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UNIT 1 The Winners Guide to Success Motivational experts reveal what drives them 成功者的成功之路 励志专家揭示其前进的动力 11 How do successful people think? What drives them? To find out, I interviewed some of the people most successful in motivating others: top motivational speakers and bestselling authors of “how-to-succeed” books. Here are seven keys to success that they share. 成功人士是怎麽想的什么在驱动着他们为了究探原由我访谈了一些最能成功激励大众的人士顶尖的励志演说者和 “如何成功”类畅销书的作者们。他们提出了7个关键点。 22 Take full responsibility. In a society in which people blame everyone from their parents to the government for their failure to get ahead, motivational superstars refuse to buy into the victim mentality. Their credo is “if its to be, its up to me.” 承担全部责任。在社会上有的人会将他们的失败归咎于他人从他们的父母到政府而励志超级之星们决不接受他们是受害人的思想。他们的信条是“如果没有成功责任在我。” 33 They realize that when you say someone or something outside of yourself is preventing you from succeeding, youre giving away your power. Youre saying, “ you have more control over my life than I do.” 他们认识到当你说是自身之外的某件事或某个人阻碍了你成功就是在举手投降。你是在说“别人比我更能控制我的人生。” 44 Consider Les Brown. Given up by his parents at birth and labeled “educable mentally retarded” as a child, he had every reason to lose hope. But when a secondary school teacher told him “someone else opinion of you does not have to become your reality,” Brown realized that his future lay in his own hands. He went on to become a politician and author, and today earns $20,000 per hour as one of Americas top motivational speakers. 想想Les Brown。一出生就被父母遗弃孩童时冠以“智力迟钝但尚可教育”他比任何人都更有理由失去信心。可当一位中学老师告诉他“别人对你的任何看法都不能成为你的事实”Brown意识到他的未来掌握在他自己的手中。经过不断努力他最终成为一个政治家和作家并且今天作为一个顶级励志演说者每小时能挣20000美元。 55 Brown understood that you cant control things in life such as nature, the past and other people. But you can control your own thoughts and actions. Taking responsibility for your life is one of the most empowering things you can do. Brown明白你无法操控生命中诸如自然、过去和他人等东西但是可以控制自己的思想和行为。对自己的人生负责是你能够做的最应该做的事情。 66 Live life “on purpose”. Perhaps what most separates motivational superstars from others is that they live life “on purpose”they are doing what they fully believe they were put here to do. “Having a purpose in your life is the most important element of becoming a fully functioning person,” says Wayne Dyer, author of the best-selling Your Erroneous Zones. “有目标”的生活。也许励志超级之星和他人最大的区别就是他们的生活是“有目标”的他们坚信作为一个人应干的事情。“在人生中树立一个目标是让你充分发挥能良的最重要要素。”Wayne Dyer最畅销书Your Erroneous Zones作者如是说。 77 Not living life on purpose consists of expending just enough effort to get by with the least amount of problems. When you live life on purpose, your main concern is doing the job right. You love what you do and it shows. People want to do business with you because they sense your commitment. 没有目标地生活表现在只要能得过且过就多一事不如少一事。当生活中有了目标你会主要关心把事做对。你热爱你所做的并且取得相应结果。人们想要和你做生意因为他们感到了你在为之奉献。 