初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解 练习 答案.doc

现在完成时【现在完成时】 A. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+时间名词, in the past few months/years等【构成】 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑问句：have或has放于句首 B.现在完成时的用法1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。 eg. The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）区别：have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在例如：你以前去过北京么？例如：A: Is Mr.Wang at home?B: No,he is not in,（他去香港了）2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。eg. He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 2001. Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：1arrive be here begin(start)be ondie be dead come back be backleave be awayfall ill(sick, asleep) be ill(sick, asleep)get up be upgo out be outfinish be overput on wear 或be onopen be openjoin be in或be a member ofclose be closedgo to school be a studentborrow keepbuy have catch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know knowbegin to study studycome to work work例题 （ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away（ ）2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in（ ）3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened（ ）4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become（ ）5.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left（ ）6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over（ ）7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught（ ）8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became（ ）9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned（ ）10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead（ ）11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept（ ）12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had （ ）13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been（ ）14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from（ ）15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take练习单项选择 （ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know（ ）2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. still（ ）3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago（ ）4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written（ ）5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _. A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better（ ）6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying（ ）7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see（ ）9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone （ ）10、_ you _ your homework yet? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish（ ）11、His father _ the club since 1988. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in（ ）12、Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made（ ）13、How long have you _ here? About seven years. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived（ ）14、Hurry up! The program _ for five minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began（ ）15、It _ ten years since he came Chengdu. A. is B. has C. will D. was（ ）16、Miss Green isnt in the office. She _ to the library. A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been（ ）17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been（ ）18、He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up（ ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had（ ）20、His grandparents _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university汉译英1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。Keys:1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。10、B11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to