八年级英语上 Unit 3 A day out.doc

Unit 3 A day out单元课标要求类别新课标要求话题（Topic）Talk about some interesting places around the world.Talk about your trip to some interesting places.功能（Function）1. 提出建议做出回应提供新的信息2. 说明不利条件，表达自己的观点单词拓展（Words）ourselves, greeting, president, block, coach, traffic,interest, 短语记忆（Phrases）Keep fit, enjoy oneself, take a boat trip, go past, have a great/wonderful time, places of interest, at the beginning, feel sick, the whole world, all over the world, look just like, teach oneself, over a hundred of places of interest, go on a trip, at the front of, play hide-and-seek, in the end, at first.句型整理（Patterns）1. Im having a great time there.2. We just wanted to go into the park and enjoy ourselves.3. The whole world was there in front us.4. Shall we go to the Great Wall?5. Why dont we go to Beijing Amusement Park, too?6. Lets go to the Temple of Heaven and then play hide-and-seek in Beijing Amusement Park.7. Beijing Zoo is a fun place to visit.语法（Grammar）1，并列连词的用法2，动词不定式作宾语的用法3，反身代词在句子中的用法Part 1 Welcome to the unit一、知识讲解1. 单 词 greeting n. 问候 greetings 祝福语 greet v 致意, 欢迎 president n 总统, 国家主席 block n 街区 foreign adj 外国的【常用搭配】a foreign country 外国 a foreign language 外语 city n 城市 adj 城市的2. 短语u take a boat trip 坐船旅行u go past the Opera House 经过歌剧院u have a great time 玩得开心/过的愉快u take care 保重u sit in a little coffee shop by the River Seine 坐在塞纳河边的小咖啡店里u go to the top of the Eiffel Tower 去埃菲尔塔顶u the President of the USA 美国总统3. 句子 It is a beautiful building with a big garden and many trees. 它是一座带有一个大花园和许多树的美丽建筑. with是介词, 意为“有”,表示伴随.China is a great country with a long history.With a smile on his face, Mr. Shaw began his speech.二、针对性练习一、 根据首字母，中文提示完成句子1. We give each other g_ every morning when we meet.2. Bush is the p_ of the USA.3. Shanghai is one of the biggest _ (城市) in China.4. On my way to school, I walk _ (经过) a coffee shop every day.二、单项选择( ) 5. China is a great country _ a long history. A. has B. have C. with D. without( ) 6. Look at the children. _ good time they are having! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a三、句型转换7. We had a good time at the party yesterday. （同义转换）We _ _ at the party yesterday.8. They took a plane trip to Paris last week. （同义转换）They _ _ a trip to Paris _ _ last week.9. Take care not to fall into the water. （同义转换）_ _ not to fall into the water.10. My uncle lives in a new flat. It has twelve rooms. (合并成一句)My uncle lives in a new flat _ twelve rooms.【参考答案】一、1. greetings 2. president 3. cities 4. past二、5. C. “with”表示 “带有, 伴有, 具有” 6. B. 感叹句。在此用What引导。三、7. enjoyed ourselves 8. went on by plane 9. Be careful 10. with Part 2 Reading 一、知识讲解 Im having a wonderful time here.我在这儿玩得很开心。have a good/great/wonderful time =enjoy oneself 意思是“玩得快乐”，“玩的开心”，“过得愉快”。【注意】短语中的a不能少。enjoy oneself中的oneself随主语的变化而变化。 Kittys teacher Mr Wu invited me to join in their school trip to the World Park. 基蒂的老师吴先生邀请我参加了他们学校组织的去世界公园的旅行。invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。【注意】invite sb后面一定要用动词不定式to do sth.join in 表示参加某种活动。【辨析】join 和join injoin 表示参加某种团体组织。join in表示参加某种活动。join sb in doing sth. 加入某人的行列一起做某事。 It was a great day but we did not enjoy it at the beginning.这是快乐的一天，但一开始我们并不开心。at the beginning 意思是“开始时”，“起初”，反义词组是in the end【注意】beginning是名词，意思是“开始”，“起初”，“开端”。 