U1_一般将来时.doc

U1 一般将来时1. 一般将来时表示在将来的某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如：I(We)shall be back tomorrow.He will come next week. I(We) shall study chemistry next year.Theyll have a math test next Tuesday.Well have a meeting tomorrow afternoon.shall 用于第一人称，will 可以用于任何人称。-Will the soup be ready soon?-Yes, it will. Itll be ready in a few minutes.2. 介词 in 引导的短语，表示从现在起的某一段时间以后，通常用于一般将来时。 画线提问用How soon，译为“多久”。例如： -Will the train arrive soon?-Yes, it will. Itll arrive in five minutes.-Will Dr. Smith be here soon?-Yes, he will. Hell be here in half an hour.He will be back in a week.How soon will he be back?3. be going to + 动词原形结构，表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事。4. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。We wont go there if it snows tomorrow. 如果明天下雪，我们就不去那儿了。练习 1We _（have）a party tonight.2.I _ ( meet ) Mary at the station at ten.3They _ ( visit) the Summer Palace next Monday.4.The train _ (arrive) in a few minutes.5.Dr. Smith _ ( be) here in half an hour.6.We _ ( go) there if it _ (not snow) tomorrow.7.We will go to the movies if it _ (not rain) tomorrow afternoon.8. Im sorry _ (keep) you waiting for so long9. She _ (go) to the cinema with her friends tomorrow evening.10. My mother _ (do) some cooking when I came in.4.数词hundred, thousand, million, billion等前无修饰词时,须用复数且后常接介词of,如有many, some, several, a few等修饰词时,可用复数或单数形式,但复数时常有介词of,例如：three hundred kids hundreds of kidsmany thousand kids = many thousands of kids5.see hear sb. do/doing sth.I saw her playing football.I often hear him sing popular songs.6.Suchthat sothatThe dog is so dirty that I dont want to touch(摸，碰) it.=Its such a dirty dog that I dont want to touch it .7. pleasant-unpleasant8. possible-impossible9. My dream will come true. His dream came true.10.can和 be able to can/could: He can speak a little English.She could swim when she was nine years old.be able to : He is able to speak a little English.She was able to swim when she was nine years old.Theyll be able to speak French in five years.The boy was able to _ himself when he was very young. A. dress B. wear C. put on D. wear on辨析A little Little A few Few The math problem is too difficult._ students in our class can work it out.(把它解答出来)A.A little B. Little .A few .FewA little与 A few 表示肯定意义还有一点 Little 与Few表示否定意义 没有多少了A little与 Little 修饰不可数名词A few 与Few修饰可数名词We still/just have a little time. 我们还有点时间。The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. 这个小男孩很忙，他很少有时间玩。Its a little animal. It eats only a little food. 那是一个小动物，它只吃一点点食物。Ill only be away a few minutes. 我只离开几分钟Theres only a little soup left. 只剩下一点儿汤了。Im going to buy a few bananas. 我打算去买一些香蕉。选择正确答案填空： 1.This is _food in the cupboard, I must go and get some. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 析：此句空格后边的food食物是一个不可数名词，根据“少者可数，多者不可数”，我们选择C,D两个答案，而筛去A.B答案，又根据I must go and get some,我必须去买一些，说明碗柜里没有食物或食物很少了，说明此句表示的是否定，根据“少者否定，多者肯定”在C.D答案中，我们选择答案C。 2.The question is so difficult that _ students can answer it. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 析：此句空格后面的students为可数名词，根据“少者可数多者不可数”，我们选A.B而筛去C.D，又因为The question is so difficult说明这个问题太难，题难则回答的学生太少、不多，表示否定，根据“少者否定多者肯定”故标准答案选A。下面提供一些练习不妨一试。 1.Do you want water? There is _left in my glass. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 2.There are a lot of new books，but _ of them are easy to read. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 3.Please hurry up, there is _ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 4.The box is very heavy, _ of us can lift it. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 5.Dont worry, we still have _ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 6.There are_ books left, we cant lend you any one. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 7.Li Ping has learned Russian for four years, and he can speak_ Russian now. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 8.There is _ink（墨水） in my pen, please give me_ A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 9.Give me another cup of tea please, There is _in this cup. