶，成为世界上第一个完成工业革命的国家。世纪是大英帝国的全盛时期，年占有的殖民地比本土大倍，是第一殖民大国，自称“日不落帝国”。第一次世界大战后开始衰败。PoliticsThe United Kingdom today is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. But unlike other countries in the world, the UK has no written constitution in any one documents; it is only partly written and contained in multiple documents. The English constitution shows the following characteristics: Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary sovereignty, Representative democracy, and the rule of law. In United Kingdom, Parliament is the supreme legislation body. It comprises three elements: the Crown, the non-elected House of Lords, and the elected House of Commons. The House of Commons is consisted of 651 people and it is also known as Lower House. However, known as the Upper House, t