The trip from Kittys school took about two hours by coach.从基蒂的学校坐大客车(到世界公园)需要大约两小时。take 意思是“花费”，“耗费”，主语是某物【注意】其常用结构是It takes sb. some time to do sth.by coach “乘长途汽车”， 表示乘某种交通工具。类似的词组还有：by bus, by underground, by taxi, by plane, by train, by ship, by bike, by sea, by air. Kitty and I felt sick for most of the trip.我和基蒂大部分路途都在晕车。feel sick意思是“感到呕吐，恶心”， sick是形容词，表示“患病的”，“有病的”，同义词是ill。【辨析】sick和 illsick和 ill都可以表示“患病”、“生病”，但ill在句中只作表语，sick可以作表语，也可以作定语。可以说sick people， 但不可以说ill people。 There was a lot of traffic on the city roads but it got better when we were on the highway.市内的公路上车辆很多，但上了高速公路就好多了。traffic 表示“交通、行驶的车辆”， 是不可数名词。 It was made of metal and really tall.这塔是由金属制成的，而且非常高。be made of 意思是“由制成的”【辨析】be made of, be made from, be made in, be made bybe made of “由制成的”,强调所制成的产品仍能看出原材料.be made from “由制成的”,强调所制成的产品看不出原材料.be made in “在制造的”,强调产品的产地.be made by “由(人)制成的”,强调所制成的产品由某人制成的. When I saw them, I couldnt believe my eyes.当我见到它们时，我都不能相信自己的眼睛。believe相信，信任。后面可接表示人或事物的名词或代词，也可接what或that从句。当believe, think, suppose等用于否定的复合句时，否定一般要转移到主句中。【辨析】believe与believe inbelieve 表示相信某人说的话是真的或相信某事会发生（或已发生）。believe in 多表示依赖某人或信仰某事物，相信其存在或价值，其后常接表示真理、宗教一类的词，接sb.作其宾语时指相信某人的人格。 Kittys classmate Daniel taught himself how to make a home page. 基蒂的朋友丹尼尔自学了网页制作。teach oneself意思是“自学”， 同义词组是learn(all)by oneself.【常用搭配】teach oneself/sb. sth.teach oneself/sb. to do sth.teach oneself/sb. how to do sth.二、针对性练习一、 从II栏中找出与I栏中相对应的释义I II( ) 1. traffic A. a bus for carrying passengers over long distances( ) 2. interest B. a main road between cities( ) 3. coach C. a journey to a particular place and back( ) 4. trip D. vehicles moving long on road or on street( ) 5. highway E. the quality that something has when it attracts somebodys attention二、根据首字母，中文提示完成句子1. They can go to visit the Science Museum by u_.2. My uncle i_ us to join in their trip to the Great Wall yesterday.3. Do you _(相信) what he said?4. Did you enjoy the party at the _ (开始), Sarah?5. There is a lot of _(交通) in the center of city.三、用所给词的适当形式填空1. The children enjoyed _ (they) at school last week.2. Mr. Wu told the little girl to take care of _(she).3. It was an _ (amaze) day but the weather was not fine.4. Are you feeling better? No, Im feeling even _ (ill)5. The Greens often go to some _ (interest) places in October.四、单项选择( ) 1. Do you know how to _ a home page _? A. do, itself B. make, yourself C. make, itself D. do, yourself( ) 2. There are lots of _ from all over the world in the World Park. A. interest of places B. interested places C. places of interest D. interest places( ) 3. The trip _ about three hours by bus. It was too _. A. spends, bored B. takes, bored C. spent, boring D. took, boring( ) 4. It _ us two hours to get to Beijing from Nanjing by air. A. take B. took C. spent D. cost( ) 5. -Why dont we go surfing tomorrow? -_ A. Youre great. B. Thats right. C. What a good idea! D. No, I dont.【参考答案】一、1. D. 2. E. 3. A. 4. C. 5. B.二、1. underground 2. invited 3. believe 4. beginning 5. traffic三、1. themselves 2. herself 3. amazing 4. worse 5. interesting四、1. B. “你自己制作网页” 2. C. “名胜古迹，旅游胜地” 3. D. 主语是事物，应用spend, 后一句中“was”提示应用一般过去时spent。“旅行无聊”用boring. 4. B. 句型是It takes sb. some time to do sth. 易误选A。 5. C. 对方提出建议，应答语为 “Good idea. Thats a good idea. Thats great! What a good idea!”