88 How do you live your life on purpose? By finding a cause you truly believe in and creating a business around it. Mike Ferry, who was once a salesman of audiotape programs, believed real-estate agents needed help to develop sales skills. So he started the Mike Ferry Organization, a training company for the real-estate industry. His company has generated more than $20 million a year in sales. 怎样做能让你过上有目标的生活找一项你认定的事业并为之努力。Mike Ferry,曾经是一位录音磁带节目的销售人员相信房地产代理商在发展销售技能方面需要帮助。于是他成立了Mike Ferry Organization一个训练房地产业销售技能的公司。他的公司获取了每年2千万美元的销售业绩。 99 Write out a plan. Trying to achieve your goals without an action plan is like trying to drive on unfamiliar roads to a distant city. The wasted time, energy and money will probably cause you to give up before very long. 写出计划。没有一个可行的计划想要达到目标就象开车在一条陌生的公路上通往一个陌生的城市一样会遇到重重困难。不会太久浪费的时间、精力和金钱可能将让你放弃。1100 One of Americas most successful sales trainers, speakers and authors, Brain Tracy, points out, “Goals that are no in writing are not goal at all. They are merely fantasies.” Brain Tracy,一位美国最成功的销售训练者、演说者和作家指出“没有写下来的目标根本不是目标。它们仅仅是幻想。” 1111 With a written map in hand, however, youll enjoy the trip and arrive at your destination in the shortest possible time. 手中有份已经勾画好的的地图无论怎样你都会享受旅程并会在尽可能最短的时间内到达目的地。 1122 Be willing to pay the price. Wanting a big house, a luxury car or a million dollars is nice, but the problem is that practically everyone wants these things. Successful people find out what it costs to make their dream come true and then make it happen. They dont complain about the work they take up. 学会付出代价。住大房子、开豪华汽车或是有100万美金是好的问题是几乎所有的人都想要这些。成功的人会意识到要付出什么样的代价来让梦想成真然后努力让梦想变为现实。他们不会抱怨开始从事的事情。 1133 Les Brown has a callus on his left ear. Why? “When I decided to get into speaking, I had no credentails, no reputation, no credibility or experience, soI had to call a lot of people,” he says. “I call up over a hundred people a day to ask for an opportunity to speak to their group. This callus is worth several million dollars!” 在Les Brown的左耳上有块老茧。为什么“当时我想进入演讲界我既没资历又无名气也没有可信性和阅历不得不给很多人打电话。”他说“我每天会给一百多个人打电话请求他们给我一次机会去给他们部门做演讲。这块老茧值几百万美元啊” 1144 Became an expert. One striking factor about the motivational speakers I interviewed is their phenomenal drive to be the best. Theyll do almost anything to improve their skills. 成为一个专家。在我所访问过的这些励志演说者所拥有的一项显著的要素就是他们有强烈的愿望要做到最好。他们会极尽全力的去提高技能。 1155 Patricia Fripp, who speaks to Fortune 500 executives on how to become more successful, took a comedy workshop and hired a private speech coach to improve her speaking ability. Fripp did this after being named one of the most electrifying speakers in North America by a trade magazine. Patricia Fripp,她是一位给给财富500强公司的总经理们做演讲,告诉他们怎样才能更成功的人参加过一个喜剧工作社并聘请了一个私人演讲教练来提高她的演讲能力。Fripp做这些的时候她已被一个商业杂志平为北美最令人激动的演讲者。 1166 If someone videotaped you at your job to make a “how-to” tape for other people, would you be proud of the tape or embarrassed? If the latter, decide today to work towards being the best in your field. Study the experts, find out what the best are doing, then do what they do. 