新世纪大学英语综合教程2unit4课文详解.doc

Text B积极思维的威力：幸福生活的秘诀雷米兹萨松积极思维就是将有利于成长、发展和成功的想法、话语和图像纳入大脑之中。积极思维就是期待良好与顺利的结果。积极思维的头脑期待幸福、愉悦与健康，还有在任何情况与行动中都会有成功的结局。大脑希望有什么，就能找到什么。并不是每个人都会接受或相信积极思维的好处。有些人会认为这样的话题完全是一派胡言，另外的人对相信和接受积极思维的人嗤之以鼻。而那些熟悉这个话题的人中，知道如何有效地行动而达到理想结果的也不算多。不过，关注这个话题的人似乎越来越多，相关书籍、讲座和课程越来越多，就是明证。这个话题已越来越流行。常听人们对那些情绪低落而焦躁的人说：“想开点！”绝大多数人不把这样的话当回事儿，因为他们不知道这话的真实含义，或者觉得它并不实用。试问，在你认识的人当中，有多少人曾经停下来思考过积极思维的威力到底意味着什么呢？阿伦申请了一份新工作，但他对自己评价很低，认为自己是个失败者，没有成功的资本，因此肯定自己不可能得到这份工作。他对自己的想法是消极的，相信其他的应聘者比他好，比他更有资格。阿伦有这样的想法是因为他之前申请过的工作大多都没有成功，因此会有消极的体验。面试前的整整一个星期，他的脑子中都充满着关于那份工作的消极想法和恐惧。他肯定自己不会被录取。面试那天，他睡过头了，然后惊恐地发现他打算穿的衬衫竟是脏的，而另外一件还要熨烫。因为已经来不及了，所以他穿着皱巴巴的衬衫就出门了。面试过程中他很紧张，表现得很消极，顾虑着他的衬衫，再加上没时间吃早餐已经是饥肠辘辘。所有这一切都让他分心，让他很难把精神集中在面试上。他的整体表现给面试官留下了极坏的印象，结果他的恐惧就变成了现实，没有得到这份工作。吉姆也申请了同一份工作，但他对此事的态度截然不同。他很肯定自己会得到这个工作。面试前的一个星期里，他经常想象自己给面试官留下好印象，并得到这份工作。面试前的那天晚上，他准备好了第二天要穿的衣服，提早了一点睡觉。面试那天，他比平时起得早了些，有充足的时间吃早餐，然后提前到达面试地点。他被录取了，因为在面试中表现很好。当然，他也具备相应的工作资质，但阿伦也同样具备。从这两个故事中，我们能学到什么呢？这里有什么魔法吗？没有，一切都自然不过了。态度积极时，我们会保持愉快的心情和积极的意象，在脑海中看到自己真正希望发生的情形。那会使人眼神明亮，更有活力，感觉更幸福。整个身心散发出善意、幸福和成功的感觉。甚至健康也会受到有益的影响。我们会昂首挺胸，声音也会更加中气十足。我们的肢体语言能折射出内心的感觉。积极和消极的思维都是有传染性的。所有的人都会用这样那样的方式影响到周围的人。这种影响是本能的、下意识的，通过思想感情的交流以及肢体语言得以实现。人们可以感受到我们是如何看待自己的，从而受到我们想法的影响。也难怪我们希望接近积极的人，而会避开消极的人。如果我们积极乐观，人们就比较愿意帮助我们。他们不喜欢周身散发出消极气息的人，而且会加以回避。要使大脑习惯积极思维，必须掌握相关知识，并且接受训练。态度和思想的改变并非一朝一夕。思想的威力是强大的，时刻在改变着我们的生活。这种改变通常是在无意识中完成的，但这个过程也可能变成有意识的。就算这个想法感觉有点奇怪，也不妨一试，因为不会有什么损失，有的只是收益。如果你改变自己的思维方式，不要理会别人对你的说法或看法。只想象顺利的和有益的情形。内心对话也好，跟别人谈话也好，使用积极的词汇。多一些笑容，因为微笑有助于积极思维。不理会任何偷懒的想法或是想放弃的念头。只要坚持下去，你就能改变你大脑的思维模式。close一旦有消极的念头进入脑海中，你就得意识到这一点，并且用积极的想法将其取而代之。消极的念头会试图再度进入你的大脑，那么你也得再次用积极想法取而代之。就好像是你面前有两张图片，你选择看着其中一张，而忽视另一 张。坚持下去，你的大脑最终将学会积极思维而忽略消极想法。你眼下的处境怎样，都不重要。积极思维、期待顺利的结果和情形，情况自会相应改变。可能要过些时间才能看出变化，但变化肯定会有的。admit into permit to enter; let in 允许入内1. The narrow windows admit little light into the room.2. You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.3. He would not admit into his mind the thought that he might fail.Image imid n. C a picture of an object in a mirror or in the lens of a camera; a picture formed in the mind 镜像，图像；（头脑中的）形象；概念Expansion ikspnn n. C; U an act of increasing or making sth. increase in size, amount or importance 扩展；扩张；膨胀Outcome autkm n.usu. sing.; (of) an effect; result 一般用单数；常与of连用效果；结果，后果1. The outcome of the election is satisfactory.2. The talks had a better outcome than we had expected.3. Whatever the outcome, I hope we will remain good friends.Nonsense nnsns n. U statements, ideas, etc., that go against good sense; rubbish 荒谬的话想法等；胡说，废话Evidence evidns vt.fml usu. pass. indicate clearly; exemplify or prove 正式一般用被动语态证明1. The city has taken on a new look as evidenced by a forest of tall buildings.2. The past few years have witnessed (见证) unusually warm weather, as evidenced by both mild winters and hot summers.3. There appears to be no conclusions on this view by scientists, as evidenced by the report.Popularity ppjulrti n. U the quality of being well liked, approved of, or admired 普及，流行，受欢迎Down daun a. sad; in low spirits; depressed 悲哀的；情绪低落的，沮丧的1. There are lots of things that can make you feel down or depressed.2. Young man, theres no need to feel down. Cheer up!3. In those days, whenever I felt down, I would go out and take a long walk.self-esteem selfisti:m n. U ones good opinion of ones own worth 自尊（心）；自负，自大unworthy nw:i a. (of) not having the necessary qualities to deserve sth., esp. respect 常与of连用 不值得，不配unworthy of not deserving (respect, attention, etc.) 