Lesson-2--Marrakech马拉喀什.ppt

LessonTwoMarrakech byGeorgeOrwell content BackgroundInformationAbouttheauthorMarrakechDetailedLearningSummaryRhetoricalDevicesExercises omitted AbouttheAuthor GerogeOrwell GeorgeOrwell 1903 1950 thepseudonymofEricArthurBlairaBritishnovelistandessayistborninIndia father asocalledempire builder servingtheBritishgovernmentabroad AbouttheAuthor GerogeOrwell 1922 1927 servinginBurmaasaBritishcolonialpolice understandingthenatureoftheimperialismandcolonialismtraveledwidely includingMarrakech Histravelmadehimtakeahostileattitudetowardimperialism Heshoweddeepsympathyforthepoorandbecameafirmsupporterofsocialism AbouttheAuthor GerogeOrwell 1936 hejoinedSpanishwarandwasseriouslywounded TheSpanishsocialistforcesdividedintofactions Thefactionhebelongedtowaspersecuted Sohebecamesopessimisticanddepressed whichledhimtowardanti communistattitude AbouttheAuthor GerogeOrwell Orwellwasakeencriticofimperialism fascism Stalinism andcapitalism Hisworksareconcernedwiththesociopoliticalconditionsofhistime notablywiththeproblemofhumanfreedom AbouttheAuthor GerogeOrwell HisworksDownandOutinParisandLondon 1933 巴黎伦敦落魄记 BurmeseDays 1934 缅甸岁月 AClergyman sDaughter 1935 牧师的女儿 KeeptheAspidistraFlying 1936 让叶兰在风中飞舞 TheRoadtoWiganPier 1937 去维冈码头之路 HomagetoCatalonia 1938 向加泰罗尼亚致敬 ComingupforAir 1940 上来透口气 AnimalFarm 1945 动物农场 NineteenEighty Four 1949 1984 ShootinganElephant 1950 猎象 AbouttheAuthor GerogeOrwell Thefeaturesofhisworksshowsharpobservationanddeepsympathyforsufferingpeople Hisworksgiveadeepsenseofconvictionandurgency clear simpleanddirectlanguage withnodecoration Marrakech Marrakech Marrakesh 马拉喀什 Location AtthecenterofwestMorocco attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas 130milessouthofCasablanca thechiefseaport ItistheprincipalcommercialcenterofMorocco Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters Renownedforleathergoods theoldcityislikeamazefullofcrooked deadenedstreets DetailedLearning Para 1 Asthecorpsewentpasttheflieslefttherestauranttableinacloudandrushedafterit buttheycamebackafewminuteslater 1 thecorpsewentpast morevividthanitwascarriedpast2 fliesinacloud theterriblesanitorycondition unsanitory DetailedLearning Para 2 Thelittlecrowdofmourners allmenandboys nowomen threadedtheirwayacrossthemarketplacebetweenthepilesofpomegranatesandthetaxisandthecamels wailingashortchantoverandoveragain 1 mourner someoneattendingafuneral2 nowomen AccordingtoMuslismlaw womenarerespected andforthisreasonwomenandgirlsusedtobekeptinthehouse wheretheywouldbesafe Whentheywentouttheyworetheveilstocovertheirfaces Butthislawhasbecoemakindofexcusetodiscriminateagainstwomen Theyareverypassivemembersofthesocietyandhavelowsocialposition 3 wail aprolongedhigh pitchedcryofpain grief oranger lamentsb哀叹哀诉4 chant anthem psalm圣歌 赞美诗 DetailedLearning Para 2 Theburying groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth likeaderelictbuilding lot 1 hummocky round knoll mound圆形的 球形的2 derelict deserted abandonedTheburyinggroundisnothingmorethanahugeroundearthwhichislikeadesertedbuildingplace