参考译文 十月二十五日亲爱的妈妈，我在这儿过的很愉快。我去了一些很有趣的地方。基蒂的老师吴先生邀请我参加了他们学校组织的去世界公园的旅行。这是快乐的一天，但一开始我们并不开心。昨天上午，吴老师和其他同学在校门口等到我和基蒂后，大家一起上了一辆长途汽车。从基蒂的学校坐大客车(到世界公园)需要大约两小时。这令人厌倦。市内的公路上车辆很多，但上了高速公路就好多了。我和基蒂大部分路途都在晕车。最后，我们到了世界公园。天空是蔚蓝色的，一切是那么的美。当我们从上看到埃菲尔铁塔时，我们的情绪激动起来。这塔是由金属制成的，而且非常高。汽车停下时，我们很快地下了车，基蒂和我不再晕车了。我们只想进公园玩个痛快。很快，我们到了公园内。整个世界展现在我们面前！那里有来自世界各地的一百多个名胜，它们很小但却很美。金字塔看上去就像埃及的真的金字塔一样，金门桥看上去就像我们国内的一样，当我见到它们时，我都不能相信自己的眼睛。它们真的很奇妙。这是一个迷人的日子，但最有趣的是歌舞队伍，音乐很美妙，基蒂都想加入进去跳舞了。你可以在互联网上看到一些照片。基蒂的朋友丹尼尔自学了网页制作，他把照片放在网页上供大家欣赏。你亲自看看吧！爱你的琳达。Part 3 Grammar and usage一、知识讲解 1. 单 词 decide v. 决定 名词形式是decision 【辨析】decide to do sth，make up ones mind to do sth decide to do sth 决定做某事。指对某一行动、方针拿定主意，作出选择和判断。 make up ones mind to do sth 拿定主意、下决心做某事。指形成某一确定的意见或决定，较口语化。 prepare v 准备 prepare for 为准备 sunset n 日落 watch the sunset看日落 at sunset在日落时 possible adj 可能的 【常用搭配】 It is possible to do sth. 做某事是可能的。 asas possible 尽可能地 hide-and-seek n 捉迷藏 play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏 wonder vt 对感到疑惑；想知道 =want to known 奇迹 climber n 登山者 由climb+-er构成 luckily adv 幸好，幸运的是 它是形容词lucky的副词形式2. 短语u show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看u at Christmas 在圣诞节u go horse riding 去骑马u plan to do sth. 计划做某事u agree to do sth. 同意做某事u decide to do sth 决定做某事u choose to sit on the bus 选择坐在汽车上u hope to watch the senset 希望看日落u take photos 拍照u enjoy oneself 玩得开心/过的愉快u play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏u hurt oneself 伤害自己3. 句子 I wonder where Simon is hiding. 我想知道西蒙藏在哪里了。 wonder是动词, 意为“对感到疑惑；想知道”。后接疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句或动词不定式作宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序。 Simon is trying to pull himself up too. 西蒙也正努力地往上攀登。 此句中pull up意为“往高处攀登”。pull up还可意为“拔起来”，“吃力地站起来”二、语法梳理 连词and, but和orand, but和or都是并列连词，它们在句中不独立担任句中成分， 只是连接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句的作用。 and用来连接两个语法上相同的词、短语或句子，表示并列或附加关系。 Millie and Linda are good friends. She can sing and dance. His father plays badminton and the violin well. 【注意】and在连接人称代词时,通常单数按第二、第三、第一人称的顺序，复数按第一、第二、第三人称的顺序。如：You， he and I are in the same class. but 意思是“但是”，“然而”，“却”，可用来连接两个有对立或对照性关系的词、短语或句子，表示一种转折关系。如果连接两个相同的主语或两个相同的主语和动词，but后可以省去相同的部分。 He does well in English but isnt good at Chinese. She likes singing, but her twin sister likes drawing. 【注意】在英语中but不能与though/although（虽然）连用。 Tom is clever but he doesnt work hard. =Though Tom is clever, he doesnt work hard. or意思是“或者”，“还是”，“否则”，表示一种选择或转折关系。Which is your favorite, tea or coffee?You may stay at home or go to the cinema on Sunday.Hurry up, or youll be late.Put on your coat, or you will get cold.【注意】or 在连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与or后面的主语保持一致，即按照“就近原则”处理。Either he or I am going to wash the dishes.Mr. Green or Mrs. White teaches them English this term. 动词+不定式结构在英语中，有些动词后面可以跟一个不定式，这个不定式在句子中充当宾语。常用这种结构的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope/wish, learn, plan, prepare, want, start, begin.如:Do you agree to go with us to the Palace Museum next Sunday?When did your mother begin to study French?【注意】1. 有些动词后既可以跟一个不定式,也可以跟-ing形式,意思不变。如begin to do sth.=begin doing sth.start to do sth.=start doing sth.2. 有些动词后跟不定式和-ing形式，意思有很大区别。如：stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 mean to do sth. 想做stop doing sth. 