不值得，不配1. Its an idea thats unworthy of serious consideration.2. She married a man who was unworthy of her love.3. He considered himself unworthy of the honour they had bestowed on him.Applicant pliknt n. (for) a person who makes a request, esp. officially and in writing, for a job, for entrance to a school or university, for theatre tickets, etc. 常与for连用 申请人Manifest mnifest vt. (in) fml show (sth.) plainly 常与in连用正式显示；表明Concerning kns:ni prep. rather fml about; with regard to; in connection with 较正式关于1. The police are anxious for any information concerning the murdered woman.2. We have several questions concerning the report.3. We have received many calls from young children concerning lost pets.Reject ridekt vt. refuse to accept, consider, or use 拒绝（接受，考虑，使用）1. Lauren firmly rejected her parents offer of financial help.2. She completely rejected the idea that her husband had cheated on her.3. Gibson rejected the idea as foolish.to ones horror to ones great shock, fear or disgust 令某人震惊 惊恐憎恶 的是1. To his horror, his son was arrested by the police for theft.2. Much to my horror, I found my shirt was wet with blood.3. Devon discovered to his horror that his little sister was missing from school.Iron ain vt. make (clothes) smooth with an iron 熨平（衣服）Wrinkle rikl v. (esp. of the skin) (cause to) form into lines, folds, etc., esp. for a short time （尤指皮肤）（使）起皱纹，（使）皱起来Tense tens a. having, showing, or causing nervous anxiety 紧张的，焦虑的，着急的1. I always feel tense after driving all day.2. He is tense with anxiety because he has not heard from her for a whole week.3. Is anything wrong? You look a little tense.Display displei vt. rather fml show (esp. a feeling or quality) 较正式显露，流露（感情）；显示，表现（能力）1. There are ten piano pieces, each written to display the talents of individual players.2. He displayed great courage throughout the incident.3. She tried to display to us her self-control over her husbands death, but when she saw me, she broke down.Distract distrkt vt. (from) take (a person or their attention) off sth., esp. for a short time 常与from连用（尤指短暂地）使（人）分心；分散（注意力）1. As she was reading, Mary was constantly distracted by a boy singing in the next room.2. It was another attempt to distract attention from the truth.3. He is easily distracted from his work.focus on give special attention to 集中（注意力）于 1. We must focus our attention on two major problems.2. Research will focus on the people living in the countryside.3. She tried to focus her mind on her work.Overall uvr:l a. including everything 包括一切的，全部的1. The overall cost of the exhibition was 400,000. 2. The overall result is satisfactory although there is much room for improvement.3. We dont want all the details now, just the overall picture.Materialize mtirilaiz v. (cause to) become real or actual 实现，成为现实Approach prut vt. begin to consider or deal with 开始考虑，对付，处理1. It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.2. Whats the best way of approaching this matter?3. A traditional computer approaches a problem in a primitive way.Visualize vizjulaiz -u- vt. (as) form a picture of (sth. or sb.) in the mind; imagine 常与as连用 在脑中使（某人或某物）形象化；设想，想像Qualification