一.情态动词表推测 有答案.doc

一.情态动词表推测（一）意思：表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为 must, should / ought to, may, might, could；否定推测，常用cant / couldnt，译为“不可能”,表示推测的语气非常肯定，may not, might not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。 （二）句式：顺口溜:肯不肯, 妈妈肯，妹不问。即: can不用于肯定式; must仅用于肯定句； may(might)不用于疑问式，用于否定和疑问句。1can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could 比 can 更委婉，更不确定。cant 不可能It cant couldnt be true. 那不可能是真的。What can could they do? 他们会在干什么呢?We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。 (1) Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _d_ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be（2）You _b_ be hungry already ,you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt (3)Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He _c_ have gone farhis coats still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt (4) Michael _b_ be a policeman,for hes much too short. A.needt B.cant C.should D.may注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生) Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误。 (1)Two eyes _a_see more than one. A) can B) may C) will D) might 2 must只用于肯定句。must的否定式是cant couldnt (1).Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _b_be very expensive. A.must B.can C.mustnt D.cant (2).This book_a_Lucys.Look! Her name is on the book cover. A.must be B.may be C.cant be D.mustnt be 3may, might两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，一般不用于疑问句. 即使用于疑问句时，may，might通常不用于句首，只用于特殊疑问句中。may not, might not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。两者没有时间上的差别，只是might表示的可能性更小些，语气更委婉, 。He may might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。He may might not believe you. 他可能不会相信你。And who may might she be? 那么她会是哪一位呢？ (1). Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I _d_go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D.might (2).Helen _b_ go on the trip with us but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can (3). Go and ask Mr Smith. He _b_ know her telephone number. A. can B. may C. need D. dare (4). -He_c_ be in the classroom, I think. -No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt (5). Mr.Bush is on time for everythingHow it _a_be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ Acan Bshould Cmay Dmust (6) I cant find my purse anywhere. You _a_ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would (7)You might tell the manufacturer that male customers _c_ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need 4. should/ought to（应该，很有可能）指按常理推测 This pen ought to /should be yours. 这支笔应该是你的。 (1)When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon They b be ready by 12：00 Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed (2)Its nearly seven oclockJack _c_come back. Amust Bneed C. should Dcan 5. will ,would（一定，很有可能会) I think he will be all right now.我想他现在一定好了。 He will have gone back to New Zealand .他一定是回新西兰去了。 I think that would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) (三) 情态动词表推测的三种时态 1.对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形。It cant couldnt be true. 那不可能是真的。He may might tell his wife. 他也许会告诉他妻子。I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。2对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be doing 结构；What can could they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢?He may might be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。No, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒谎。 You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV. (1) Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ? Sure. She _d_ around the campus now. A. must be walkingB. must walk C. may walkD. may be walking (2) Be quick! They _c_ for us at the church gate right now. A. must wait B. must have waited C. must be waiting D. ought to wait3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。 (一） 对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。 must+have done 只用于肯定句中，意为“一定”，其否定的意义用cant+have done表示。He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定误会了我的意思。can/could have done 也许；可能.用于疑问句或否定句中。 He could have gone home. 他可能已经回家了。may (might)+have done意为“也许；可能”。多用在陈述句，用might 比用 may 语气更加委婉。She may might have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。 (顺口溜:肯不肯, 妈妈肯，妹不问。即: can不用于肯定式; must仅用于肯定句； may(might)不用于疑问式，用于否定和疑问句。)should/ought to+have done表示预测，意为“应该会，可能”。 Its twelve oclock now. She should/ought to have already got there.(1) There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _d_a comfortable journey. A cant be Bshouldnt be C mustnt have been D. couldnt have been (2) My sister met him at Grand Theatre yesterday aftenoon，so he_a_ your lecture. Acouldnt have attended Bneednt have attended cmustnt have attended Dshouldnt have attended (3) Susan _c_ written a report like this. A. can have B. mustnt have C. cant have D. ought to not have (4).I didnt hear the phone.I _b_ asleep. A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been (5) This cake is very sweet. You _d_ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put (6)Sorry Im lateI_a_ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again Amight Bshould Ccan Dwill (7)Mr. White _a_ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving（二）could/might/should/ought/neednt/would+have done还可以表示轻微的责备、后悔之意。