DetailedLearning Para 3 Whenyouwalkthroughatownlikethis twohundredthousandinhabitantsofwhomatleasttwentythousandownliterallynothingexcepttheragstheystandupin whenyouseehowthepeoplelive andstillmorehoweasilytheydie itisalwaysdifficulttobelievethatyouarewalkingamonghumanbeings 当你穿行也这样的城镇 其居民20万中至少有2万是除了一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有 当你看到那些人是如何生活 又如何动辄死亡时 你永远难以相信自己是行走在人类之中 DetailedLearning Para 3 Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact 1 thisfact thepeopleinthecoloniesarenottreatedashumanbeings Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals DetailedLearning Para 3 Aretheyreallythesamefleshasyourself Dotheyevenhavenames Oraretheymerelyakindofundifferentiatedbrownstuff aboutasindividualasbeesorcoralinsects 1 flesh humanbeingTheyarenottreatedashumanbeingsasyouandme Perhapstheydon thavenames Theyarelikebeesorcoralinsectswhicharesoalikethatit sdifficulttodinguishonefromtheothers 他们真的和你意义同属人类吗 难道他们也会有名有姓吗 也许他们只是像彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西 DetailedLearning Para 3 Theyriseoutoftheearth theysweatandstarveforafewyears andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyardandnobodynoticesthattheyaregone 1 riseoutof bebornin metaphor 2 sweatandstarve workhardbutmakelittlemoney alliteration 3 gone dead他们来到这个世界 受苦受累 忍饥挨饿几年 然后被埋在那一个个无名的小坟丘里 谁也不会注意到他们的离去 DetailedLearning Para 3 Sometimes outforawalkasyoubreakyourwaythroughthepricklypear younoticethatitisratherbumpyunderfoot andonlyacertainregularityinthebumpstellsyouthatyouarewalkingoverskeletons 1 breakyourway forceorpickyourway2 pricklypear akindofcactus仙人球coveredwithprickleshavingshapedfruits pricklypear DetailedLearning Para 3 Sometimes outforawalkasyoubreakyourwaythroughthepricklypear younoticethatitisratherbumpyunderfoot andonlyacertainregularityinthebumpstellsyouthatyouarewalkingoverskeletons Sometimeswhenyougooutforawalkthroughthepricklypear youmightfindthatthegroundisbumpy Yourealizethatyouarewalkingonskeletons Youknowtheyaregravesonlybecausethebumpsappearinanevenpattern DetailedLearning Para 4 Iwasfeedingoneofthegazellesinthepublicgardens DetailedLearning Para 6 AnArabnavvyworkingonthepathnearbyloweredhisheavyhoeandsidledslowlytowardsus 1 navvy anunskilledlaborer asoncanals roadsetc 2 sidle tomoveslowlysideways especiallyinashyorsecretmanner DetailedLearning Para 6 hestoweditgratefullyinsomesecretplaceunderhisrags 1 stow toput hideawayinsafeplaceTheword stow and secret showthatthenavvylooksatthepieceofbreadassomethingprecious Heisafraidofloosingit DetailedLearning Para 8 WhenyougothroughtheJewishQuartersyougathersomeideaofwhatthemedievalghettoeswereprobablylike 1 medieval of liketheMiddleAges 1100 1500 2 ghetto aslumarea occupiedbyaminoritygrouporgroups 尤指贫民集中的 少数民族聚居区 少数民族贫民区anisolatedorsegregatedgrouporarea种族隔离群体 或隔离区 WhenyougothroughtheJewishareas youwillhaveanideaoftheslumareasintheMiddleAgeswhichareveryold crowdedandunsanity DetailedLearning Para 8 WhenyougothroughtheJewishQuartersyougathersomeideaofwhatthemedievalghettoeswereprobablylike 当你走过这儿的犹太人聚居区时 你就会知道中世纪的贫民区大概是个什么样子 