高考英语一轮复习学案必修1 Unit1-5.doc

英语高考一轮精品复习学案：必修1 Unit1-5（新人教版）必修1 Unit1 Friendship复习目标闯关要点名师讲解【重点单词】2. calmcalm vt.& vi.（使）平静，（使）镇定；adj.平静的，镇静的。calm down vi.平静下来 calm sb down 使某人平静下来He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。The crying child soon calmed down哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来【拓展延伸】【点拨】：calm, quiet, silent, stillcalm 指气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，指人“从容镇静的”。例如：The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答quiet 侧重于因无骚扰产生的“安静、无动静、无声响”。例如：Be quiet, please. 别吵闹，请安静下来He had a quiet life in the countryside. 他在乡间过着安静的生活。silent 意为“寂静无音的”、“沉默无言的”，指人沉默不语或地方一片静寂。例如：The house is empty and silent.房子里空无一人，寂静无声。A silent man likes to stay in a silent place.沉默寡言的人喜欢呆在安静的地方。still 指“静止的、一动不动的、寂静的”，侧重于静止不动和完全无声，带有感情色彩。例如：All sounds are still.万籁俱寂。The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moves slightly.那个瑞典人纹丝不动地站着，只有嘴唇在轻轻蠕动。【即境活用】Keep calm/quiet/silent/still.填空对比：Keep_ 保持镇静（别慌）。Keep _ 保持安静（别吵）。Keep_. 保持沉默（别说话）。Keep_ 保持静止（别动）。【答案】calm quiet. silent still.3. ignoreignore vt. 不理睬；忽视。例如：I made a suggestion, but she .ignored it. 我提了个建议，可是她不理睬【拓展延伸】ignorant adj.无知的；无学识的；愚昧的ignorance n. 无知, 愚昧ignorance of 对-无知Children often behave badly out of ignorance.孩子们往往出于无知而不守规矩【即境活用】- So you didnt say“hello” to him last night?-Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he _me and walked on.A. ignored B. refused C. denied D. missed【解析】A 考查动词辨析。Ignore不理会；refuse拒绝；deny否定；miss错过，想念。4. concern n.u 关心，担忧；C关心的人（或）事5. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安排；解决典例 1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。重点用法settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在定居，settle on 选定，决定；settled adj.稳定的，舒适自在的【即境活用】中译英1). 都十一点了，她安不下心来工作。_2). 题目这么难，谁能解决？_答案: 1). Its eleven oclock now, but she cannot settle to work. 2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?6.suffer v.遭受；忍受；经历【重点短语】1. add up 加起来，合计典例 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？短语归纳add to . 把什么加入中add to 增加，加强（多用于抽象意义）add up to 加起来是【即境活用】用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空1). Will you _ some more students to this project? 2). Small numbers _ a large one. 3). 50 _ 50 equals 100. 答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added2. go through 经历；经受 3. set down 放下，记下；登记4. in order to【基础过关】 in order to目的是，为了（引导目的状语）。so as to也是引导目的状语，in order to可位于句首或句中，so as to只位于句中，也可以分开，so-as to。它们的否定式均为在to前加not例如：She arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat.她早早到场，好找个好位置。In order to get a complete picture further information is needed.为掌握全面情况，还需要详细资料Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.悄悄进去，别把宝宝吵醒He was so careless as to leave his car unlocked.提示：他如此粗心大意，竟然没有把车锁上。soas to意为“如此以至于”，引导的是结果状语。【拓展延伸】so that, in order that 引导的目的状语从句,此时从句中需加情态动词may,might,could,can等，可以和in order to, so as to 转化；He works hard so that/in order that he could keep up with his classmates.= He works hard in order to/so as to keep up with his classmates=In order to keep up with his classmates, he works hard【即境活用】He kept quiet about punishment _be laughed at by his colleagues.A. so not as to B. so as not to B. so as to not D. not so as to【答案】B 考查not在so as to中的位置。5. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展典例1). He is not easy-going. Its very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？短语归纳get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与相处得好/不好，进展顺利/不顺利get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下get down to (doing)开始认真干get over克服，摆脱get through通过，做完 get together聚集【即境活用】中译英1). 你现在和同事相处得好不好? _2). 她已重新获得从前那份工作。_答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues?2). Shes got her old job back.6. join in 参加；加入【重点句型】1. It/This/That is the + 序数词 + time that (1) It/This/That is the + 序数词 + time thatThis/That/It is the first/second/third time .这是某人第一次/第二次/第三次做某事。该结构中，that引导的从句为定语从句，通常用完成时态。