外文翻译--基于单片机的照明控制系统.doc

The Control System for Lighting Based on Singlechip MicrocomputerWith the rapid development of electronic technology, the system of control based on Single-chip Microcomputer is widely applied in industry, agriculture, electric power, electron, intelligent building and so on. Microcomputer, as the subject and core of the embedded system of control, replaces the traditional systemelectronic circuit. At the same time, the development and maturation of the intelligent building have established the substantial foundation for the popularization and application of the control system for lighting based on single-chip microcomputer. The paper expatiates on the designing theories and implementation method of the control system for lighting by wired or wireless communications. Taking the designing process as mainline, it describes the process of designing from two respectshardware and software. In another word, the paper describes the process from the method of circuit designing to the software technology of realizing the demanded functions. The host controller of the control system for lighting is based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer, and the auxiliary ones are based on AT89C2051. The system can do many jobs, such as wired communication, wireless data transmitting, controlling and display. The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: keyboard and LED display circuit, RS485 communication circuit, wireless transmitting circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit, etc. The designing of software mainly includes the several programming, such as wired communication, wireless data transmitting, lamplight controlling, timed controlling, keyboard scanning and LED displaying. The wired communication programming function is that through Master-slave communication method based on RS485 the host controller sends orders to the all auxiliary controllers or each one, including: turning on lighting, turning off lighting, regulating brightness of lighting, controlling timed lighting, etc. The wireless data transmitting programming function is that by wireless transmitter it realizes wireless controlling of the lighting, and achieves the functions identical to wired communication. Traditional building automatic controlling system only includes such subsystems: comprehensive wires, computer network, safe defending, fire defending and closed-circuits TV monitoring systems and so on. But in the recent years, with the economic development and the progress of the science and technology, people have put forward more higher demands for energy-conservation of lighting lamps and scientific management, which makes the lighting control system of the classroom have such functions as energy-conservation, convenience, intelligence, etc. Whats more, it can improve the efficiency of the work and study, result in many kinds of lighting effects, and improve the management level.There are the design philosophy of this system, operation principle of every chip, and such relevant problems as the choice, making and debugging of the components and unit circuits about lighting control system of classroom, which regards the micro-control unit as the control core of the system. This control system is suitable for such occasions as various kinds of multimedia classrooms, station waiting rooms, offices, etc. It is mainly composed of lightening control unit, moving sensor unit, illuminative sensor unit, handed-control unit, and so on. The target of the design is intelligent lightening, scientific management, and energy-conservation and cost- conservation. The AT89C2051 with the feature of cheap cost has been used as the control unit in the whole design. The whole system not only has been introduced in the paper, but also has been successfully finished with series of the Dais micro-control unit. The experiment suggests that this design can easily come true if the users do as the thesis. So it can be used as the intelligent lighting control system of the university campus. Whats more, it will affect better if combining with other intelligent control systems.LED Summary LED (Light Emitting Diode), light-emitting diode, is a solid state semiconductor devices, which can be directly converted into electricity to light. LED is the heart of a semiconductor chip, the chip is attached to one end of a stent, is the negative side, the other end of the power of the cathode, the entire chip package to be epoxy resin. Semiconductor chip is composed of two parts, part of the P-type semiconductor, it inside the hole-dominated, the other side is the N-type semiconductor, here is mainly electronic. But linking the two semiconductors, among them the formation of a PN junction. When the current through the wires role in this chip, will be pushing e-P, P zone in the hole with electronic composite, and then to be issued in the form of photon energy, and this is the principle of LED luminescence. The