DetailedLearning Para 9 skull cap DetailedLearning Para 9 Acarpentersitscrossleggedataprehistoriclathe turningchairlegsatlightningspeed 1 turning togivecircularshapebyrotatingagainstatool asinalatheSittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold fashionedlathe acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair legsheismaking DetailedLearning Para 9 Heworksthelathewithabowinhisrighthandandguidesthechiselwithhisleftfoot andthankstoalifetimeofsittinginthispositionhisleftlegiswarpedoutofshape chisel1 thanksto becauseof onaccountof2 warp tocausetobend curve ortwistoutofshape DetailedLearning Para 9 Heworksthelathewithabowinhisrighthandandguidesthechiselwithhisleftfoot andthankstoalifetimeofsittinginthispositionhisleftlegiswarpedoutofshape Becauseofsittinginafixedpositionovertheyearsandusinghisleftfoottocontrolthechiselwhileturningchair legs hisleftlegbecomedeformed DetailedLearning Para 10 Instantly fromthedarkholesallround therewasafrenziedrushofJews1 frenzied crazyorexcitedtheJewswereinafrenzy notthe rush transferredepithet Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited DetailedLearning Para 10 Noneofthesepeople Isuppose workslessthantwelvehoursaday andeveryoneofthemlooksonacigaretteasamoreorlessimpossibleluxury Isupposeallofthesepeopleworkaslongas12hoursadayandyeteveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasakindofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford DetailedLearning Para 11 AgoodjobHitlerwasn there agoodjob ItwasluckyfortheJewsthatHitlerhadnotcometothisplace theJewswouldhavebeenslaughteredastheywereinPolandandotherEuropeancountries AlthoughtheFascistsonceinvadedMorroca buttheydidnotgotoMarrocech DetailedLearning Para 11 YouheartheusualdarkrumoursaboutJews notonlyfromtheArabsbutfromthepoorerEuropeans 1 dark threateningorevil邪恶的 阴险的 mysteriousTheauthorimpliesthatinthiscityonecouldsensehostile evilattitudestowardstheJewsnotonlyfromtheArabsbutalsofromthepoorerEuropeans ThefollowingconversationshowshowpeoplefeltabouttheJews DetailedLearning Para 14 Ah that sonlyforshow They reallmoneylendersreally They recunning theJews 噢 那不过是做出样子来给人看的 事实上他们都是些放债获利的富豪 这些犹太人就是鬼得很 DetailedLearning Para 15 Injustthesameway acoupleofhundredyearsago pooroldwomenusedtobeburnedforwitchcraftwhentheycouldnotevenworkenoughmagictogetthemselvesasquaremeal 1 witchcraft theuseofsorceryormagic theblackmagic2 when however3 asquaremeal adecentsubstantialmeal DetailedLearning Para 15 Injustthesameway acoupleofhundredyearsago pooroldwomenusedtobeburnedforwitchcraftwhentheycouldnotevenworkenoughmagictogetthemselvesasquaremeal Jewswerenowbeingcondemnedbyprejudiceandignoranceassomepooroldwomenwhocouldnotevengetthemselvesadecentmealwerecondemnedandburnedforwitchcraft 与此恰恰相似的是 几百年前 常常也有些苦命的老太婆被当成巫婆给活活烧死 然而事实上她们就连为自己变出一顿象样饭菜的巫术都没有 DetailedLearning Para 16 Inatropicallandscapeone seyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings Ittakesinthedried upsoil thepricklypear thepalmtreeandthedistantmountain butitalwaysmissesthepeasanthoeingathispatch Heisthesamecolourastheearth