停止做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 try to do sth. 努力做forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 try doing sth. 尝试做 动词不定式作宾语补足语，用于说明宾语的性质、身份、特征和行为情况。常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：want， would like, ask, tell, wish, order, advise, invite, 如: What would you like me to have for lunch? Our teacher advises us to eat healthy food and exercise more. 【注意】 1. 动词不定式的否定式是：not to do sth. My mother often tells me not to be late for school.2. 有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：let, make, have, feel, see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, find, notice. 如:We often hear the little girl play the piano at the weekends.The souvenirs make me think of my grandparents. 反身代词各种人称的反身代词如下：人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself，herself，itselfthemselves反身代词作宾语。如：My sister is teaching herself French.Your brother is old enough to look after himself.反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调的作用。如：They did the homework themselves.Lets do the hard work ourselves.Youd better ask Mary herself. 【常用搭配】 teach oneself sth. = learn sth. by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得快乐，玩的开心，过得愉快 hurt oneself 伤害自己 help oneself to 随便吃 say to oneself 自言自语 lose oneself in 沉浸于 do sth. by oneself 独自干 look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子 buy oneself sth. 给自己买 make oneself at home 就当在自己家里一样 三、针对性练习一、 选用but, and和or填空1. Our teacher is over fifty years old, _ she looks young.2. We can go to Hong Kong by plane _ train.3. The World Park is large _ beautiful.4. Kitty is a hard-working student _ she does well in her lessons.5. Man cant live without air _ water.6. The young nurse feels sick today, _ she still works hard.二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. The farmers agreed _ (help) us with our work.2. When did you finish _ (do) your lessons last night?3. I think you are tired now. Please stop _ (have) a rest.4. Do you still remember _ (send) me a letter last month?5. At last they decided _ (spend) the winter holiday in Harbin.6. Its already 11:00 pm. I dont want _ (go) out tonight.7. This morning, on my way to school, I found a wallet _ (lie) on the ground and gave it to the policeman.8. Do you have anything important _ (say) for yourself?9. We are looking forward to _ (visit) Paris.10. The poor child learnt _ (look) after herself when she was only five.三、用适当的反身代词填空1. Dont worry about me. I can look after _ at home.2. My sister taught _ Russia three years ago.3. Andy bought _ a pair of new jeans on May Day.4. Boys and girls, you must do the housework _.5. The storybook is so interesting that Nick loses _ in it.6. Thanks, Shirley. We all enjoyed _ at your party.7. The girl likes to be clean and tidy. She often looks at _ in the mirror.8. Here is a plate of fish. Please help _, Millie.9. Let Li Ming and Jill do it _.10. The story _ was very interesting. But he didnt tell it well.【参考答案】一、1. but 2. or 3. and 4. and 5. or 6. but二、1. to help 2. doing 3. to have 4. sending 5. to spend 6. to go 7. lying 8. to say 9. visiting 10. to look三、1. myself 2. herself 3. himself 4. yourselves 5. himself6. ourselves 7. herself 8. yourself 9. themselves 10. itselfPart 4 Integrated skills一、知识讲解 1. 