wavelength of light that is the color of light, is formed by the PN junction of the decisions of the material. LED history50 years ago, people have to understand semiconductor materials can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diodes in 1960. English is the LED light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed in a wire rack, then sealed with epoxy resin around, that is, solid package, Therefore, the protection of the internal batteries can play the role of line, so the seismic performance LED good. LED is the core of the P-type semiconductor and components of the N-type semiconductor chips, the P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor between a transition layer, called the PN junction. In some semiconductor materials in the PN junction, the injection of a small number of carrier-carrier and the majority of the extra time will be in the form of light energy to release, thus the power to direct conversion of solar energy. PN junction on reverse voltage, a few hard-carrier injection, it is not luminous. This use of injection electroluminescent diodes is produced by the principle of light-emitting diodes, commonly known as LED. When it in a positive state of the work (that is, at both ends with forward voltage), the current flows from the LED anode, cathode, semiconductor crystals on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors, light and the strength of the currents. Instruments used for the first LED light source instructions, but all kinds of light colored LED lights in traffic and large screen has been widely applied, have a very good economic and social benefits. The 12-inch red traffic lights as an example, is used in the United States have long life, low-efficiency 140 watt incandescent lamp as a light source, it produced 2,000 lumens of white light. The red filter, the loss-90 percent, only 200 lumens of red light. In the light of the new design, Lumileds companies have 18 red LED light source, including the loss of circuit, a total power consumption of 14 watts to generate the same optical effect. Automotive LED lights is also the source of important areas. For general lighting, people need more white light sources. The 1998 white LED successful development. This is the GaN LED chip and Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) package together cause. GaN chip of the Blu-ray ( p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of the Ce3 + YAG phosphors excited by this Blu-ray after irradiating a yellow, the peak 550 nm. Blue-chip installed in the LED-based Wanxing reflection in the cavity, covered with a resin mixed with YAG thin layer, about 200-500 nm. LED-based tablets issued by the Blu-ray absorption part of the phosphor, the phosphor another part of the Blu-ray and a yellow light mixed, can be a white. Now, the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition of the phosphor layer and adjust the thickness of the 3500-10000 K color temperature can be colored white. This blue LED through the method by white, constructed simple, low-cost, high technology is mature, so use the most. In the 1960s, the use of science and technology workers semiconductor PN junction of The principle of developing a LED light-emitting diodes. At that time, the development of LED, the materials used are GaASP, its luminous color is red. After nearly 30 years of development, and now we are very familiar with the LED, has been sent to red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and other shade. However lighting necessary for white LED light only in recent years to develop, readers here to tell us about lighting with white LED.基于单片机的照明控制系统 随着电子技术的飞速发展，基于单片机的控制系统已广泛应用于工业、农业、电力、电子、智能楼宇等行业，微型计算机作为嵌入式控制系统的主体与核心，代替了传统的控制系统的常规电子线路。同时楼宇智能化的发展与成熟，也为基于单片机的照明控制系统的普及与应用奠定了坚实的基础。本文阐述了照明的有线、无线控制方式设计原理与实现方法。以设计过程为主线，分别从硬件和软件两个方面描述设计过程，即从硬件电路的设计方法到实现所要求功能的软件技术。该照明控制系统的主控制器、分控制器分别是以AT89C51与AT89C2051单片机为基础，实现了有线通信、无线数传、控制与显示等功能。文中详细地描述了控制电路的设计过程，包括：键盘与LED显示电路、RS485通信电路、无线数传电路、照明灯控制电路以及看门狗电路等。对于软件设计主要有主控制器、分控制器的有线通信程序设计与无线数字传输程序设计以及灯光控制、定时控制、键盘扫描与LED显示等程序设计。有线通信程序的功能是：通过RS485主从通信方式，由主控制器发出命令对全部或单个分控制器所控制的照明灯实现开启、关闭、灯光亮度调节、定时控制等功能。无线数传程序设计的功能是：通过无线数传模块实现照明灯的无线遥控，同样实现有线方式控制的功能。在传统的楼宇自控系统中，一般只包括了综合布线、计算机网络、安防、消防、闭路电视监控等子系统。但近年来，随着经济的发展和科技的进步，人们对照明灯具节能和科学管理提出了更多、更高的要求，使教室照明控制系统具有了节能、方便、智能等作用，并能改善工作学习环境，实现多种照明效果，提高管理水平。这个以单片机为控制核心的教室照明控制系统，涉及到了系统的设计思想、各芯片的工作原理、元器件的选择、制作与调试等相关问题。该控制系统适用于各种多媒体教室、车站候车室、办公室等场合。它主要由照明控制器、动态传感器、照度传感器、手动控制设备等组成。教室照明智能化设计的目标是要突出照明系统智能化、科学管理和节省能源、节省运营费用的特点。整篇文章以AT89C2051为控制单元，结构简单，成本低廉。整个系统的设计除了在论文有详细的介绍外，还用DAIS系列单片机微机仿真实验箱进行了成功的仿真，使该设计更具有实践价值。实验表明，该设计可操作性强，完全能作为大学教室照明的智能控制器，若能与教室的其它智能控制系统融合，效果会更强。LED概述 LED（Light Emitting Diode），发光二极管，是一种固态的半导体器件，它可以直接把电转化为光。LED的心脏是一个半导体的晶片，晶片的一端附在一个支架上，一端是负极，另一端连接电源的正极，使整个晶片被环氧树脂封装起来。半导体晶片由两部分组成，一部分是P型半导体，在它里面空穴占主导地位，另一端是N型半导体，在这边主要是电子。但这两种半导体连接起来的时候，它们之间就形成一个“P-N结”。当电流通过导线作用于这个晶片的时候，电子就会被推向P区，在P区里电子跟空穴复合，然后就会以光子的形式发出能量，这就是LED发光的原理。而光的波长也就是光的颜色，是由形成P-N结的材料决定的。 LED历史 50年前人们已经了解半导体材料可产生光线的基本知识，第一个商用二