任务阅读汇编34-44.doc

34请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。Dont complain in the NBAThe NBA has a new rule this season. Its called “zero tolerance”. NBA referees are not letting players complain too long or too loudly about a referees call. A player who does can be given a technical foul (犯规). Two technical fouls, and the player is out of the game.The players dont like the new rule and want the NBA to change it. They think its only natural to get angry during a close, hard-fought game if a call goes against you.But I like the “zero tolerance” rule and wish other sports would follow the NBAs example. Wouldnt it be more enjoyable if football, soccer and tennis players stopped arguing the calls and just played the game?The biggest reason I like the new rule is that it sets a good example to younger players. When kids see stars such as Rasheed Wallace of the Detroit Pistons shouting at the referees and arguing every call, they think its part of the game. But shouting at referees and arguing calls should never be part of any kids games. Kids should be taught to forget about the referees calls and pay attention to improving their skills and play their best.All players need to learn that you control only one thing in a game, and thats your own performance. You cant control what the other players or trainers do. And you certainly cant control the calls the referees make.Finally, everyone from NBA all-stars to 8-year-olds should remember that being a basketball referee is a hard job. The referee has to make dozens of sudden calls. No hesitation. No second chances. Not even the best referee gets every call right.Maybe if the players, trainers and fans who shout at the referees had to wear a whistle and call a few games, there wouldnt be as many complaints about the “zero tolerance” rule.The new ruleThe players are not (1) _ to complain too much about a referees call, (2) _ he might be (3) _ out of the court.The players opinionThey (4) _ the new rule and wish it to be changed.They think its natural for them to get angry during a close game if there is a call (5) _ against them.The writers opinionHe likes the “zero-tolerance” rule and wishes it to be followed by other sports and it will be more enjoyable if players (6) _ arguing the calls.The new rule does (7) _ a good example to younger players.Shouting at referees and arguing calls shouldnt be part of any kids games and kids should pay attention to (8) _ up their skills and play their best.All players can control nothing (9) _ except their performance.Everyone should (10) _ in mind that its difficult to be a basketball judge.35请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。We are going to describe one way to build a rooftop garden that does not even require soil. Four things are needed for a small rooftop garden. One thing is a roof that can support the weight ,Another is grass cutting .The third thing is a sheet of plastic in which to spread the cut grass. And the last thing is a box about eight centimeters deep and made out of four pieces of wood. Once you are sure the roof is good ,cut and collect some grass .Then lay down the plastic where the garden box will go .The four-sided box can be as long and as wide as needed. Place the box on top of the sheet of plastic .Then fill it with the cut grass .Next ,add water and walk on the cuttings to press them down. After about three weeks ,the rooftop garden is ready for planting. Put the seeds directly into the wet grass cuttings .This garden is a good place to grow peas ,tomatoes, beans, onions and lettuce. If the box is deep enough, potatoes and carrots will also grow. It is important to keep the grass wet until the plants begin to grow. When the plants are growing, they will need watering every day, unless there is rain. And they will need some liquid fertilizer. Also, seeds and new plants must be protected from insects and birds. Rooftop gardens are increasingly popular, and not just to grow vegetables. They keep buildings cooler in the sun, so they save energy. They can also extend the useful life of a roof. Rooftop gardens also reduce the runoff of storm water and help clean the air. Plus they add beauty, and give birds and insects in the city a nice place to live.The building of a rooftop vegetable gardenthings needed1_.requirementsa roofto 2_ the weight3 _and strong enoughgrass cuttingsto be used a4_.to be pressed downa sheet of plasticto 5_ possible leaks(渗漏)on which to 6_ the cut grassa 7_boxto hold the cut grassmade of 4 pieces of woodseedsfor vegetablesto be protected from 8_ and birds9_and fertilizerto make vegetables grow bettersupplied frequently and 10_36The rise of multinational corporations(跨国公司), global marketing, new communication technologies, and reducing cultural differences have led to a great increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the worlds top five public relations companies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British are especially becoming more knowledgeable and creative. A recent study found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is American losing the global PR race gradually? Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial(守旧) and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans fall behind their European and Asian counterparts(相对应的人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshalls U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather have about the same percentage. On the contrary, some European firms have half or more of their employees good at a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN(Cable News Network), turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so inter-dependant that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.Title: Public RelationsReasons for a great (1)_ in PRIt (2)_ from the rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communication technologies, and reducing cultural differences.The present (3)_ of PRThe U.S. leadership in PR is being threatened by efforts in Britain, because British companies place more (4)_ on PR than U.S. companies.The (5)_ of British companies which include PR as a part of planning activities is higher than U.S. companies.Reasons for American (6)_ behind in PR raceEuropean and Asian counterparts are more (7)_than American in geography and (8)_languages.People abroad pay more (9)_ to international affairs than Americans.A lessonAmerican PR companies should have a sense of (10)_ communications.37Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new cultureThis process，which helps us to deal with culture shock，is the way our brain and our personality reacts to the strange new things we meet with when we move from one culture to anotherCulture shock begins with the “honeymoon stage”This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and excitingWe may be suffering from “jet lag” but we are thrilled to be in the new environmentYou see new sights，hear new sounds and language and eat new kinds of foodThis honeymoon stage can last for quite a long time because we feel we are involved in some kind of great adventureUnfortunately，the second stage of culture shock can be more difficultAfter we have settled down into our new 1ife，we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland and our familyThis period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to the new arrival rejecting or pulling away from the new cultureThis “rejection stage can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habitsThis stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native languageAlmost all the little problems that everybody has in daily life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when faced within a foreign cultureThe third stage of culture shock is called the “adjustment stage”This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host cultureYour sense of humour usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new placeThings are sti11 difficult，but you are now a survivor!The fourth stage can be called “adaptation”Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundingsYou can cope with most problems that occurYou may still have problems with the language，but you know you at e strong enough to deal with themIf you meet someone from your country who has just arrived，you can be the expert on life in the new culture and help them to deal with their culture shockThere is a fifth stage of culture shock which many people dont know aboutThis is called “reverse culture shock”Surprisingly，this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been awayNow you feel a little uncomfortable back homeLife is a struggle!Title：Culture ShockTopicCulture shock happens when you go to live in （1） cultureBasic stagesto pass through（2） People may feel excited and thrilled at （3） they see and hearRejection People become tired and （4） People can be put in（5） of developing bad habit People choose to go back to their（6） culturesAdjustmentPeople are becoming stronger and they now have （7） the culture shockAdaptation People feel relaxed and their uncomfortable feelings no longer exist People are familiar with the new culture and （8）_ to new comersA stage（9）_to many peopleReverse culture shockPeople are not accustomed to their native cultures because of the（10） both in themselves and their countries38 (308个词)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。Literature is a term used to describe written as well as spoken material. Generally speaking, it is often used to describe anything from creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama and fiction.Then why read literature, since it is often imaginary and seems unconnected with real life?A lot of us read literature for pleasure and relaxation. Its always pleasant to read some interesting books, such as comedies and novels, in our spare time. In a modern life full of pressure, it is our common desire to read some imaginary works and seek relaxation from the stress in life.Reading literature is more than fun; it also enables us to acquire knowledge. As a general rule, literature represents a language or a people, and it often gives us an insight(洞察力)into the traditions, customs, beliefs, attitudes and values of the age in which it was written.Sometimes literature can even offer us new, creative ways to have a better understanding of the world. It helps us make sense of the world around us. It introduces us to new worlds of experiences. We enjoy the comedy and the tragedy of poems, stories and plays; and we may