time亦可为其它名词所替代例如：This is the first time (that) Ive felt really relaxed for months. 几个月来这是头一次我真的感到轻松了It was the third time that he has fallen in love that year. 这是他那一年第三次谈恋爱了Thats the 17th beer (that) youve drunk this evening. 那可是你今天晚上喝的第十七杯啤酒了【拓展延伸】 It/This/That is the best/worst/most interesting +名词 + that 这是某人最。此句型中，先行词被最高级词修饰，定语从句要用相应的完成时态。例如：Its one of the most instructive books that I have seen. 它是我看过的其中一本最有教育意义的书That was the best film that I have seen. 那是我看过的最好的一部电影。【点拨】上面两个句型中的定语从句，可用现在完成时态，也可用过去完成时态，请问如何确定？ 举例说明提示：当主句的谓语为is或will be时，that从句常用现在完成时态；当主句谓语用was时，则that从句用过去完成时态例如：This will be the third time I have been to the Great Wall.这将会是我第三次去长城That was the worst weather we had ever had in the past ten years.那是十年来我们遇到的最恶劣的天气【即境活用】It will be the first time that I _ to America.A. have gone B. have been C. go D. will go【答案】A 考查此句型的时态。当主句的谓语为is或will be时，that从句常用现在完成时态；当主句谓语用was时，则that从句用过去完成时态2. 强调句型基本结构 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分【基础过关】It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分如：原句： I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.昨天我在车站碰见了李明。强调主语：It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that/whom I met at the railway station yesterday强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.【拓展延伸】注意：(1)在这种强调句式中，一般用that引出句子的其他成分。如果被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时，可以用who代替that引出句子的其他成分；如果被强调的部分是表示事物意义的名词时，用that引出句子的其他部分。但是，无论被强调的部分是地点状语还是时间状语，都不可以用where或者when.如：It is that man who/that teaches our English.(2)原句的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去进行时、和过去完成时，用It was-,其他时态用It is-.如：It was my telephone number that Miss White happened to know.怀特小姐碰巧知道到的就是我的电话号码（3）对“not-until-“这一结构进行强调时，一般使用”It is/was not until-that-“这一句型进行强调。如：I didnt go home until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才回家强调句为：It was not until the rain stopped that I went home.(4)被强调的部分是人称代词，如其在原句中作主语，则应该用该人称代词的主格形式；如果作宾语，则用其宾格形式It was she(her) who told the police.就是她报告警察的It was you who we were talking about.(5)强调句的一般疑问句句型： Is/Was+it+that/who/whom-?Was it ten years ago that his father died?(6)强调句的特殊疑问句型：疑问句+is/was+it+that/who/whom-?When is it that you will setoff?你到底什么时候出发？【点拨】a.强调句型的结构不难掌握，要想准确使用它，须明确一点：去掉It is/was-that-结构不会对句子的完整性造成影响，这是区分它与其他句子的一个重要标志It was I who advised him not to do it.去掉后：I advised him not to do it.(完整句)b. 强调句型容易与主语从句、状语从句、同位语从句和定语从句混淆It is quite clear that we need more practice.很显然，我们需要多实践此句看上去像是强调句型的句子，而实际上，它是主语从句。It在句中充当形式主语，真正的主语为that所引导的从句。判断的理由为去掉It be-that结构后，原句不完整。再如：It was at about 12 oclock that the fire was put out.大火在大约12点扑灭了大火。（强调句型）It ws about 12 oclock when the fire was put out. 扑灭大火的时候大约在12点（定语从句）3. with so many clothes on 【基础过关】with引导的独立主格结构也称为with的复合结构，基本构成为：with+宾语+宾语补足语。宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。With复合结构在句中常作状语表示原因，方式、伴随、条件等，也可以再句中作定语。（1） He is used to sleeping with the window open.（with+n.+adj）（2） The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.(with+n.+介词)（3） The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her.（with+n.+现在分词）-名词可以发出该动作。（4） With all the things finished, she went out to play.（with+n.+过去分词）-名词为动作的承受者。（5） With so many books to read, I have no time to chat with you（with+n.+不定式）.【拓展延伸】with的复合结构中的with去掉即为独立主格结构【即境活用】With a lot of problems _,the new government is now having a hard time.A. solving B. to solve C. solve D. having solved【答案】B 考查with复合结构。Problem 和solve为动宾结构，且未发生。语法核心突破直接引语变间接引语:定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1.陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句例如： He said, “Im very glad.” He said that he was very glad.2.一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如： He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” He asked whether (if) John could come that afternoon. 3. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问词引导的宾语从句例如： He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” He asked where Mr. Wang was.