谓语动词的时态和语态.doc

罗定实验中学2016届高三语法复习谓语动词的时态和语态1、动词五式（原形，三单，-ing形式，过去式，过去分词）visit_ _ _ _ open _ _ _ _ study_ _ _ _ destroy_ _ _ _stop _ _ _ _refer_ _ _ _put _ _ _ _ read_ _ _ _send _ _ _ _keep _ _ _ _catch _ _ _ _思考：动词五式分别用在什么地方？2、考纲要求掌握的十种时态： 常考时态动词形式(以break)为例常考时态动词形式(以break)为例1.一般现在时6.将来进行时2.一般过去时7.过去将来时3.一般将来时8.现在完成时4.现在进行时9.过去完成时5.过去进行时10.现在完成进行时一、一般时态1. 一般现在时(1) 一般现在时 没有时限、持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually, often, always, sometimes, regularly, near, occasionally, every year, seldom等连用。The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.(2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。The volleyball match will be put off if it _(rain). 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟 (3) 某些表示起始的动词，常用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，如go, come, be, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。The party _(star) at 7:00 tomorrow evening.2. 一般过去时(1) 一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。He got up, had breakfast and went to work.(2) 表示过去习惯性动作。(注意：often, always等并不只是用在一般现在时)He always _ (go) to work on foot last year.I used to do my homework in the library.3.一般将来时 表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 Have you heard Jim was ill? Oh, sorry to hear that. Ill see him tonight. Im going to visit her this weekend. 少数动词的现在进行时也可表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情，如 come, go, leave, start, begin, arrive, meet 等，这时句中往往有表示将来的时间状语。如：Where are you going this afternoon? The President is arriving next Saturday.4. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。如： I was sure that they wouldnt do that. 二、进行时态1. 现在进行时表示此刻正在进行或现阶段经常发生的动作。常用的时间状语有：now, right now, at the moment, for the time, for the present, always, constantly, continually等。Look! The children _ (fly) kites over there.2. 过去进行时表示在过去某时间或某一个过去动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复、习惯的行为。We _(discuss) the matter when the headmaster entered.Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.三、完成时态1. 现在完成时表示刚刚完成，但对目前状况仍有影响的动作， 侧重说明结果。常和for，just, since，already, yet, lately, recently, never，in the last / past few years，so far, by now /up to now, these days 等状语连用。Mary has been ill for three days. (表示Mary目前还病着。)I have seen the film before. (表示我知道影片的内容。)完成时态常用于下列句型：It/This/That is/was the first(second) time +从句。 It/This/That is/was the only/last +n. +从句。 It/This/That is/was + 形容词最高级 + n. + 从句。如果主句位于动词是is，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时；如果主句的谓语动词是was，从句谓语动词则用过去完成时。 It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. -Look, it is snowing again. -Yeah. This the fourth snow we _(have) this month.There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _(interrupt) me that evening.2. 过去完成时 (1). 表示该动作发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前。常与by，by the end of，by the time，until，before等状语连用。By the end of last term, we had learned 3,000 words.-The former president was caught at last. -Really? Where had he hidden himself?All of the guests had arrived by 9 oclock, but the host didnt turn up until 15 minutes later. (2) 放在said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词后面从句中，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。My friend told me that he _( pass) the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。3.现在完成进行时 表示某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，而且还有可能持续下去。He has been learning English for ten years. (从十年前开始学英语，强调动作的延续性或动作还在进行中)。试比较：He has learned English for ten years. 他学英语10年了。（强调结果或影响）动词的语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态。We use electricity to run machines. / Electricity is used to run machines.一、被动语态的时态形式。(以do 为例)1一般现在时2一般过去时3现在进行时4过去进行时5现在完成时6过去完成时7一般将来时8含情态动词 二、主动形式表示被动含义1、一些及物动词，如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lock, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, iron, dry, eat heat, clean常接副词作状语，用于描述事物的性能特征，常常不用被动语态。Books of this kind sell well. （这类书很畅销。） The pen writes smoothly. (这支钢笔写起来很流畅。)2、系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等。此类动词常接形容词作表语。 The dish tastes good. 过关测试一1. Tom was sorry to learn that his grandfather _ (die) for half an hour when he got to the hospital.2. It is reported that China_ (complete) its first orbiting space station by around 2022.3. In the last few years, China _( make) great achievements in environmental protection.4. - Did you have difficulty finding Anns house? - Not really. She _ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.5. -Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. - All right. I _ (call) him later.6. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _ (leave) my book in the caf.7. Planning so far ahead _ (make) no senseso many things will have changed by next year.8. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _( abandon) that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.9. Hurry up, kids! The school bus s_ (wait) for us!10. I feel so excided! At this time tomorrow morning I _(fly) to Shanghai.11. Unless some extra money _( find), the theatre will close.12. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ (reach) so far by the two sides.13. To my delight, I _ ( choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.14. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it _ (decorate).15. We are confident that the environment _ (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 过关测试二My best friend Kaiya is like me. She _1_ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I _2_ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always _3_(laugh) at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who _4_ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldnt help crying. The tears rolled down my face like