小学英语知识汇总文档.doc

小学英语汇总1.食品类：bread, chicken, cake, candy, butter, chocolate, cheese, egg, ham, soup, ice-cream, fries, pie, pizza, salad, sausage, sandwich, hamburger, noodles2.饮料类：coffee, milk, beer, water, Coke, juice, tea3.水果类：apple, banana, peach, pear, orange, lemon, mango, pineapple, watermelon4.交通工具：bus, bike, car, plane, subway, taxi, train, ship, jeep, boat5.球类：basketball, baseball, football, volleyball, badminton, tennis, bowling6.天气：cloudy, cold, warm, hot, cool, sunny, overcast, clear, foggy, (rain, snow, cloud, wind, fog)7.服装类；coat, gloves, cap, hat, shirt, skirt, jacket, shoes, sock, sweater, vest, T-shirt, dress, jeans8.人体部位: ear, eye, face, head, mouth, nose, tooth, hand, arm, leg9职业类：driver, doctor, lawyer, nurse, postman, teacher, singer, vet, cook, pilot, dancer, astronaut, farmer, policeman, policewoman, salesman, saleswoman, worker, waiter, manager10.基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.序数词：first第一second第二third第三fourth第四 fifth第五 sixth 第六seventh第七 eighth 第八 ninth第九ten第十11. 月份: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December12. 颜色: black, blue, brown, green, pink, purple, red, yellow, white, orange13.学习科目：art, Chinese, English, math, P.E., music, science14.场所：bookshop, bank, school, cinema, hospital, theatre, shop, supermarket, store , farm , park, zoo, office, club, park, restaurant, museum, post office15. 学习用品: book, bag, eraser, pen, pencil, knife, ruler, pencil sharpener16.动物：bird, cat, fish, panda, fox, duck, rabbit, pig, dog, monkey, tiger, lion.17. 国家: America( the USA), Britain, China, Canada, Australia, France, Japan, Russia18. 称呼: aunt, brother, sister, mother, dad, father, grandma, grandpa, grandfather, grandmother, granny, uncle, cousin 19. 星期: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday20.季节类：spring, summer, autumn, winter21.名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs22.乐器类：piano, violin, guitar, drum, flute23.不规则动词的过去式：eatate吃 forgetforgot忘记 drinkdrank喝dodid做 comecame来cancould能getgot得到 givegave给 gowent去givegave给have/hashad有knowknew知道 makemade制作runran跑 saysaid说 seesaw看见 swimswam游泳taketook拿，带 winwon获胜 bewas/were是 is/amwas是arewere是24.规则动词的过去式（直接+ed）:cleancleaned打扫，清理climbclimbed爬coughcoughed咳嗽decidedecided(直接+d决定) happenhappened发生 jumpjumped跳knockknocked敲门measuremeasured测量 playplayed玩patpatted拍visitvisited拜访，参观 walkwalked行走wantwanted想要watchwatched观看weighweighed称体重 25.英语词组：Last night昨天夜间 high jump跳高 sports day运动会 do homework做作业 read a book看书watch TV看电视playfootball踢足球play basketball打篮球 Play volle打排球play badminton打羽毛球 play tennis打网球 play table tennis打乒乓球next Sunday下周日clean the house打扫房间space suit太空服one by one一个个 visit a friend拜访朋友last weekend上周末in summer在夏天in spring在春天in autumn在秋天in winter在冬天in July在七月in May在五月on Monday在周一 in space在太空a lot of许多eat/have breakfast吃早饭 eat/have lunch吃午饭eat/have dinner吃晚饭go on vacation去度假go to school去上学go home回家 get home到家have fun玩得开心play the guitar弹吉它Play the drums敲鼓play the violin拉小提琴play the flute吹笛子play the piano弹钢琴 26.