基础知识英文问题.doc

Part Two Questions and answers on general tourism knowledge导游基础知识题库 共120题 What are the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac or Shengxiao?Mouse, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep(goat), Money, Rooster, Dog and Pig. What flower is the symbol of Buddhism and what does it represent? Lotus. It represents purity. What are the ten major scenic sights in China? They are the Great Wall, the Scenery of Guilin, the West Lake in Hangzhou, the Palace Museum in Beijing, the Gardens in Suzhou, Mt.Huangshan in Anhui, the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River, the Sun Moon Lake in Taiwan, the Imperial Summer Villa in Chengde and the Terracotta Warriors in Xian. What are the Three Friends of Winter or Sui Han San You in Chinese traditional culture? Why are they so called and What do they represent? They are bamboo, pine tree and plum tree. These plants grow in the harsh weather while others wither and fall. They represent uprightness and perseverance which are greatly valued in traditional culture. What are the four most popular plants for literary painters and why are they popular? Plums, orchids, bamboo, chrysanthemum They are elegant and have no vulgar taste They are symbolic of certain moral qualities Pride, persevering spirit, uprightness, purity What are the three categories of tea according to the tea processing methods? Please give an example for each type. Tea in China falls into three categories, namely non-fermented tea, semi-fermented tea and fermented tea. Longjin Green Tea is an example of non-fermented tea, Wulong Tea semi-fermented tea and Black Tea fermented tea. Please name the six noted ancient water towns south of Yangtze River.Wuzhen, Xitang, Luzhi, Zhouzhuang, Tongli and Nanxun. Please give examples of two types of Chinese alcoholic drinks and explain what they are made from. Shaoxing Rice Wine or Yellow Wine. It is made from rice. Guizhou Moutai. It is made from wheat. Who is worshiped as the great teacher by the Taoist followers? Which book is considered his masterpiece? Lao Zi. The book is Tao De Ching or the Tao of Wisdom. What are the four famous Holy Buddha Mountains in China? Why are they considered holy by Buddhists? The four famous Holy Buddha Mountains are: Mt. Wutai in Shanxi Province, Mt. Emei in Sichuan Province, Mt. Putuo in Zhejiang Province and Mt. Jiuhua in Anhui province. They are the places where Boddhisattvas perform rites. Samantabhadra, Manjusri, Goddess of Mercy(Guanyin), and Kshitigarbha. What are the four famous grottoes in China? What are they famous for? Dunhuang Mogao Grottos, Yungang Grottos in Datong, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, and Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui Buddhist sculptures, painted murals and frescos, and Buddhist manuscripts Please name at least five world cultural heritages of China. Palace Museum, Gardens in Suzhou, Mogao Grottoes, Chengde Summer Resort, Potala Palace, Emperor Qins Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors, Royal Mausoleum of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Confucius Temple in Qufu, Lijiang Ancient Town, and the Great Wall, etc. Chronologically, what are the dynasties in Chinese history?They are: Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Three Kingdom, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Yuan, Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. Please name the Five Sacred Mountains in China. They are: Mt. Taishan in Taian City, Shandong Province; Mt Huashan in Huayin county, Shaanxi Province; Mt Henshan in Henshan County, Hunan Province; Mt. Henshan in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province and lastly Mt. Songshan in Dengfeng County, Henan Province. What are the three most famous pavilions along the Yangtze River?What stories or historical figures are related to them? Yueyang Pavilion in Yueyang City, Hunan Province; Fan Zhongyan Huanghe Pavilion in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Story or Li Bai and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. Wang Bo How long is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal? What are the fiver great rivers it connects? The Grand Canal runs from Tongzhou, Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south