如果有人录下你是如何工作的,并制成教他人 “how to”的带子你会为这盘带子而骄傲还是窘迫不安呢如果是后者下决心今天就在你的领域朝着最好而努力吧。向大师们学习发现他们在做什么向他们一样去做吧。 1177 Never give up. It may sound obviousbut when youre truly committed to your goal, giving up isnt even an option. You must be willing to do whatever it takes to make it happen. 永不放弃。这听起来是显而易见的但当你真的全力为实现目标而努力时绝不应有放弃的念头。必须全力以赴让它进行到底。 1188 When Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen compiled Chicken Soup for the Soul, they were turned down by more than a hundred publishers. But instead of giving up, they stayed focused on their goal. Eventually, a small outfit decided to publish the book. It not only became a best seller but also hatched an entire series of Chicken Soup books that have sold more than 12 millions copies. Thats the power of perseverance. 当Jack Canfield 和Mark Victor Hansen编纂完成Chicken Soup for the Soul后他们被一百多家出版社拒绝。但他们没有放弃他们坚定理想。最终一个小出版公司决定出版这本书。它不仅成为一本最畅销的书还又策划了一整套鸡汤从书已经售出超过一千二百套书。这就是坚定不移的力量。 1199 Spend as much of your day as you can on achieving your goals and dreams. Ask yourself, “Is what Im doing now bringing me closer to my goal?” If not, do something that will. 为了达到目标实现梦想需要投入你所有的时间。扪心自问“我现在所做的是否能让我离目标更近”如果没有就做些能离目标近的事吧。 2200 Dont delay. In his book Live Your Dreams, Les Brown recalls talking on the phone with a friend named Marion. The next day she died. Later Brown was helping clean out her office when he came across some notes for a play. Unfortunately, it would never be published. Marion was the only one who knew the ending.别耽误时间。在Les Brown的Live Your Dreams一书中回忆道他曾和一个叫Marion的朋友打电话。第二天她就去世了。后来Brown去帮着清理她的办公室时偶尔看到了些写着一个剧本的便签。不幸的是它再也不会出版了。Marion是唯一知道结局的人。 2211 Remember, we dont have time forever. Top achievers know this, but rather than seeing it as negative and depressing, they use the knowledge to spur themselves on. They go after what they wantenergetically and passionately accomplishing their dreams. You can do. 记住我们不会永远都有时间的。顶尖成功者们知道这点他们以此来鞭策自己前进而不是将其作为负面影响和压力。他们追求他们所要的精神饱满并情绪激昂地去实现他们的梦想。你也能。我们会变得更睿智吗IQ值在20世纪稳步上升。科学家寻找原因他們使遗传因子和生活经验这两个因素对智商的决定作用显得更清楚。 问题一警察让Tony, Funior叔叔, Silvio, Psulie Walnuts和Livia站成一排编号从左到右分别是1到6。当中有一个空位。Livia是从左边数第三个人Tony紧靠在Funior叔叔的左边。如果Psulie Walnuts站在6的位置上并且没有人在他旁边Silvio在哪里 问题二7年前Jack的年龄是Jill的3倍。如果Jack现在比Jill大5岁他多大 当一代一代的在校孩子军队新兵工作应征者和门萨智商测试效仿者极力和这些问题奋斗时一些敏锐的科学家在研究智力时被更令人恼怒的难题难住为什么IQ值在上升并且不仅在这里和那里上升一点而是激增英国自1942年涨了27点美国自1918年涨了24点阿根廷自1964年涨了22点类似获得上涨的国家有西欧加拿大日本中国以色列澳大利亚和新西兰。这个上升是如此的剧烈如今普通孩子和过去天才孩子一样聪明。“这个粉碎了我们对IQ稳定性的信念”康奈尔大学心理学家Ulrich Neisser说“它是你进一步改变IQ值的有力证据。” 这还只是一个小问题。暂时把IQ值是否真实代表智力这个问题搁置一边不考虑科学家们不能解释什么导致了IQ值的剧增。因为不同的原因自然因素、教育因素-基因和环境都无法解释这个问题自然因素基因教育因素环境都无法解释这个问题。出于不同的原因既非自然也非后天培养也不是基因或环境因素能够回答这个问题。从双胞胎研究到收养研究的很多数据来看青春期末期的个体IQ值差异原因的75%是基因遗传。这种解释说明环境对IQ的作用很小。但是因为遗传因子变得更聪明来解释IQ值的上升是讲不通的(但是用“更聪明”的基因来解释IQ值的上升是没道理的)因为人的遗传因子不会如此迅速变化此变化并不能够解释在了不起的一代和Y一代之间IQ值的不同。这样环境似乎成为主要因素接着你又返回到了无法回避的原点研究智力的心理学家大多数同意遗传因素是IQ值的的主要影响因素。 “它是一个似是而非的荒谬说法”Brookings研究所的William Dickens说“IQ值高的遗传性表明环境因素是薄弱的但是IQ值随着时间的增加表明环境因素又具有压倒性力量。”