形容词原形、比较级、最高级（1）末尾直接加er, estshortshorterthe shortest longlongerthe longest talltallerthe tallest youngyoungerthe youngest oldolderthe oldest smallsmallerthe smallest(2)双写末尾辅音字母加er,estbigbiggerthe biggest fatfatterthe fattest thinthinnerthe thinnest hothotterthe hottest(3)变y为i加er, estheavyheavierthe heaviest happyhappierthe happiest earlyearlierthe earliest(4)多音节词加more,mostBoringmore boringthe most boring difficultmore difficultthe most difficult excitingmore excitingthe most exciting expensivemore expensivethe most expensiveinterestingmore interestingthe most interesting疑问词（what，what time, what colour, where， when, who， whose， which， how， how old ，how tall, how long, how big, how heavy , how much， how many等等）具体用法:疑问词意义 用法例句What什么用来问是什么，叫什么，做什么等1. What s your name? 你叫什么名字？2. Whats your father?你爸爸是干什么的？3. what is in your box? 你的盒子里是什么What time什么时间用来问时间What time is it? 几点了？What time is it now? 现在几点了？What colour什么颜色用来问颜色1.waht colour is your bag? 你的书包是什么颜色？2.what colour is your book?你的书本是什么颜色？What about怎么样用来征求意见或询问感受等，大多用于承接上面的同样问题1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样？2.what about you? 你呢？3.what about your dad?你爸爸呢？What day星期几用来问星期几1.what day is it today? 今天星期几？2. what day was yesterday? 昨天星期几？What date什么日期问具体的日期1Whats the date today? 今天是几号？2. what date is tomorrow? 明天是几号？What.for为何目的用来问目的，在一定情况下只可以与why互换What did you buy that for? 你为什么要买那个？when什么时候用来问时间1.when do you get up?你什么时候起床？2. when did you go there? 你什么时候去的那里？where哪里用来问地点1. where is my ruler? 我的尺子在哪里？2.where are you from? 你是哪里人？3. where are you going to ? 你打算去哪里？which哪一个用来问具体的哪一个1. which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节？2.which class are you in?你在哪一个班？3.which one is my pen？哪一个是我的钢笔？who谁用来问人物是谁1.who is that boy?那个男孩是谁？2. who are you going to with? 你打算和谁一起去？3. Who is that pretty lady?那个漂亮的女士是谁?whose谁的用来问东西是谁的1. whose bag is this? 这是谁的包？2.whose bike is yellow? 谁的自行车是黄色的？why为什么用来问原因1.why do you like spring? 你为什么喜欢春天？2. why did you go there? 你为什么去那里？how怎么样用来询问身体等状况1. how are you? 你好吗？2. how is your mother? 你妈妈好吗？How old几岁用来问年龄1.how old are you? 你几岁了？2. how old is your father? 你爸爸多大了？How long多长用来问长度1.how long are your legs? 你的腿多长？2. how long is your pencil? 你的铅笔多长？How big多大用来问物体的大小How big is your bedroom? 你的卧室多大？How tall多高用来问高度How tall is your brother? 你弟弟有多高?How heavy多重用来问重量1.How heavy are you? 你有多重？2.How heavy is this box? 这个箱子有多重？How far多远用来问路程1.How far can you dive under the water? 在水下你能游多远？2. How far is it from here? 从这儿去有多远？How many多少用来问数量1.How many apples do you have? 你有多少苹果？2.How many days are there in a year?一年有多少天？How much多少钱用来问价格1.how much is this dress? 这个连衣裙多少钱？2.how much are these desks? 这些桌子多少钱？How about怎么样用来征求意见或询问感受等，大多用于承接上面的同样问题，用法同what about1. how about you? 你呢？2. how about that shirt? 那件衬衣怎么样？一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women，policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。2.一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。3.在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesnt)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (dont)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping四、将来时1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。2.肯定句：be going to +动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +动词原形，如：Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句：把be动词调到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如：What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如：Who is going to play football?五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be动词在一