英语翻译技巧.doc

英语翻译技巧省略法一、从语法角度来看（一）省代词1省略作主语的人称代词（1）省略作主语的人称代词I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。（2）英语中，泛指人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。We live and learn.活到老，学到老。When will he arrive?-You can never tell.他什么时候到？-说不准。The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。2省略作宾语的代词The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them.他越是想要掩盖他的错误，就越是容易暴露。Please take off the old picture and throw it away.请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。3省略物主代词I put my hand into my pocket.我把手放进口袋。She listened to me with her rounded eyes.她睁大双眼，听我说话。（二）代词it的省略Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15.他一看表，是七点一刻了。It took me a long time to reach the hospital.我花了很长时间才到了医院。It is the people who are really powerful.人民才是最强大的。（三）省略连接词He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去有些忧愁不安。（省略并列连接词）As it is late, you had better go home.时间不早了，你最好回家去吧。（省略表示原因的连接词）If sinter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（省略表示条件的连接词）If I had known it, I would not have joined in to.早知如此，我就不参加了。（省略表示条件的连接词）John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.火车停了，约翰郁郁地站了起来，因为他想起了病中的母亲。（省略表示时间的连接词）（四）省略冠词1英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。A teacher should have patience in his work.当教员的应当有耐心。（省略不定冠词A）The horse is a useful animal.马是有益的动物。（省略定完词The）It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.在过去，飞往月球是绝对办不到的事情。（省略定完词The）The moon was slowly rising above the sea.月亮慢慢从海上升起。（省略定冠词The）2英译汉时，省略原文中的冠词是一般情况。但在某些场合，冠词却不能省略，可以翻译为一个，每一，这个，那个等。例如：He left without saying a word.他一句话不说就走了。Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile.埃格伯特说，他（开车）每天一英里就赚一块钱。This is the book you wanted.这就是你要的那本书。（五）省略介词1省略表示时间的前置词The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。比较：中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。（介词译成汉语在句首时可以省略，在句尾就没有省略）On July 1, 1997, Hongkong returned to the Peoples Republic of China.一九九七年七月，香港回归了中华人民共和国。2省略表示地点的前置词Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不准吸烟。In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.冬天，北方的天气比南方冷得多。如：He stood by the desk.他站在桌旁。I stayed in my brothers house.我住在弟弟家里。（四）省略动词When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.气压低，沸点就低。Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order.必须在购货单规定的时间交货。二、从修辞角度看（一）英语句子中有些短语重复出现，或者具有相同意义的词重复出现，英译汉时可按情况作适当省略。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.双方均不得无故解除合同。（二）根据汉语习惯，译文中可以省略一些可有可无的词。There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.没有下雪，但叶落草枯。增词法一、增加原文中省略的部分 （一）增补回答句中省略的词语Do you like sport? Yes, I do.你喜欢体育运动吗？是的，我喜欢体育运动。Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopedia? Both, please.给你带一本词典来还是带一本百科全书来？请把两样都带来。Are you tired? Not very.你累了吗？不太累。（二）增补并列结构中省略的词语We dont retreat, we never have and never will。我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。（we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat）A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。（a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted）Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。（三）增补表示逻辑关系或者平衡结构的词语Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?如果对自己的错误都不能认识到，怎么能指望你会悔改呢？Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.假设准备工作完成不了，那可怎么办？Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任一物体都会受到空气的作用力Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.学生应该想老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。 二、增加意义上或修辞上的需要上的部分（一）增加动词He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.他没有致闭幕辞就宣布结束会议。He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation.他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting.在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。（二）增加形容词或者副词What a leader he was!他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊。The crowds melted away.人群渐渐散开了。As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。（三）增加名词1在不及物动词后面增加名词Day after day he came to his work sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.他每天来干活扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。He never drinks before driving.他开车前从不喝酒。Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.哈丽特阿姨时常慷慨地款待客人。2在形容词前增加名词This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.这部打字机真是价廉物美。A new kind of aircraftsmall, cheap, pilotlessis attracting increasing attention.一种新型的飞机正越来截止引起人们的注意这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。3在抽象名词后增加名词如：to innovate革新innovation革新措施to evolve进化evolution进化过程to solve解决solution解决方法to derive推导derivation推导过程to persuade说服persuasion说服工作to prepare准备preparation准备工作backward落后backwardness落后状态tense紧张tension紧张局势arrogant自满arrogance自满情绪mad疯狂madness疯狂行为antagonistic敌对antagonism敌对态度redundant多余redundancy多余信息After all preparations were made, our meeting will begin.一切准备工作就绪以后，会议就开始。They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East.他们试图缓解中东的紧张局势。（四）增加表示名词复数的词1增加重迭词表示复数Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。2增加数词或其他词表示复数The lion is the king of animals.狮是百兽之王。We have to face different problems.我们得面对各种不同的问题。Mr. Hobbs didnt talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon.直到昨天下午，霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟讨论了我的各项建议。（五）增加表达时态的词对某种时间概念作强调时，往往要加一些词。had known two great social systems.那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。（这里除了用“过”字外，还增加了“那时以前”，强调过去完成的动作。）The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.那位老人已经教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子