为了揭开问题所在Dickens跟1987年发现了IQ值上升现在称为Flynn效应的James Flynn合作。在这周的Psychological Review所发表的一篇研究中两人提出了一个解释不仅能够解决自相矛盾的观点而且对形成智力的影响因素阐述的更明白“人们的IQ值是受环境因素和遗传因子的双重影响但是他们的环境和IQ值是匹配的”研究学家推断。换句话说遗传因子确实有重要的影响它们让人们寻找特定的环境特定的生活经验。如果你在智力方面有生物优势例如你倾向于喜欢学校书籍谜题问问题和抽象思维所有这些将倾向于增强你天生的脑力。“高IQ值引导人们进入更好的环境并进而引起更高的智力”Dickens和Flynn说。感谢这种多重影响你将学到更多常到图书馆纠缠大人问问题和选择聪明的同龄人交朋友也进一步提高你的智力。 遗传因子和环境因素之间的互动始于年幼。例如一个呀呀学语刚学会走路的孩子让父母一个小时又一个小时的给他读书。那将扩大他的认知天赋尽管他的“语言IQ遗传因子”仅仅比其他孩子稍微敏锐点。“微小的遗传学优势转换成极大的成就优势,”Dickens说。 但是如果你的IQ值从小就带着轻微的缺陷你可能在阅读和思考时受挫在学校遇到困难并且逐渐讨厌学习加强你天生的缺陷。最初微小的不足不同进一步扩大。 就如科学家所说的经验能提高某些出生具有IQ优势人的智力也能给普通人的智力起积极作用。换句话说无论是你找到可以促进IQ的环境还是环境找到你都没有区别。在任意一种情况下周围的经验、社会、技术环境都能施展他们的魔力。这个影响有可能解释几十年来IQ值的上升的原因。丰富的电脑屏幕视屏游戏甚至快餐店的垫子和谷物盒(充满藏字游戏和迷宫游戏)都会对年轻的大脑进行类似IQ模拟测试的训练(都会对IQ测试中图样分析部分得到训练。)。小家庭中将会提供给孩子更多的注意力并且满足他们的为什么问题这有可能促进这代人的IQ。需要更多的脑力更多的自由时间至少当中的一部分是花费在阅读做丰富的文字难题去刺激的地方旅行和一些科技小器械的工作来挑战我们的脑灰质并使得它水涨船高。“如今休闲甚至日常谈话都更加有认知性的要求。”现执教于新西兰的奥塔戈大学的美国移民Flynn说他是。少年同时做很多事情网络即时电话下载网上冲浪有可能锻炼他们的记忆力智力的一种成分和和训练他们的注意力在眨眼间转移。 所有这些社会和科技变化的表现都有一个关键特征他们是持续的。相反临时的IQ提高变化像早教项目或者父母仅在孩子上幼儿园前提供智力激发能够拥有蜉蝣的耐力。“对孩子们进行大量的这种训练然后他们又回到老环境中去”耶鲁大学的心理学家Robert Sternberg说“当然他们常常会倒退。”甚至父母对孩子长达18年的影响仍会消退。所有父母能做的就是希望于他们灌输给孩子对学习的热爱能够坚持下来让他找到能够不断激励其智力的经验和人。 这些相信遗传因子的能力和相信环境因素的能力的人Dickens说“都是对的。”遗传因子通过环境产生效果是出现个体IQ差异的主要原因。但是仅仅因为遗传因子导致你有特定的生活经验并且共同地形成你的“环境”。它就是直接导致IQ差异的环境。“人们总是有一种宿命论的感觉是IQ值是确定不变的“斯坦福大学的心理学家John Gabrieli说“Flynn效应显示IQ值是可以通过一个好的环境来提升。它并不是你与生俱来确定不变的那种能力。” 哦Silvio站在4的位置。Jack今年14岁半。UNIT 3 Globalization 全球一体化【1】Globalizationlots of people seem to think it means that the world is turning into some consumer colony of American. Coke, CNN, McDonalds, Levis, Nikeif they havent taken over the world yet, the feeling goes, they will soon. (Odd: Japan is the worlds second largest economy, and yet Ive never heard of anyone who buys Sony or eats sushi believing that its part of some plot to turn the world into Japan.) 全球化 很多人一想到这个词就觉着它代表着世界正在变成美国的消费殖民地。可口可乐、CNN广播、麦当劳、利维斯、耐克如果它们还没有掌控这个世界即使现在他们还没有掌控世界, 从感觉上来看也快了。令人奇怪的是日本是世界上第二大经济体可我从没听说有谁买了索尼产品或是吃了寿司就相信这是密谋将世界日化的一部分。 【2】But regardless of whether youre buying or selling, in the past 20 years much of the worlds economy has become increasingly integrated and foreign direct investment has grown three times as fast as total domestic investment. From 1980 to 1995 the value of trade worldwide rose dramatically, with the total value of world exports estimated at U.S $5.1 trillion in 1995, up from U.S $2 trillion in 1980. 但无论是买方还是卖方过去的二十年间世界经济的大部分已经日益融合外国直接投资的增长速度是国内总投资的三倍。从1980年到1995年全世界贸易额惊人的增涨世界出口总额估计值从1980年的2万亿美元, 增长到1995年的5.1万亿美元. 【3】Yet the globalization phenomenon is more than the mere transfer of goods. Its the advent of cheap and ubiquitous information technologies that is dissolving our sense of boundaries. More and more television channels and the Internet have contributed to what expert Daniel Yergin calls a woven world. 然而全球一体化的现象不仅仅是简单的货物运输。正是由于有了廉价并且无处不在的信息技术消融了我们对国界的意识。