单 词 final n. 决赛，最后的考试【常用搭配】the tennis final, the basketball finaladj. （内容上）最后的，后接单数名词。You make the final decision.【辨析】final和last final 指内容上最后的，后接单数名词。 the final exam the final matchlast 指时间上或次序上最后的或仅剩的。the last dollar the last three apples 【单词家族】 finally adv. 最后, 终于 support n. 帮助, 支持 vt 支持; 鼓励 【常用搭配】need ones support 需要某人的支持in support of 为了支持with ones support在某人的支持下【单词家族】 supporter n 支持者, 拥护者 cheer vi 欢呼, 喝彩 【常用搭配】cheer for sb. 为某人欢呼/喝彩cheer sb. on 给某人打气【单词家族】cheer n 欢呼, 喝彩声cheerful adj 兴高采烈的, 快乐的cheerfully adv 欢快地 cost n 费用, 价格 v 花费，耗费 【辨析】cost 与 price cost原价,成本;包括对事物所付出 的一切费用及时间、劳力等的代价。 price 价格；指商品出售时所定的价钱，尤指卖主所要求的价钱。【辨析】cost 与 spendcost 只能以表物的词语为主语（表示某物或某事花去某人多少金钱、时间或精力）。spend只能以表人的词语为主语（表示某人在上花多少金钱）。【常用搭配】the cost of living 生活费at the cost of 以为代价 per prep 每, 每一 【常用搭配】 per day 每日 per month 每月per year 每年 per cent 每百, 百分2 短 语u take place 发生，举行u cheer for 为喝彩u with ones support/help 在某人的支持/帮助下u presentation of cup and medals 授予奖杯和奖牌仪式u the cost of the trip 旅行的费用u per person 每人u play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏3. 句 子 The match takes place at South Hill School in Moonlight Town on Sunday, 7th November.比赛将于11月7日（星期天）在月光城的南山中学进行。take place 意思是“举行”，“发生”，“进行”。【辨析】take place 与 happen同义，只能以表事物的词语为主语，但有区别。take place发生，举行，常指有准备的举行。happen发生，常指在无意识无准备的情况下发生。 Dont forget to bring your friends!别忘了带你的朋友来。forget v 意为“忘记，忘却” 反义词是remember【辨析】forget to do sth. 与 forget doing sthforget to do sth.指忘记去做未做的事情。forget doing sth.指忘记曾经做过某事。【常用搭配】Forgive and forget 不念旧仇forget oneself in 沉浸于【单词家族】forgetful adj “健忘的”forget-me-not 忘忧草， 勿忘草 The winners receive the cup and the medals at the end of the final. 决赛结束时，获胜者接过奖杯和奖牌。 winner n 获胜者【辨析】receive 与 acceptreceive 意为“接收，领取”；accept意为“接受，答应（别人所提供的事物）“receive 是“收到”但不一定“接受”，而accept是“收到并接受”。at the end of 意思是“在结束/底/末”， “在尽头”at the end of this year/month/week/termat the end of the meeting/filmat the end of the road/street Shall we go to the Great Wall ? 我们去长城，好吗？Shall we do sth.? 这是一个表示建议的句型，意为“我们，好吗?”Shall we take different routes?【常用搭配】建议的几种表达a. Shall we?Shall we go for a walk after supper? b. Why not/dont we/you?Why not play badminton instead?c. What/How about?What about taking a taxi?d. Lets doLets play hide and seek.e. Wed/Youd betterWed better bring our lunch. What a great idea! 多么棒的主意啊！ 此句为感叹句。感叹句的构成：感叹句通常由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。（1）How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！（2）What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！（3）What+形容词+复数可数名词+主语+谓语！三、针对性练习一、 翻译词组1. 我们的校篮球队 2. 需要你的帮助3. 进入篮球赛的决赛 4. 发生5. 别忘记带上你的朋友 6. 为我们队加油7. 在校门口见面 8. 授予奖杯和奖牌仪式9. 到达南山学校 10. 玩捉迷藏二、动词填空1. They stopped _(play) football because it began to rain.2. -When _he_(come)? -When he _(come), Ill let you know. 3. So you told the monkey _(not bring) me anything. 4. They needed _(climb) the tree with a ladder. 5. Youd better _(ask) him _(not go) there alone. 6. The boss made the workers _(work) ten hours a day.7. Please stop _ (talk) when the teacher comes in. 8. Now let me _(call) your names. 9. Please remember _(take) the medicine twice a day . 10. I didnt finish _(write) the letter at that time. 三、翻译下列句子1. 决赛将在一中举行。The final match will _ _ at No. 1 Middle School.2. 没你们的支持，我们不会赢。Without _ _, we wont win.3. 比赛结束时，获胜捧走奖杯和奖牌。Th