with a length of about 1747 km ( or1800 km). It connects five westeast rivers, namely Hai River, Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River, and Qiantang River. China is famous for its traditional handicrafts. What are the “three national treasures” of Chinese handicrafts? They are the cloisonn from Beijing, the porcelain from Jingdezhen and the tuotai ( )lacquer from Fuzhou. Please name four most famous love stories in China. White Snake Lady, the Romance of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, Meng Jiangnv Looking for Her Husband, and the Cowherd and Girl Weaver. Whats the symbol of tourism of China? What is its origin? The symbol of tourism of China is the “Horse on Flying Swallow”. It originates from the eastern Han Dynasty bonze ware “Horse on Flying Swallow”, the galloping horse with its right hind foot on a flying swallow China is known for its culinary art. What are the eight major cooking styles in China?Shandong cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Huaiyang cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Fujian cuisine, Anhui cuisine and Zhejiang cuisine. What are the four treasures of study?What are most famed pieces? the Xuan paper, Xuanzhou, Anhui the Hu writing brush, Huzhou, Zhejiang the Hui ink stick , Shexian, Anhui and the Duan inkslab, Duanxi, Guangdong Please name at least five famous gardens in Suzhou and the time they were first created. Surging Wave Pavilion in North Song Dynasty Garden of Master of Nets(Fisherman), in South Song Dynasty Lion Grove, in Yuan Dynasty Humble Administration Garden, in Ming Dynasty Lingering Garden, in Ming Dynasty Please name five major scenic spots in Shanghai. The Bund, Yu Garden, Oriental Pearl Tower ( Pudong New Area/District), Jade Buddha Temple Peoples Square. What is the name of the highest building in Shanghai? How high is it? The building is Shanghai World Financial Center. It is 492 meter high and located by Shanghai Jin Mao Building in Pudong New Area/district. What is the slogan of 2010 Shanghai World Expo? What is the name of the mascot? What is the duration of the expo? What is the number of visitors expected? The slogan is Better city, Better life. The name of mascot is Haibao. The duration is from May.1st to Oct.31st 2010. 70million visitors are expected. 26.What are the most important philosophies that form the core of Chinese traditional culture?What are their relations? Confucianism,Taoism, Buddhism Confucianism forms the ethical basis balanced by Taoism emphasizing individual life and Buddhism stressing benevolence 27.What are the three most famous ancient dramatic forms in the world? Chinese drama Indian Sanskrit drama ancient Greek comedy and tragedy 28.Who are the four famous actors playing female-roles in Beijing Opera? Mei Lanfang Cheng Yanqiu Xun Huisheng Shang Xiaoyun29.What are the characteristics of Chinese calligraphy? The script form of Chinese character is the basis of the beautiful visual image of calligraphy. The pen and ink, and how the pen goes are the two factors of the beautiful visual image of calligraphy. The spirit of the calligraphy works lies in its emotion and uniqueness. 30.How many nationalities believe in Islam are there in China? In what regions do they have compact communities?a)Ten.b) Xinjiang autonomous region, Ningxia autonomous region,and some areas in Gansu, Qinghai and Yunnan. 31.What are the basic religious doctrines of Christianity? the Trinity: the union of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. The church was built by Christ. Mankind was created by God in terms of his own image.32.What are the two basic elements of Chinese buildings? building components decoration33.What are the characteristics of composition of Chinese palace buildings? All palace buildings are constructed according to the principle of central axial symmetry. Miao(Ancestral temple) is located at the front left of the palace and altar of land and grain at the front right. The halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, are located at the front of the palace and the living quarters for the imperial residence at the rear. 34.Where is The Temple of Heaven located? What was its major function?a)In the south of Beijing.b)It is a place where the emperors in Ming and Qing Dyanasty