andagreatdeallessinterestingtolookat 在热带的景色总 万物皆可一目了然 惟独看不见人 那干巴巴的土壤 仙人掌 棕榈树和远方的山岭都可以尽收眼底 但那在地里耕作的农夫却往往没人看见 他们的肤色就和地里的土壤颜色一样 而且远不及土壤中看 DetailedLearning Para 17 NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas forthesetripswouldnotbeinteresting 没有谁会有兴趣到本地的贫困地区去作一次毫无价值的旅行 DetailedLearning Para 17 fornine tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendlessback breakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofansoil 1 wringsthfrom outofsb togetsthbyforceorhardworkLifeisveryhardfor90 ofthepeople Theycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoilonlywithhardbackbreakingtoil 对于当地百分之九十的居民来说 现实生活只意味着永无休止 劳累至极的斗争 其目的是从贫瘠的土壤中费力地弄出点吃的来 DetailedLearning Para 17 MostofMoroccoissodesolatethatnowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanliveonit 摩洛哥的土地大半是一片荒凉 赖以生存的走兽至大者莫如野兔 DetailedLearning Para 18 thepeasantgatheringlucerneforfodderpullsitupstalkbystalkinsteadofreapingit thussavinganinchortwooneachstalk Theycan taffordatoolsotheyhavetopullupeachstalktosaveoneinchortwooneachstalksothattheymayincreasetheirfodderharvestsomewhat 农民采集苜蓿喂牲口时 不是用刀去割而是用手将一棵棵苜蓿连根拔起 免得割剩下来的一两寸的根茬白白浪费掉 lucerne苜蓿 DetailedLearning Para 18 DetailedLearning Para 18 Theploughisawretchedwoodenthing sofrailthatonecaneasilycarryitonone sshoulder 1 wretched poorinquality veryinferiorEventheirmostimportantfarmtool theplough wasfragileandofpoorquality thedonkeyandtheplough DetailedLearning Para 18 DetailedLearning Para 18 Thisisasmuchasthestrengthoftheanimalsisequalto Theanimalsyokedtoploughhadjustenoughstrengthtoploughthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches harrow耙 DetailedLearning Para 18 DetailedLearning Para 18 furrow垄沟 oblongpatches长条形小畦 DetailedLearning Para 18 DetailedLearning Para 18 Alongtheedgesofthefieldschannelsarehackedouttoadepthofthirtyorfortyfeettogetatthetinytrickleswhichrunthroughthesubsoil 1 getat reach2 grickle asmallslowflowofliquid农民们在地边上挖出一道道深达三十至四十英尺的沟渠以便把土层深处的涓涓细流汇集起来 DetailedLearning Para 19 Allofthemaremummifiedwithageandthesun andallofthemaretiny 1 mummified thinandwithered lookinglikeamummyYearsofhardlifeandheatofthetropicalsunhavedriedupthewomenhere sothattheylooklikemummies thinandwithered DetailedLearning Para 19 Itseemstobegenerallythecaseinprimitivecommunitiesthatthewomen whentheygetbeyondacertainage shrinktothesizeofchildren 在原始社会里 妇女超过了一定的年纪便萎缩得如孩子般大小 这似乎是一种普遍的现象 DetailedLearning Para 19 Istoppedherandputafive soupiece alittlemorethanafarthingintoherhand 1 sou aformerFrenchcoinoflowvalue 苏 法国旧时的一种低面值硬币 2 piece coin3 farthing aformermonetaryunitandcoinoftheUK withdrawnin1961 equaltoaquarterofanoldpenny法新 DetailedLearning Para 19 Sheansweredwithashrillwail almostascream whichwaspartlygratitudebutmainlysurprise 1 ashrillwail ahigh pitched piercingcryHerresponsewasalmostapiercingcry Thecryexpressedabitofthanksbutmainlyshowedhersurprise DetailedLearning Para 19 Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman thatistosayasabeastofburden 1 abeastofburden anyamimalusedforcarryingthingsShetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal DetailedLearning Para 20 Forseveralweeks alwaysataboutthesametimeofday thefileofoldwomenhadhobbledpastthehousewiththeirfirewood andthoughtheyhadregisteredthemselvesonmyeyeballsIcannottrulysaythatIhadseenthem 1 hobbled go walkunstably2 register record记录Everydayafileofoldwomenwentpastmyhouseforweeks MyeyesmusthaverecordedthescenebutIdidnotconsciouslyseethem DetailedLearning Para 20 Morrocandonkey DetailedLearning Para 20 St Bernarddog bridleandhalter DetailedLearning Para 20 DetailedLearning Para 20 Afteradozenyearsofdevotedworkitsuddenlydropsdead whereuponitsmastertipsitintotheditchandthevillagedogshavetornitsgutsoutbeforeitiscold 为主人拼命干上十几年活后 它便猝然倒地死去 这时 主人就把它仍进沟里 尸体未寒 其五脏六腑便被村狗扒出来吃掉 DetailedLearning Para 21 Thiskindofthingmakesone sbloodboil whereas onthewhole theplightofthehumanbeingsdoesnot 1 makeone sbloodboil tomakeoneextremelyangry2 plight verybad seriousordifficultcondition困境Thecrueltreatmentofthedonkeymakesonefeelangrybutthesufferingandmiseryofthehumanbeingstheredonot DetailedLearning Para 21 Iamnotcommenting merelypointingtoafact understatement含蓄表达 曲折表达现在Litotes 反叙 由Understatement 低调陈述 逐渐取代 在学界已渐成为共识 1 Thefacewasn tabadone ithadwhattheycalledcharm 面孔不算难看 有一般人所称的妩媚 此句不是冲淡她的魅力 而是采用低调渲染 意即Thefacewassweet hercharmconqueredeverybody 明似贬抑 实则褒扬 2 Thecountryitselfisnotuncomely 明否暗褒 DetailedLearning Para 21 3 IfSaddamHusseingoesoutofpower notearistobeshed 如果萨达姆 侯赛因下台 我们不会为之落泪 直言是希望他下台 但用外交辞令 就得低调处理 于是说不会流泪 不会痛悼 这就是用understatement修辞方法表示否定的态度 4 Wearenoneofusgettinganyyounger 我们都不年轻啦 这个句子通过对younger的否定来表示对该词的反义词older的肯定 其本意是 Wearebothofusgettingmuchold DetailedLearning Para 21 Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible nextdoorto She sintheroomnextdoortoherparents 她住在她父母隔壁的那个房间 Heisnextdoortoanidiot 他简直是个白痴 Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible DetailedLearning Para 21 ThecomparisonoffatebetweenthedonkeyandthewomenDonkeyWomennobiggerthanaSt Bernarddogtiny mummifiedOverloaded workingforweeksvastofloadofwoodAwillingcreatureacceptedstatusasabeastofburdenWhendead tippedintoaburiedsimply dumpedintoaditch throwntodogshole noname nograveyardPeoplefeelangryatnobodyfeelssympatheticforthem unnoticed DetailedLearning Para 22 stock白鹳 DetailedLearning Para 22 AsthestorksflewnorthwardtheNegroesweremarchingsouthward along dustycolumn infantry screw gunbatteries andthenmoreinfantry fourorfivethousandmeninall windinguptheroadwithaclumpingofbootsandaclatterofironwheels 1 infantry soldiersmarchingorfightingonfoot footsoldierscollectively步兵 总称 步兵2 screw gunbatteries akindofsmallcannon3 battery anmilitarysubunitofguns men andvehicles炮兵连4 windingup movingslowlyfollowingthetwistingandturningroad5 clumping clatter wordsdescribingthesoundofbootsandironwheelsclump tomakeheavyfootstepsounds沉重的脚步声clatter strikingsoundsmadebytheironwheels铿锵声 DetailedLearning Para 22 AsthestorksflewnorthwardtheNegroesweremarchingsouthward along dustycolumn infantry screw gunbatteries andthenmoreinfantry fourorfivethousandmeninall windinguptheroadwithaclumpingofbootsandaclatterofironwheels 白鹳鼓翼北去时 