越来越多的电视频道和互联网已经促成了专家Daniel Yergin所说的交织的世界。 【4】When we talk about globality, were trying to define a world in which culture meet and, rather than fight, they blend. Because when cultures receive outside influences, they ignore some and adopt others, and then almost immediately start to transform them. 当谈论全球化时我们是在试图定义这样一个世界,在这样一个世界中当不同的文化相会他们是相互融合而不是互相冲突。因为当文化接受(受到了)了外部影响他们会忽略一部分而接受另外一部分然后几乎是马上开始改变他们(它们)。 【5】As things get more global, commented Norman Klein, a communications professor in Los Angeles, theyre actually becoming more localized. 当事物变得更全球化Norman Klein,洛杉矶的一位通信教授评论道他们实际上使人们全球性的活动变得更象是本土化的。(它们实际上是变得更本地化) Big Bird in China 大鸟在中国 【6】I went to China, India and Los Angeles to discover what globalization feels like in three of the most diverse places on Earth. Almost immediately I found that the ideas I started out with turned out to be too small, too old, or just plain wrong. 我到中国、印度和洛杉矶去探究在地球上这三个最不同的地方全球化将会是一个什么样子。马上我就发现出发时我所持有的观点被证明是太狭隘太陈旧或就是(换句话说是)根本错误的。 【7】For the past year and a half in Shanghai, for example, Chinese children have been turning into that American childrens classic TV show Sesame Street. But here its called Zhima Jie, and when you look closer, its not simply the American show. The shows team of actors and educators has been collaborating to produce a program that promotes Chinese, rather than American, values. The kids are loving it . 例如在上海, 过去的一年半当中中国的孩子正在收看经典的美国幼儿电视节目Sesame Street。在这它被称为芝麻街(但)当你认真仔细看会发现这不是原始的美国节目。节目组中的扮演者和教育者们都在合力将其打造成为一个弘扬中国价值观的节目而不是(多与)美国的价值观。孩子们都喜欢这个节目。 【8】The Chinese want an environment thats relaxed and fun that their children can be learning in, senior producer Cooper Wright told me on the phone from New York. They think they have enough formal settings for learning already. But they wanted it to include a lot of their ancient culture. The parents get home late, they all work, and they dont have time to teach their children this, so they fell the show will help with that. 中国人希望他们的孩子能在一个轻松而又有趣的环境中学习(中国人希望一个轻松有趣的环境, 这样他们的孩子才能置身当中进行学习), 高级制片人Cooper Wright从纽约打来电话告诉我他们认为正式的学习环境已经够多了。而他们需要蕴含着许多他们古老(传统)文化的节目。这些父母都工作回家晚他们没有时间去教孩子这些因此他们感到这个节目会有助于教育孩子。 【9】Da Niao, Big Birds Chinese cousin, is played here by a gentle young man who still works as a truckmechanic. The other characters are all Chinese: a lively three-year-old red monster called Little Plum; a furry blue pig, a kindly grandfather, a very sweet mother, and a little boy, An An, who is so funny and cute and smart. Da Niao,大鸟(大鸟, big bird)的中国表兄在这是由一位文雅的年轻男子扮演他仍然从事卡车机修工的工作。(在这是由一位同时从事卡车机修工作的文雅年轻男子扮演。)其他的角色都是中国人一个可爱的三岁红色的怪物叫做小李子一头毛茸茸的蓝色猪一位和蔼的祖父一个非常亲切的妈妈以及小男孩安安他那么有趣可爱又聪明。 【10】This group does many of the usual Sesame Street activitiesteaching numbers, for instancebut instead of the alphabet they teach the origin and meaning of Chinese characters. They explain the history and customs of certain festivals. They describe certain ancient art forms. And they also teach sharing and cooperation. 