二、 人称的变化【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则，例如：“I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said. Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.“Ill come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her.He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.三、.时态变化 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化例 句一般现在时一般过去时She said, “I need a calculator.” She said that she needed a calculator.现在进行时过去进行时Jim said, “Im expecting a long distance call.” Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.一般将来时过去将来时Nancy said, “Ill call again later.” Nancy said that she would call again later.一般过去时过去完成时He said, “I took it home with me.” He said that he had taken it home with him.现在完成时过去完成时Paul said, “Our team has won the match.” Paul said that their team had won the match.过去完成时过去完成时He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper. 四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句指示代词thisthatShe said, “She is coming this week.” She said that she was coming that week.thesethoseHe said, “These books are mine.” He said those books were his.时间状语nowthenHe said, “Its ten oclock now.” He said that it was ten oclock then.todaythat dayHe said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day.tonightthat nightShe said, “Ill come again tonight.” She said that she would go again that night.yesterdaythe day beforeHe said, “This happened yesterday.” He said that had happened the day before.时间状语nowthenHe said, “Its ten oclock now.” He said that it was ten oclock then.todaythat dayHe said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day.tonightthat nightShe said, “Ill come again tonight.” She said that she would go again that night.yesterdaythe day beforeHe said, “This happened yesterday.” He said that had happened the day before.three days agothree days beforeShe said, “I arrived two days ago.”She said that she had arrived two days before.tomorrowthe next daythe following dayShe said, “Hell be back tomorrow.” She said that he would be back the next day.next weekthe next weekShe said, “Ill do it next week.” She said that she would do it the next week.地点状语herethereShe said, “He came here to see Tom.” She said that he had gone there to see Tom.动词come/bringgo/takeHe said, “I brought it home with me.” He said he had taken it home with him. 【拓展延伸】 直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如： He says, “Im tired.” He says that he is tired. He will say, “The boy was lazy.” He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变She said, “I was born in 1995.”She said that she was born in 1995.【典型例题】（1）Living things are dying out quickly. Lets ask _ destroying them in the past years. A. what part people have been playing B. people have played in C. what part people have played in D. people have been playing what part 【解析】C。注意宾语从句的引导词和语序（2）Can you tell me_? A. what the matter is B. what matter it is C. whats the matter D. the matter is what 【解析】C 对主语提问，陈述句要和疑问句语序一致。（3）The physics teacher said the earth _around the sun. A. is moving B. moved C. had moved D. moves 【解析】D 地球围绕太阳转是客观事实，故用一般现在时【语法专练】1.Mother asked the youngest kid_with his car.A. what the matter B. What was the matterC. what the matter is D. what is the matter2. The tourist asked the guide what he_visit the next day.A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to3. The teacher told us that light_faster than sound.A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D.travels4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he_born in 1968.A. was B. had been C. is D. has been5. Linda asked Amy_she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. that B. whether C. what D. how6.My brother said to me, “Im going to have a holiday next week.” My brother _ _ _ _going to have a holiday the next week.7.Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?”Mother asked me_ _ _ _ in the room.8.He asked, “ Can I borrow your bike?” He asked _ _ _ borrow my bike9.Tom said to me, “ Do you like football?” Tom asked me _ _ _football10.She said to me, “ I went over my lessons last night.” She told me _ _ _over her lessons the night before.参考答案：1-5 BADAB6.told me he was7.what I was doing8.if he could9.if I liked 10.she had gone高考真题链接1.（2010浙江卷T12）After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.Aget away withBget on with Cget through Dget across【解析】选C。本题考查与get相关的短语辨析。分析四个选项的意思：get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与有好相处；get through接通，顺利通过，完成；get across被理解，越过。根据语境：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。2.（2010浙江卷T12）After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.Aget away withBget on with Cget through Dget across【解析】选C本题考查与get相关的短语辨析。分析四个选项的意思：get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与有好相处；get through接通，顺利通过，完成；get across被理解，越过。根据语境：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。3.（2009陕西卷T18. ）This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family. A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen 【解析】选D考查动词时态。the+序数词+time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时，有参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时，选D。4.（2009江西卷T6. ）It was _ he came bank from Africa that wear _ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 【解析】C 强调句型。根据It is that 结构可知。5.（2008天津卷T8. ）It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where【解析】选C。强调句的基本用法。可以把 It was-that 去掉，句子意思完整，排除B,可知为强调句型。综合效能检测一、 听力（略）二、 单项选择21.The young clerk kept silent about accident_ lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not to C so as to not D. in order to not22. Ive had a letter from the tax authorities _my tax payments.A. concerned B. concerning C. for D.to23. let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare, you must learn to _.A. support B. care C. spare D. share24. Mr. Smith almost broke down by the _of unfortunate events that happened to him.A. range B. variety C. series D. list25.-What has made Mary so_? -Losing her new bicycle.A. worrying B. troublesome C. upset D.hurried26. He came here to discuss it with you. A. on purpose B. by chance C. for purpose D. on design27. _ with the accident, he was forced to resign. A. Concerned B. Concerning C. Having concernedD. Be concerned28. My new secretary was very quick; she _ a lot of work in one morning. A. got over B. got across C. got round D. got through世纪金榜世纪金榜29Admiral （海军上将） Hu Yanlin said that security demands required China to have its own aircraft carrier, and _ any country had the right to build oneAwhich Bthat CwhatDwhether30.Friends have trouble remembering _ that Kevin Durant did for fun, other than basketballAwhere it was Bwhat it was世纪金榜Chow it was Dwhy it was31.He told me a piece of news, _ terrible. A. I think it is B. I think which isC. which I think it is D. which I think is世纪金榜32. My English teachers humor was _ make every student burst into laughter. A. so as to B. such that C. so that D. such as to33.On Christmas Eve, we put up some balloons to _ the festival atmosphere.A. make for B. add upC. add toD. join in34. Do you think our great ship will the hurricane?Alive with Bgo through Cdie from Dlive through35. Mary, dont you believe your sister?Yes. I believe _ she says.A. however B. no matter how C. whatever D. no matter what三、完形填空By my third day in the hospital, I realized Owen didnt visit. I couldnt understand 36 my best friend wouldnt come to see me. Struggling against the 37 , I called his 38 . His mom answered, and when I asked for Owen, she got 39 . “Hes not here right now,” she said. I thought it was 40 that she didnt tell me where he was or 41 to have him call me. But I was so weak, I just let it 42 . I found out later that Owens mom