went to worship heaven and prayed for good harvest.35.How many kinds of categories can Chinese gardens be divided into in terms of geographical location? What are the examples?a)Threeb)garden in the northern China Chengde Summer Resortc)garden on the Yangtze Delta Lingering Garden in Suzhoud)Lingnan garden, Qinghui Garden in Guangdong36.How many kinds of categories can Chinese tourist cities be divided into? What are they?Four. historical and cultural cities cities with natural landscape emerging cities comprehensive mega-cities37. What is the major difference in dietary culture between China and Western countries? Chinese cuisine focuses on flavour, smell, colour and appearance. Western cuisine focuses on recipe.38. What are the benefits of drinking tea? Improve your spirit. Remove the effects of alcohol Help digestion Prevent decayed tooth Reduce the risk of cancer Reduce blood pressure39. Name two schools of Chinese WuShu and briefly explain the features of their movements. Shaolin Boxing, showing resolution and strength in its quick and rhythmical movements Wudang, featuring beautifully and smoothly stringed movements 40. What does Wushu culture entail? All the cultural phenomenon related to Wushu, including Wushu skill. It is reflection of values, ethics of Wushu.41. Please name 3 traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Acupuncture, skinscraping, cupping42. What would you consider when judging an ancient porcelain work?a)“standardized porcelain” bears identified time and was excavated from a traceable tomb; b)documents and papers that directly or indirectly record porcelain industries and development; c)layers data of kiln sites; d)the influence between official kilns and folk kilns; e)the influence from the other arts at the same period.43. What would you do to check the quality of a porcelain handicraft?a) Looking, look whether the glaze is smooth, the shapes is deformed, the image is complete and the bottom is even; b)listening, listen the sound while gently beating the porcelain; c)comparing, compare the other accessories; d)trying out, try cap if any, try to fix.44. What are the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty?Where are they located?a)Royal Kiln, b)Ding Kiln, Quyang, HeBeic)Ru Kiln, Ruzhou, Henand)Jun Kiln, Yuzhou, Henane) Ge Kiln.45. Please name 4 famous types of Jingdezhen porcelain Famille-rose Porcelain, Linglong porcelain, Blue-white Porcelain, Color-glazed porcelain46. What are the 7 aspects to appreciate jewelry and jade? Artistic model, gloss, texture, size, place of origin, creator or designer finishing time.47.What are the 6 commonest motives to travel?a)To relax physically and mentally, b)to explore and satisfy curiosity, c)to expand horizon and appreciate beauty, d)to engage in social activities, e)to pursue religious beliefs, f)to do business.48.How should a tour guide do to guide Australian tourists when taking into consideration of their typical personality?a)Dont compare the differences between Australians and other English-speaking people. b)Australians prefer beer and are likely to hit night markets. If they do so, remind them that they shouldnt follow any strangers. c)Adjust pronunciation because Australian accent varies from that of Britain and the US. d)Australian tourists are quite disciplined, but they are unlikely to do shopping or pick some optional programs.49. What are the 5 elements of eco-tourism?a)Prepared and responsible tourists, b)trained natives, c)eco-tourism managers, d)researcherse)government.50. What are the 4 scenic spots that are both natural heritage and cultural heritage in China?a)Mount Tai, b)Mount Huang, c)Mount Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha, d)Mount Wuyi.51.What are the features of eco-tourism?a)Its precondition is protection. b)Its object is natural scenery. c)It involves publics engagement. d)It needs scientific management and planning. 