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 10.Dont rush,there is still _ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 标准答案：1.D 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.C、D 9.C 10.D U3辨析when与whilewhen和while这两个词都可以作连词用，引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”。1）when表示的时间，既可以是短暂的，也可以是一段时间。它所引导的时间状语从句里的谓语动词，既可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的。例如：When I came back from school I had a short rest. 我放学回来后休息了一会儿。When I was writing she came in. 我在写东西时她进来了。2）while表示的时间是一段时间。因此，它所引导的时间状语从句里的动词，必须是延续性的。例如：While we were having dinner, the telephone rang. 当我们在吃饭时，电话铃响了。短语take off用法分析What was the girl doing when the UFO took off? 当飞碟起飞时，女孩在干什么？1）此处的take off意为“起飞”。例如：When will the plane take off? 飞机何时起飞？2）take off还可以作“脱下”讲，反义词为put on。例如：Put on your clothes. Dont take them off. 把衣服穿上，别把衣服脱下。巩固提高：熟记下列句子：1.当老师进来的时候，学生在讲话 When the teacher came in, the students were talking.2.妈妈正在做饭时，我到家了。 While my mother was cooking, I got home.3.爸爸在看报纸，我在看电视。 While my father was reading newspapers, I was watching TV.be surprised at sth. 对。感到吃惊（主语通常为人）be surprised to do sth. 吃惊的做某事 （主语通常为人）例如： 听了他的话，我们感到吃惊。 We were surprised at what he said.听到那个事故我惊讶不已。I was surprised to hear the accident.一、用正确的时态填空1、He （cook） in the kitchen at 12 oclock yesterday .2、She (write) a letter when I came in .3、The girl (shop) when the alien got out .4、While he (buy) souvenirs , a girl called the police .5、The barber （cut）my hair when they arrived .二、Fill in the blanks with when or while.1. What were you doing your father came in?2. She was drawing I was playing the piano.3. the police were running after a thief, it began to rain.4. -Im going to Shanghai for a holiday. - you are there, can you buy me some books?5. The girl was taking a shower the door bell rang.6. will they come back?7. She likes western food I likes Chinese food.8. they got to the airport, it was raining.9. he was reading, he fell asleep.单项选择1. When I went to see Lucy, she _ in bed reading. A. is lying B. is going to lie C. was lying D. lied2. -What _ you _ at 9:00 yesterday? -I _ a paper kite.A. did, do, make B. are, doing, am making C. were, doing, was making D. was, doing, was making3. Listen! I hear someone _ the violin in the room.A. playing B. to play C. plays D. play4. On the way to the office, I heard some children _ the English song.A. sang B. to sing C. sing D. singing5. When I was walking past the window, I saw Jack _ my homework. I really got _. A. copying, annoy B. copying, annoyed C. was copying , annoy D. is copying, annoyed用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. My son _（play）with the cat when I was in kitchen.2. While the girl was shopping, the alien _（get）out.3. The boy was walking down the street when a UFO _（land）.4. While it was looking at the souvenirs, the shop assistant _（call）the police.5. What _ you _（do）at nine oclock last Sunday morning?6. He _（lie）on the ground when I saw him.Key: 1.was playing 2.got 3.landed 4.called 5.were, doing 6.was lyingunit 4 宾语从句要注意的问题：1、引导词（又称连词）2、陈述句语序（即主语+谓语）3、时态1）当主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。2）当主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）3）虽然主句是一般过去时，但从句是客观真理或客观事实，从句用一般现在时。1.The teacher said that the earth goes (go)around the sun.2.The old man said that light travels (travel) faster than sound.