注意：其中could, might不可用can, may代替，这与表示推测时的用法不同。1. could + have + P. P. 本来能够做某事(而实际上没做) He could have caught the early bus, but he was delayed by helping a stranger (1）He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 2. might have +P. P. 本来可以做某事(而实际上没做) You might have learned more from him .3. ought to /should + have + P. P. 本来应该做某事(而实际上没做) ought not to /shouldnt + have + P. P. 本来不应该做某事(而实际上却做了) You should/ought to have been more careful.He shouldnt/ ought not to have broken the red light.他不该闯红灯的。 (1）Tom ought not to _a_me your secret，but he meant no harm Ahave told Btell Cbe telling Dhaving told (2）There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_d_ come，but why didnt you？ Ahave Bshould C need have Dought to have 4. neednt + have + P. P. 本来不必做某事(而实际上做了) You neednt have apologized to him yesterday . (1)There was plenty of timeShe_d_ Amustnt have hurried Bcouldnt have hurried Cmust not hurry Dneednt have hurried(2) Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _b_it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 5.would have done本来会发生某事，但却没有发生。would (not) have done本来不会发生某事，但却发生了(1)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _d_ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 二.情态动词表许可、请求1.can / could / may / might均可表示许可， could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气；在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may，不能用 could / might。May/might否定回答时用must not或cant或had better not表示“禁止；不许可；阻止”.如： Could Can, May, Might I use it? 我可以借用它吗? Yes, you can may. 可以。（不用 could / might） (1) _b_you pass me a pen?Id like to write down the telephone number. A.Need B.Could C.MustD.Should (2) Could I borrow your dictionary？ Yes，of course you _c_ Amight Bwill Ccan D. should (3) I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _b_ I have a look? Yes,certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should (4).-May I smoke here? -_c_,you_.It can be dangerous. A.Yes;can B.No;cant C.Yes;may D.No,neednt(5).-May I go to the cinema,dad? -No,you_a_.You must finish your homework first.? A.mustnt B.wont C.dont D.neednt 2. must Must的一般疑问句的回答有两种，表示肯定，用Yes, you must. 表示否定，用No, you neednt或dont have to,表“不必”,“没有必要”,不用mustnt,因为mustnt表示禁止或不许. -Must I post this letter tomorrow? 我明天必须得寄掉这封信吗？ -Yes, you must. 是的，你必须明天寄掉。 (No, you neednt. 不，你没必要明天寄掉。 (1) -Must I finish the work before five oclock? -No,you_a_. A.neednt B.mustnt C.have to D. cant mustnt表示说话人“不许”和“禁止”某人做某事，有很强的劝告语气。 You mustnt play football in the street. 不准在马路上踢球。 (1) You _a_ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to 3. shall “Shall I？也表示征求对方意见， 一般用于第一，三人称疑问句。 Shall I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗？ (1). The room is so dirty. _b_ we clean it? Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do (2). Whats the name? Tom. _a_ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D .Might (3).Professor Smith, many students want to see you. _b_they wait here or outside？ ADo BWill CShall DWould (4). Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _b_. A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we4. will/would willwould用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿，或向对方提出请求。 Will/Would you spell your name? 请你拼一下你的名字好吗？(1). Excuse me. _c_ you please pass me that cup?A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must (2). _c_ _ you like to have another try?A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do (3). -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, _c_. A. Id like B. I want C. Id like to D. I do (4). Will you stay for lunch？ Sorry,_d_ .My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt BI cant CI neednt DI wont (5)5. Let us play basketball, _a_? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you三。情态动词的其他用法：（一）、can/could can表示能力,意思是“能,会”,其否定式cant表示“不能”。在过去时中用could和couldnt. 1.The boy_answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. A.can B.may C.could 注意：can 与be able to比较：通常可以互换，但can只有一般时态，而be able to有各种时态；be able to可以与其它情态动词连用，而can不可以；be able to表示“经过一番努力才做到”，而can 只表示客观情况； The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to（二）may 表示祝愿;但语气较正式: May you succeed! May you have a good journey! (三)、must 1. must表示义务,意为“必须”,“应该”,其否定式mustnt表示禁止, -SARS is such a terrible disease. -Yes,it is.We_be more careful. A.can B.may C.must D.need 2.must用于疑问句，表责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要” John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour？ A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 注意must和have to的用法区别:must表示说话人的主观看法,而have to表示客观的需要,意思是“不得不”.have to其否定式疑问式要借助于do构成。 （注：have got to 相当于have to，其否定式、疑问式由其本身构成）； (1). What do you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant (2).-Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry,I cant.I_take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill A.can B.may C.would D.have to (3).When the teacher speaks, we have to keep quiet, _? A. havent we B. dont we C. mustnt we D. oughtnt we (4). -_ I go there at once. - No, I dont think you _. A. Must; have to B. Do; need to C. Need; must D. May; ought to 【固定短语】 If you must表示无可奈何地同意某人干某事。 