二级笔译样题.doc

二级笔译Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts, Part A - Compulsory Translation and Part B - Choice of Two Translations consisting of two sections Topic 1 and Topic 2. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into Chinese. Above your translation of Part A, write Compulsory Translation and above your translation from Part B, write Topic 1orTopic 2 and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)（30 points）The Dreadlock DeadlockIn the fall of 1993 Christopher Polk transferred from FedExs hub in Indianapolis to take over a delivery route in Flatbush District, Brooklyn, N.Y. But moving to the countrys largest community of Caribbean and African immigrants only precipitated a far more profound journey. I was becoming culturally aware of the history of the black people, says Polk, now 31, and that gave me these spiritual questions. His answer came providentially, by way of a music video featuring Lord Jamal, who raps about the Rastafarian belief in the sanctity of dreadlocks - the cords of permanently interlocked strands first worn by African chiefs perhaps 6,000 years ago.Now a practicing Rastafarian, Polk sports thick garlands that gently cascade onto his shoulders. Your hair is your covenant, he says. Once you grow your locks, it puts you on a path.Unfortunately, that path was a collision course with Federal Expresss grooming policy, which requires men to confine their dos to a reasonable style. After years of deliberation, Polks bosses gave him a choice: shear his locksorbe transferred to a lower-paid job with no customer contact. He refused both options and was terminated in June 2000.His tale is not unique. Although Rastafarians number about 5,000 nationally, today dreadlocks, twistsorbraids are at the height of fashion, nearly as common as Afros were 30 years ago. If Afros symbolized militancy, dreads signal a more spiritual self-declaration, a figurative locking with African ancestors. As Stanford professor Kennell Jackson, who teaches a course called African Coiffures and Their New World Legacies, puts it, Theres a divinity to these locks.Divineornot, some employers consider them unacceptably outr. Six other New York-area FedEx employees have lost their jobs because of dreadlocks. They have sued, alleging religious discrimination; the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and New Yorks attorney general have also charged FedEx with violating religious protections in the Civil Rights Act.The dreadlock deadlock may be easing. FedEx altered its policy slightly a few weeks ago: in the future, observant employees who seek a waiver may wear their locks tucked under uniform hats, says a company spokeswoman. The concession isnt enough to settle the lawsuits yet. The EEOC also wants reinstatement for the fired drivers, says trial attorney Michael Ranis. Hes optimistic. Some new styles, he knows, grow more appealing over time.Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题)（30 points）Topic 1 (选题一)Eurasians: The New Face of AsiaFusion is in, not only as an abstract fashion concept, but in that most grounded of realities: mixed-blood people who walk, talk, and produce even more multiracial progeny. Most strange of all, these hybrids are finding themselves hailed as role models for vast masses in Asia with no mixed blood at all. When I think of Asia, I dont necessarily think of people who look like me, says Declan Wong, a Chinese-Dutch-American actor and producer, But somehow weve become the face that sells the new Asia.So maybe Asias Eurasian craze is driven by the theories of that whitest of white men, economist Adam Smith. As the world gets smaller, we look for a global marketing mien, a one-size-fits-all face that helps us sell Nokia cell phones and Palmolive shampoo across the world.For any business, you cant think locally anymore, says Paul Lau, general manager at Elite Model Management in Hong Kong, who has built up a stable of Eurasians for his internationally minded clients. At the very least, you need to think regionally. Ideally, you should think globally. A global image helps sell products, even if no one but Filipinos would ever want to buy duck-fetus eggsorThais the most pungent variety of shrimp paste. Yanto Zainal, president of Macs909, a boutique ad agency in Jakarta, used all indos for a campaign for the local Matahari department store chain. The store wanted to promote a more cosmopolitan image, he says. Indos have an international look but can still be accepted as Indonesian.Channel V, the Asia-wide music television channel, was one of the first to broadcast the message of homogenized hybridism. We needed a messenger that would fit in from Tokyo to the Middle East. Says Jonnifer Seeto, regional sales marketing manager for the channel, which began beaming its border-busting images in 1994. Star Veejay Asha Gill personifies the global look. When asked what her ethnic heritage is, Gill, a Malaysian citizen, simply shrugs. Oh, who knows, she says. Im half Punjabi, mixed with some English, a little French and dribs and drabs of God knows what else. The 29-year-old speaks crisp British English, fluent Malay, and a smidgen of Punjabi. She grew up in a Kuala Lumpur neighborhood that was mostly Chinese, attended an English-speaking school and was pals with Malay and Indian kids. Gills Channel V show, broadcast in English, has a strong following in Malaysia, Japan and the United Arab Emirates. Im Hitlers worst nightmare, she says. My ethnicity and profession make me a global person who cant be defined in just one category.Topic 2 (选题二)MatterLook at all the things around