黑人正行军南下 一列长长的满身征尘的队伍 步兵 炮队 接着又是更多的步兵 总共大约四五千人 正靴声橐橐 车声辚辚地蜿蜒前行 DetailedLearning Para 23 Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach me downkhakiuniforms theirfeetsquashedintobootsthatlookedlikeblocksofwood andeverytinhatseemedtobeacoupleofsizestoosmall 1 reach me down Britishcollquialism second handorready made nottailoredtofitclothing现成的 二手的2 squashed squeezedTheSegegalesewerewearingsmallsecond handorready madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautiful well builtbodies DetailedLearning Para 23 Itwasveryhotandthemenhadmarchedalongway Theyslumpedundertheweightoftheirpacksandthecuriouslysensitiveblackfaceswereglisteningwithsweat 1 slump sit fall failsuddenlybecauseoftiredness天气正热 队伍已经走了很长一段路 士兵们都被沉重的包袱压得疲惫不堪 敏感得出奇的黑脸颊上汗水闪闪发光 DetailedLearning Para 24 Nothostile notcontemptuous notsullen noteveninquisitive 1 contemptuous scornful showingnorespect 2 sullen gloomy sad depressing3 inquisitive curious既不带敌意 又不含轻蔑 也没有愠怒 甚至连好奇的成分都没有 DetailedLearning Para 25 Inthisconnectionitdoesn tmattertwopenceifhecallshimselfasocialist 1 inthisconnection whilespeakingofsuchthings2 itdoesn tmattertwopence itdoesnotmatteratall Everywhiteman eventhosewhocallthemselvessocialistscan thelpbutthinkthisthoughtwhenheseesablackarmymarchingpast DetailedLearning Para 25 Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunaroundandattackus DetailedLearning Para 26 Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind Everywhiteman theonlookers theofficersontheirhorsesandthewhiteN C Osmarchingwiththeblacksoldiers hadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismind DetailedLearning Para 26 sohadtheofficersontheirsweatingchargersandthewhiteN C Osmarchingintheranks 1 charger ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade战马2 N C Os noncommissionedofficer未正式任命的军官3 ranks thebodyofsoldiersofanarmy asdistinguishedfromtheofficers我有 其他旁观者也有 骑在汗涔涔的战马上的军官们有 走在队伍中的白人军士也有 DetailedLearning Para 26 Andreallyitwaslikewatchingaflockofcattletoseethelongcolumn amileortwomilesofarmedmen flowingpeacefullyuptheroad whilethegreatwhitebirdsdriftedoverthemintheoppositedirection glitteringlikescrapsofpaper Watchingtheone or twomileslongcolumnofsoldiersmarchingpeacefully Uptheroadwasjustlikewatchingaflockofcattle Cattledon tthink don taskquestions butfollowtheirmastersblindly Theseblacksoldierswerejustlikecattle Whilethegreatwhitebirdsflyingoverthemintheoppositedirection shininglikepiecesofpaper 看着这列一两英里长的队伍静静地向前开进 真好像看着一群牛羊一样 而那掠过它们头顶 朝着相反方向高翔的大白鹳恰似片片碎纸在空中泛着点点银光 Summary SixScenestoexposetheevilsofcolonialismScene1 Theburialofthepoorinhabitants para1 3 Theidea Lifeischeap Peoplearesopoorthattheycannotaffordproperburials Scene2 Thebeggingofbreadofanemployee para4 7 Theidea Lifeispoor Peoplecan taffordproperfood Scene3 LivingconditionoftheJews para8 15 Theidea Jewsliveingreatpovertyandunderprejudice Summary Scene4 Cultivationofsoil para16 18 Theidea Hardwayofmakingaliving Scene5 Lifeofwomen para19 21 Theidea Miserablelifeofoldwomen nobetterthanadonkeyScene6 thesoldiers para22 26 Theidea Thenegroes attitudetow