kwlifikein n. C (for) an ability, quality, or record of experience that makes a person suitable for a particular job or position 常与for连用 资历，资格；（限制）条件Entertain enttein vt. have in the mind; consider 怀有；接受1. He had entertained thoughts of marrying her and raising a family, but then he changed his mind, for he wanted to pursue a PhD degree.2. I would never entertain any doubt about his good intentions.3. I had entertained hopes of returning home until I was captured by an enemy soldier.in ones minds eye in ones imagination or memory 在某人脑海中，在某人记忆中1. She paused from her reading and began imagining the scene in her minds eye.2. I cant remember her name, but I can clearly see her in my minds eye.3. I have one particular friend in my minds eye at this moment.Broadcast br:dk:st vt. make widely known 使广为传播，散布1. There is no need to broadcast the news that he has lost his job.2. Dont go broadcasting what Ive told you all over the office.3. I dont like to broadcast the fact that my father owns the very company where youre working.Beneficial benifil a. (to) (esp. of an action or event) producing favourable effects or useful results 常与 to 连用 （尤指行动或事件） 有益的，有利的，有用的 walk tall show pride and self-confidence 理直气壮，信心十足1. Whether you win or lose, you should walk tall.2. Having expressed my honest opinion in front of them all, I felt I was walking taller and the ground I walked on seemed firmer.(in) one way or another somehow 想方设法1. He always seems to win one way or another.2. Well find the missing boy, one way or another.3. One way or another, Roberts will have to pay for what hes done.Instinctively instiktivli ad. （出于）本能地；（出于）天性地；（来自）直觉地Subconscious sbkns a. no comp. (of thoughts, feelings, etc.) not fully known or understood by the conscious mind; present at a hidden level of the mind 无比较级（思维、感情等）下意识的，潜意识的，有模糊意识的subconsciously sbknsli ad.Transference trnsfrns n. U fml 正式交流；转移Disposed dispuzd a. fml willing 正式乐意的，愿意的Dislike dislaik vt. not in progressive forms consider unpleasant; not like 不用进行式不喜爱，厌恶1. Why do you dislike the new teacher so much?2. Eldridge was a quiet man who disliked social occasions.3. I dislike having to get up so early in the morning.Negativity negtivti n. U fml a tendency to consider only the bad side of sth. or sb.; a lack of enthusiasm or hope 正式否定性；消极性Overnight uvnait ad. suddenly 一下子，突然Mighty maiti a. esp. lit or bibl very great in power, strength, size, etc. 尤文或圣经强有力的，强大的give it a try try 尝试1. What are the chances for getting tickets now? I guess I could give it a try.2. If you do not keep a dream diary, I strongly recommend that you give it a try.3. I dont think Ill be any good at tennis, but Ill give it a try.Ignore ign:(r) vt. take no notice of; refuse to pay attention to 不顾；不理；忽视1. You cant ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison.2. He has completely ignored her words; instead, he sticks to his own theory.3. I made a suggestion but they chose to ignore it.Inner in(r) a. no comp. of the mind or spirit 无比较级精神的，心灵的，内心的Disregard disrig:d vt. pay no attention to; treat as unimportant or unworthy of notice 不顾，不理会；无视，漠视Laziness leizinis n. U 懒惰；懒散Quit kwit v. (quit, quit or quitted, quitted BrE英) infml stop (doing sth.) and leave 非正式停止（做某事）；辞职1. Bill was cold, hungry and tired and he wanted to qu