even grow through our literary journey with books. Eventually, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it. In a sense, we explore the human condition and analyze how and why people think the way they think and feel the way they feel. Literature enables us to think analytically and promotes open minds. We see the world through the eyes of different cultures and in turn learn the ways to deal with things that happen around.So we can definitely say literature is of great importance to us. Why not get going with one poem, drama or fiction at once?Topic(1) should we read literature?Definition It describes anything, whether written or spoken, by using (2) .Types(3) , drama and fiction(4) to read literatureTo get pleasure and relaxation to get rid of pressure in (5) .To acquire (6) to make us learn about traditions, customs, beliefs, attitudes and values of the age in which it was written.To offer people ways to understand (7) of the world, to (8) literary works, to grow through the literary journey, to discover meaning in literature, and even explore(9) humans think and feel.To help us think analytically and make us (10) our minds.SuggestionReading literature. 39There are good reasons to cherish our friendships. Some years ago a public-opinion research firm, Roper Starch Worldwide, asked 2007 people to identify one or two things that said the most about themselves. Friends far outranked homes, jobs, clothes and cars. “Ironically,” says Brant R. Burleson, professor of communication at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., “the better friends you are, the more likely youll face conflicts.” And the outcome can be what you dont want -an end to the relationship.The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. Swallow your pride. It wasnt easy, but thats what Denise Moreland of Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii did when a friendship turned sour. For nearly four months, Moreland, 45, had watched over Nora Huizengas two young daughters, who were living with their father on the base, while Huizenga, 40, completed training as a dental hygienist in Nevada. “I felt honored to be asked to step in,” Moreland says.When Huizenga returned at Christmas, Moreland recalls, “I had so much to tell her, but she never called.”One daughter had a birthday party, but Moreland wasnt invited. “I felt like Id been used,” she says.At first, Moreland swore to avoid Huizenga. Then she decided to swallow her pride and let her friend know how she felt. Huizenga admitted that shed been so worried about being separated from her family that shed been blind to what her friend had done to help her. Today she says, “I would never have figured out what happened if Denise hadnt called me on it.” When a friend hurts you, your instinct is to protect yourself. But that makes it harder to solve problems, explains William Wilmot, author of Relational Communication. “Most of us are relieved when differences are brought out in the open.” Apologize when youre wrong -even if youve also been wronged. But over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes. “We dont think clearly when were arguing,” says Michael Lang, a professional mediator in Pittsburgh. Instead, says Lang, ask: “Whats going on? This doesnt make sense.”See things from your friends point of view. Sociologists Rebecca Adams Rosemary and Blieszner interviewed 53 adults who each had many friendships lasting decades. “We were curious how these people managed to sustain strong friendships for so long,” says Blieszner. Tolerance is key, the researchers learned.” Its surprising how often a dispute results from a simple misunderstanding,” adds psychotherapist Anne Frenkel.Accept that friendships change. “Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change,” Wilmot observes. Making friends can sometimes seem easy, says Yager. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that affect all relationships. Her suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture. Title: Keep on your friendshipsOur friendships should be（1）_.According to a research, friends are more（2）_ than other things like homes, jobs and cars. （3）_, the better friends you are, the more conflicts you may face.Tips on how to（4） _ a broken friendshipSwallow your（5） _Moreland made the decision to let her friend know how she felt and things changed. Wed better bring out our feeling in the open.Make an（6）_ when you are wrongWe should（7）_ arguing since argue may make no sense at all.Tolerate differencesWed better learn to see things from our friends point of view. Many disputes（8）_ from simple misunderstandings.Accept the change of the friendshipWe should be（9）_ of the fact that friendship changes as our needs and lifestyles change.ConclusionFriendship is an honor and a gift, and it is worthwhile（10）_ efforts to cherish and nurture it.40请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读的内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格填写一个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应的题号的横线上。When Joe Bates was twelve years old, he lost interest in school He stopped listening in his classes. Some of his teachers began to consider him a problem.But a few of Joes teachers thought that Joe might have lost interest in schoolwork bec