这个团队做许多美国芝麻街(Sesame Street)常做的事例如教数字但他们将其(字母教育)改为教中国汉字的起源和意义。他们讲解历史以及节日的风俗描述特定的传统艺术形式。他们也教孩子们分享和合作。 【11】we want to concentrate on reflecting Chinese families , explained Professor Li Ji Mei, who designed part of the shows curriculum, such as what children could do to show their respect for the family. Another important part of the program is to make children realize how much their parents do for their well-being. In reflecting Chinese society, she concluded, we reflect how people should help each other and how to share the joy in sharing. 我们想将重点放在反映中国家庭上设计了这个节目部份课程的李继梅教授解释道 象是孩子们要如何做来表示尊重家庭。节目另外一个重要的部分是想让孩子意识到父母为了他们的幸福生活付出了多么多(这么多)。在反映中国社会方面她总结道我们表现在人们应该怎样互相帮助以及怎样在分享中分享快乐。 【12】I asked Professor Li if she thought there was much difference between Chinese and American children. I think American children are more active, she replied immediately. Theyre freer in expressing themselves, take the initiative more and theyre more independent. When Chinese babies fall on the ground, they lie there and expect their parents to pick them up. but Ye Chao, the shows producer in Shanghai, notes, I think the difference today between children in Chinese cities and rural areas is far bigger than between American and Chinese children. 我问李教师是否考虑到了在中国和美国孩子中存在的诸多不同(我问李教师是否认为中国孩子和美国孩子之间有很多不同)我认为美国孩子更活跃她马上答道他们在表达自我方面更加自由更具有首创精神他们更独立。当中国的孩子摔倒在地上时他们会躺(赖)在那儿希望父母拉他们起来。但叶超节目在上海的制作人解释(补充)道我认为今天中国城市里的孩子和偏远山村里的孩子的差距远大于中美儿童之间的差距。(我认为今天中国城市和偏远山村孩子之间的差距, 远大于中美儿童之间的差距。) 【13】Cooper Wright, the senior producer in New York, believes American children could stand to gain from some of the material in the Chinese show. I think we could benefit a lot from the aesthetics, she said. and the respect for elders. I think some of the segments with the grand-father are wonderful, and Id hope they could influence our shows. Cooper Wright纽约的高级制片人相信美国儿童也能从中国节目素材中有所获益。我们在美学方面收益颇丰她说并且在尊重老人方面也会有收获。我认为有些关于祖父的节目是很有意思的我真希望它们能够影响我们的节目。 【14】By now, 19 counties around the world are producing their own versions of Sesame Street, using television to interpret their unique cultures. It seems to be working. Does Big Bird feel hes promoting America to his tiny viewers? I dont think so, Ye Chao said. we just borrowed an box and put Chinese content into it. 到目前为止全世界已经有19个国家正在推出他们自己版本的芝麻街利用电视来解读他们独独特的文化。这看起来是有效的 。大鸟是否感到他正给小电视观众们宣扬美国我不这么认为叶超说我们仅仅是借用了一个美国的外壳却放入了中国的内容。 Maharaja Macs 印度汉堡 (王公巨无霸) 【15】McDonalds may be the most notorious name in the whole complex business of American culture going abroad. There are approximately 24,500 McDonalds restaurants in over 115 countries; a new McDonalds opensmechanic. The other characters are all Chinese: a lively three-year-old red monster called Little Plum; a furry blue pig, a kindly grandfather, a very sweet mother, and a little boy, An An, who is so funny and cute and smart. Da Niao,大鸟(大鸟, big bird)的中国表兄在这是由一位文雅的年轻男子扮演他仍然从事卡车机修工的工作。(在这是由一位同时从事卡车机修工作的文雅年轻男子扮演。)其他的角色都是中国人一个可爱的三岁红色的怪物叫做小李子一头毛茸茸的蓝色猪一位和蔼的祖父