52. What are Chinese pagodas composed of? a) underground palace, b) base, c) body, d)steeple.53. Please list two highest-rank roof styles of Chinese traditional buildings and give examples. a)Double-eave hip roof, b) double-eave saddle roof.54. What different directions were represented by four animal guardians in ancient Chinese culture? a)Red phoenix, south, b)tortoise warrior, north, c)blue dragon, east, d)white tiger, west.55. What are the four Chinese animals considered national treasure? a)(giant) panda, b)golden monkey, c)white-flag dolphin, d)white-lipped deer.56. What are the four types of famous Chinese brocade?Where are they produced?a)Yun brocade, b)Song brocade, c)Shu brocade, d)Zhuang brocade.57. What are the most famous tourist attractions in honor of Confucius? Where are they? a)Kong Family Mansion, b)Confucius Temple, c) Cemetery of the Kong Family d) Qufu, Shandong province58. Give examples to illustrate the types of Chinese gardens in terms of owners? a) imperial gardens, Chengde Summer Resortb) private gardens, Zhuozheng Garden in Suzhouc) temple gardens, 59. What are the three quintessence forms of Chinese culture? a)Traditional Chinese medicine, b)Chinese calligraphy and painting c)Beijing opera. 60. What are the four wonders of Huangshan Mountain? a) the sea of clouds, legendary pines, hot springs picturesque rocks. 61. What do the three majestic halls in Forbidden City refer to？a)Hall of Supreme Harmony, b)Hall of Central Harmony, c)Hall of Preserving Harmony.62. What are the four essentials for the gardens of south of the Yangtze delta？ a) rockeries，b) waters，c)architecture，d)animals and plants.63. What are the four main role types in Peking Opera? a)Sheng (male roles), b)Dan (female roles), c)Jing (martial roles), d)Chou (clown roles).64. Briefly explain the features of The Three Gorges respectively. a)Qutang Gorgemajestic，b)Wuxia Gorgeelegant，c)Xiling Gorgedangerous.65. What are the sing and dance epics handed down by Tibetan nationality and Uyghur nationality? a)Tibetan nationalityThe Life of King Gesar, b)Uyghur nationalityUyghur Twelve Muqam.66. What are the three famed types of stones in China?a)Changhua bloodstone, b)Chingtian steatite, c) Fujian Shou Shan Tianhuang Stone67. What kind of flavour do MaoTai（China）, Wu Liang Ye Liquor and Yanghe Liquor belong to? a)Mao-Tai（China）soy sauce flavour，b)Wu Liang Ye Liquordense flavour，c)Yanghe Liquorpit flavour.68. What are the procedures of Cloisonne fabrication? (At least three) a) Base-hammering, b) polishing, c) baking, d) filigreeing e) soldering, f) welding, g) glazing69. What are the four types of famous embroideries in China?a) Suzhou Embroidery, b) Hunan Embroidery, c) Guangdong Embroidery, d) Sichuan Embroidery 70. What are the four famous gardens in China? Summer Palace, the Imperial Summer Resort in Chengde, Zhuo Zheng Yuan (Zhuozheng Garden), Liuyuan Garden(Lingering Garden) 71. What are the three types of cave-houses? a)hillside cave dwellings , b)the pit-style houses, c)the platform-style houses72. What are the four famous types of green tea in China?a)West Lake Longjing Tea, b)Suzhou Biluochun Tea, c)Xinyang Maojian Tea, d)Junshan Silver Needle Tea73. What are the four most famous schools of Chinese cuisine? a)Sichuan cuisine, b)Cantonese cuisine, c)Shandong cuisine, d)Huaiyang cuisine74. Name 3 mountains that fall into Danxia geomorphologic landscape. Which mountain does the name Danxia originate from? Where is the mountain? a) Wuyi Mountain, Qiyun Mountain and Longhu Mountain. b) Danxia Mountain in Renhua (Zhaoqing),Guangdong province75. Name three famous cultural heritage in the Huanghe River valley and their locations. a)Yangshao cultural heritage, b)Longshan cultural heritage, c)Dawenkou cultural heritage, Taian, Shandong. 76.Who is Confucius? commonly pronounced Kung Fu Tzu in Chinese a great thinker, politician and educator in the Chinese history. born in 551 BC in the state of Lu (modern day Shandong Province). giving advice to many rulers at his time. Offering private teaching with more than 3,000 students. His writings deal primarily with individual morality and ethics, and the proper exercise of political power by the rulers. He was honored by the emperors of China as “the Saint”. Confucianism has been the main stream of the traditional Chinese culture over more than 2,000 years. 77. What is the doctrine of Ren in Confucianism? Ren is the essence of Confucianism. Ren means Benevolence. Benevolence is to love all men. The way or Golden Rule for Ren is: What you do not want done to yourself, do not do unto others. The injuries done to you by an enemy should be returned with a combination of love and justice. 78. What are th