宾语从句练习题一、单选题（陈述句语序）1、She is new here. I dont know .A where she is from B where is she from C where does she come from2、She said she three languages.A could say B could speak C can speak D could talk3、I asked you where go. A we will B will we C we would D would we4、Could you tell us yesterday? A what do they do B what did they do C what they did D what they do5、When Bill got home, he said to his mum he really hungry. A is B was C will be D be 6. The professor said that light _ faster than sound. A. travelsB. traveledC. travel 7.The teacher told _. A. Mary not to be late B. Mary to be not late C. Mary are not late D. not to be late8.He asked her _. A. where she were going B. where she was going toC. where she was going D. where she is going9.The fight started when she asked me if she my homework.A could copy B can copy C copies D copied二、用所给词的适当形式填空（时态）1.He told me he (will) write to me if he got there.2.I (call) you tomorrow.3.He told me he (call) me tomorrow.4.She said she (can) speak English.5.Mary said she (go) to the cinema every Saturday.6.Tom said he (fly) to New York the next day.7. Lana said she _ _ (isnt ) mad at Marcia any more.8.The teacher tells the child _ _(not draw) on the wall.9.His mother told him (study) hard.10.The teacher said that the earth _ _(go) around the sun.不再 not. any longer=(no longer) longer是副词long的比较级，主要用来表示时间或距离的“不再”，意在对现在的情况和过去的情况加以比较，所以多用于现在时。它一般修饰延续性动词，表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去。 You are no longer a child. = You arent a child any longer. 你已不再是个孩子了。 He no longer lives here. = He doesnt live here any longer. 他不再住这里了。 notany more/anymore（= no more），more是many / much的比较级主要用来表示数量和程度，一般常修饰非延续性动词，表示动作不再重复发生，它所表达的是never again或“没有更多”的含义。 The baby no more cried. = The baby didnt cry any more. 这个小孩不再哭了。U5if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。1 If you become a professional athlete, you will be able to make a living doing something that you love.2 If you become famous, people all over the world will know you.3 If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.4 If you play sports for a living, your job will sometimes be very dangerous.5 If you become rich, you will have a different time knowing who your real friends are.1. If you watch TV now, you _ the homework tonight.B. dont finish B. wont finish C. didnt finish D. arent finish2. If you bring food to the party, the teachers _.A. take it away B. take away it C. will take it away D. will take away it3. Im surprised _ that you wont go to college.A. to hear . B. hearing C. hear D heard4. Jim asked me _ him with his math.A. help B. helping C. helped D. to help5. My mother let me _ my room every day.A. clean B. to clean C. cleans D. cleaning6. If it _, I will go to the park tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain疑难问题解析：1. becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job. 注：动词作主语，要用ing形式。例如：l _(drink) milk every day is good for our health.l _(play) computer games too much is bad for our health.l _(成为一名律师) is my dream.2. youll be able to make a living doing something you love. 注：make a living意为“谋生”。句中doing前省略了介词by，即make a living (by) doing sth，意为“靠做某事谋生”。例如：l My grandfather _(make) a living _(fish) twenty years ago.l His father _. 他的爸爸靠卖面包为生。3. This is a great chance that many people do not have.注1: 句中的that many people do not have为定语从句，用来修饰说明前面的先行词a great chance。定语从句将在下学期的第5单元学习，让我们翘首以待吧！注2: chance 用作名词，意为“机会”其后接不定式或“of +动名词/名词”，即have a chance to do sth/ have a chance of doing sth/sth. 例如：l I dont have a chance _(go) to Australia. l He hopes _. (有机会作一名演员)7.艰难/费力地做某事 I had a really hard time with science this semester.have a really hard/difficult time with sth. have a really hard/difficult time doing sth.3. _ to college is the most important thing in his lifeA. GoingB. Go C. Went D. Gone4.Those poor boys made a living by_ newspapers in the street.A. sell B. selling C. to sell D. sells5. At last I had a difficult time _ (find) his house1. Drinking, playing, becoming a lawyer2. made, fishing, makes a living (by) having a bake sale.3. to go, to have a chance to be an actor/ to have a chance of being an actor.U6现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直延续的动作。现在完成进行式结构：have / has +been+ doing/1I have been writing the letter since then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）2I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。3 How long have you been living here?