May I smoke here ? If you _ , choose a seat in the smoking section. A. shouldB. couldC. may D. must (四)、need 1.作为情态动词，need一般只用于否定句和疑问句中或条件句。 neednt = dont have to 不必 。 You neednt try to explain. Need we stay here this evening? If you need go there, please let me know. (1).You_ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do Aneednt to come Bdont need come Cdont need coming D. neednt come (2).The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _ to work tomorrow. A. mustnt go B. neednt have gone C. neednt go D. mustnt have gone 在以Need开头的问句中，肯定回答用 must；否定回答用neednt； _Need we stay here this evening? _Yes, you _. 2、Need 可作为实意动词用 She needs to come tomorrow. Do they need this? 当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done . The bike needs repairing =The bike _ _ _ _. The table needs painting . =The table needs _ _ _ . The elderly man needs / wants /requires looking after every day . = The elderly man needs / wants / requires to be looked after every day The poor man needs our help, _d_ he? A. need B. neednt C. does D. doesnt (五)dare 1.dare作为情态动词,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句. How dare you say Im unfair ? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare she ? If he dare break the rule, he will be punished. (1).I wonder how he _that to the teacher Adare to say Bdare say Cnot dare say Ddared say 2dare作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，在肯定句中，dare 后面通常接带to的不定式；在否定和疑问句中， dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式。 I dare to swim across the river. He doesnt dare （to） answer. (1).Jim _his strict father，for he has failed in the examination once again Adidnt dare to see Bnot dare see Cdidnt dared to see D. dare not to see(六)shall 情态动词用法例句shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见What shall we do next?Shall I do the washing-up?When shall my brother be able to leave hospital?用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁You shall go with me. ( 命令)You shall have a new dress for your birthday.（允诺）He shall be punished.（威胁）should表示劝告或建议，作“应该”讲We should be strict with ourselves.You should keep your promise. 表示推测，作“可能”、“该”讲The roads should be less crowded today. I should have finished reading it by Friday.Why / how + should结构表示说话人对谋事不能理解、感到惊异等意思，译为“竟会”Why should you be so late today?（你今天怎么来的这么晚？）I dont know why you should think that I did it.（我真不明白你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。） 1. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 2. A：I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday. B：Will it be a big surprise to her ? A. should B. must C. would D. shall 3. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall7. 4. What does the sign over there read? “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar orpipe in this area” A. will B. mayC. shall D. must (七). should/ought to 1.表示“劝告、建议时”，可译成“应该”，表示主观情况；ought to表示“应该；应当”，后接动词原形，指客观情况。否定式为oughtnt to；疑问式为 ought主语to？。 You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says. You ought not to take risks, ought you? Ought he to leave for Beijing? (1).-Hows your tour around the North Lake ?Is it beautiful? -It _ be ,but it is now heavily polluted . A .will B.would C .should D. must (2). According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A . may B. can C. would D. should should可以用于较强语气的假设情形中，表示惊讶的感情色彩,表示“竟然；万一”之意。 (1)._ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you (2). You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _b_ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would(八)、willwould 情态动词用法例句 will与would用于表示意志或意愿。Will指现在，would指过去I will never do that again.They said that they would help us. 表示请求、建议等，用would比用 will委婉、客气些Will you please take a message for me?Would you please pass him the book?表示习惯性动作，译为“总是”“惯于”。Will指现在，would指过去Fish will die without water.Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought. 表示预料或猜想It would be about ten when he left home. I thought he would have told you about that. 用于否定句中，表示“不肯”“不乐意”No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me. (1).When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might (2).Hes strange - he _ sit for hours without saying anything. A. shall B. will C. can D. must (3). We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _? A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we(九) Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如： He told us he used to play football when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句中，可有两种形式： 疑问句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?Yes, I did. Used you to go to the same school as your brother? Yes, I used to. 否定句 I usednt to go there. I didnt use to go there. 其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式： She used to be very fat, didnt she? （正式）/ use(d)nt she? （口语） (1）Children at the beginning of this century _a lot and _themselves greatly even without television Aused to read; enjoying Bused to read; enjoyed Cwere used to reading; enjoy Dwere used to read; enjoying (2）Mother_ us stories when we were young. Awas used to tell Bis used to telling C u