us: chairs, desks, cupboards, papers and pens in our classroom; motor cars, bicycles and buses in the streets; trees, plants and animals in the countryside; birds, aeroplanes and clouds in the sky; fishes, seaweeds and corals in the sea; stars, the moon and the sun in outer space. These and all other things including the human body, are examples of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight.What is Matter Made of?Since ancient times, learned menorphilosophers have thought about matter and what it is made up of. One group of philosophers thought that matter was made up of a substance called hyle (实质). Another group of philosophers said that matter was made up of four substances, namely earth, water, air and fire. A third group believed that matter was made up of very tiny particles which were too small to be seen. These particles were so small that they could never be further divided into smaller particles. They gave the particles the name atoms which means those which cannot be divided. The difference between the various kinds of atoms and the ways in which they were joined were supposed to result in the different kinds of matter.All these ideas arose purely from the mind and were not based on investigation. For many years, people believed in the second idea. But actually it is the third idea that is nearer to our present concept of matter.Daltons Atomic TheoryIn the early nineteenth century, Dalton, an English school teacher, stated in this atomic theory that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles, which he also called atoms. His laboratory work showed him that atoms could neither be divided into smaller parts nor could they be destroyed. He pictured matter as being made up of tiny solid spherical atoms. Today the idea of the atoms has been accepted. But further work has shown that contrary to Daltons findings, atoms are made up of even smaller particles.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)This section consists of two parts, Part A - Compulsory Translation and Part B - Choice of Two Translations consisting of two sections Topic 1 and Topic 2. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write Compulsory Translation and above your translation from Part B, write Topic 1orTopic 2 and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points, 80 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)（20 points）中国政府高度重视人口与发展问题，将人口与发展问题作为国民经济和社会发展总体规划的重要组成部分列入议事日程，始终强调人口增长与经济社会发展相适应，与资源利用和环境保护相协调。二十世纪九十年代以来，中央政府每年召开一次关于人口与发展问题的座谈会，研究分析重大问题，制定重大决策和措施。国家组织、协调有关部门和群众团体共同实施人口与计划生育方案，将计划生育与发展经济、消除贫困、保护生态环境、合理利用资源、普及文化教育、发展卫生事业、完善社会保障、提高妇女地位等紧密结合起来，努力从根本上解决中国的人口与发展问题。Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题) （20 points）Topic 1 (选题一)中国画中国画与中医、京剧在一起，被誉为中国的三大国粹。按内容分，主要有人物画、山水画、花鸟画三大类。战国时，中国就以有比较成熟的人物画，唐代达到顶峰。著名的人物画家有顾恺之、吴道子等。山水画产生于秦代，宋代达到很高水平。著名的山水画家有唐代李思训、王维和明代唐寅等。花鸟画画的是自然界中的花卉、鸟兽、鱼虫。南北朝时出现了花鸟画，宋代走向成熟。著名花鸟画家有擅长画花鸟的朱耷，擅长画竹子的郑燮、擅长画鱼虾的齐白石。按画法分，中国画主要有工笔画和写意画。工笔画的特点是按照事物原来的样子，一笔一笔画得非常细致，尤其注重细节的描绘；写意画是一种夸张的画法，要求用简单的笔墨画出事物的神韵，虽然笔墨简单，但意趣生动，表现力很强。Topic 2 (选题二)中国航天事业的宗旨与原则中国航天事业的发展宗旨是：探索外层空间，扩展对宇宙和地球的认识；和平利用外层空间，促进人类文明和社会发展，造福全人类；满足经济建设、国家安全、科技发展和社会进步等方面日益增长的需要，维护国家利益，增强综合国力。中国航天事业的发展原则是：坚持长期、稳定、持续的发展方针，使航天事业的发展服从和服务于国家整体发展战略；坚持独立自主、自力更生、自主创新，积极推进国家交流与合作；根据国情和国力，选择有限目标，重点突破；提高航天活动的社会效益和经济效益，重视技术进步的推动力；坚持统筹规划、远近结合、天地结合、协调发展。 三级笔译Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes).I leave the vault, and as the guard closes the door, a marine archaeologist asks if I want to see anything else. As an example he shows me an astrolabe, a navigation tool that preceded the sextant. Few have survived. We have three of the oldest known, he says. He directs me to a paper on astrolabes written by a Cuban colleague, who quoted a 16th-century instruction: He who wants to take the sun with an astrolabe at sea, must be seated near the main mast, the place where the boat oscillates the least and is quiet.I want to take the measure of Cubas past, so I tell the archaeologist I would like to go to the place where the plain things are. I am here not only to see treasures that glitter but also to see and touch objects that illumine moments of the past. Smiling, he takes me into storage rooms where he and other archaeologists preserve cargoes from four centuries of wrecks. Jumbled on these shelves is the stuff of Cubas long reign as counting house and command center for Spains New World colonies.I see knickknacks destined for one of the annual 18th-century trade fairs, where Cubans bought imports from Spain. I also see, pallid from centuries in the sea, dozens of little painted ceramic dogs, lions, cats, and deer later shipped from England. Stacked nearby are sets of dinner dishes, tankards, an hourglass, a bottle of very Old Spanish wine.On another day, in fading light, I walk the ramparts of El Morro, its lighthouse standing tall over Havanas harbor. The old fortress, by day a warren of tourist stops, changes by night, looming deeper into the shadows of Havanas past. As torches light the darkness, I watch Cuban soldiers, costumed as 18th-century Spanish sentries, march along the ramparts of the Castillo de San Carlos and fire a cannon that salutes the end of day. In Spanish times the cannon signaled the closing of the city gates and the drawing of a great chain across the harbor. Now the nightly ritual keeps open the sea-lane of memory between colonial past and present nationhood.Near the waterfront of Old Havana stands the Palace of the Captains General. Once the headquarters of the Spanish bureaucracy that governed Cuba, the palace now is the Museum of the city. Light and shadow play along its walls