你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（“居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续）现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：1现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性：2如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束，3现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可：since和for的用法与区别for接一段时间，since接时间点eg:We have lived here since 2000. We have lived here for 10 yearsSince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。) 小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。 8. (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years1.Jimmy has been teaching (teach) English for 5 years.2.He has been playing (play) football since he was 9.3.We have been working (work) here since last Sunday.4.My father has been collecting (collect) park tickets for 10 years.5.My little brother has been watching (watch) TV for 3 hours.6.Sam and I have been reading (read) magazines for half an hour7.The students and teacher have been cleaning (clean) the classroom since 2 oclock.1、three and a half years =three years and a half三年半-How long can I keep the book? - _ .A. half days B. two and half a days C. half a day D. a half day2 一座有花园的房子a house with a garden 一所带游泳池的房子a house with a swimming pool1._ have you been skiing? Half a year.A. How longB. How oftenC. How farD. When2. He _TV for three hours, and hes still watching now.A. has beenB. watchedC. has been watchingD.is watching3. Sam _ coins since he was eleven years old, and now he has hundreds of them.A. collected B. had collected C. has been collecting D. had been collecting4. Sally has been swimming _ four hours. A. for about B. since C. about D. /5. -How long have you been running ? -Since _ .A. two hours B. two hours ago C.I am ten years old D. for two hours3、the+比较级, the+比较级此句型意为“越就越”， 前一个“the +比较级”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the + 比较级”为主句，从句不可用将来时。The earlier you start, the sooner youll be back. (=If you start earlier, youll be back sooner.)你出发得越早,回来得就越早。 The more you practice, the better you can understand. (=If you practice more, you can understand better.)你练习得越多，理解得就越透。 The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 我越了解他就越喜欢他。The more I read the book，the more I liked it 这本书我越看越喜欢。 C. Remember this, children._ you are, _ mistakes you will make. A. The more careful；the more B. The more careful；the fewer C. The more carefully；the fewer D. The less careful；the less2. Remember this, children._ you write, _ mistakes you will make. A. The more careful；the more B. The more careful；the fewer C. The more carefully；the fewer D. The less careful；the less3._ he comes, _ I shall be. A. The sooner；the happy B. The sooner；the happier C. The sooner；happier D. Sooner；happier 4.The more you eat， _,A. the heavier are you B. the heavier you are C. you the heavier D. you are the heavier 5. The earlier you _ there, the less money it _. A. get；will cost B. will get；will cost C. get；cost D. will get，cost 6. The more, the _ (good).15. Im the last one to take a shower.the + 序数词 (first/ second/ .last) to do sth. “第几个做”， 例如：Gina is the first to know my e-mail address.He is the _ (two) person to swim in the sea.The Olympic Games are held _. A. every four years B. every four year C. every fourth years D. every four-yearsUnit7 Would you mind turning down the music?语法1.If you dont mind _ the door, Ill just open it. A. me open B. me to open C my to open D .my opening 2.Dont forget _(bring) your photos to school tomorrow.3.We decide _ (have) a party for Lana.1Would you mind _the new words for me?A copy B copying C to copy D copied 2-Would you mind having some juice? -_. A. No, of course not B. Yes, I would C. No, I would D. Yes, I will 3-Could you please _ so much noise?A. not making B. dont make C. not to make D. not make1、question 与 problem 1）MayIaskyousome_？我可以问你一些问题吗？ 2）Canyouworkoutthismaths_？你能算出这道数学题吗？ 3）I cant work out this maths _. Can you help me?我解答不了这道数学题，你能帮我的忙吗？ 4）This is a difficult _ to answer.这是一个难以回答的问题。2、有点晚（2个）a little late= a bit late一点水（2个）a little water= a bit of water3、你能请公车司机等5分钟吗？wait for sb.等某人wait