高级英语翻译讲义.doc

课后作业：句子一：在华南，春天和初夏是多雨季节，有许多褥子见到倾盆大雨，或者是跟随者台风而来的暴雨。In south China, spring and early summer are rainy seasons; on many days, it may rain dogs and cats or may have very big rain that come with typhoon.句子二：令人意想不到的是，硅谷既不是一个富有硅的地方，也不是一个山谷。他之所以得名，仅仅是因为它是一个新兴的、以硅为基础的电子工业中心。It is out of expectation that Silicon Valley is neither a place having much silicon nor a mountain valley. Why it got its name is just because it is a newly developed center of electronic industry that has silicon as its base.句子三：全球性的气候变迁，主要见于地球大气的逐渐变暖，现正受到全世界的注意，因为这种变迁会对世界人民的生活产生巨大的影响。Climate changes in the world, which are mainly shown in the step-by-step getting warm of the earths atmosphere, are now receiving the whole worlds attention, because such changes may have a big effect on the lives of the people of the world. Assignment: Sentence One: In south China, spring and early summer are wet seasons, with quite a number of days experiencing torrential downpours or rainstorms that accompany typhoons. Sentence Two:Unexpectedly, Silicon Valley is neither a place abundant in silicon nor a mountain valley. It has gained its name simply because it is a newly developed center of silicon-based electronics industry. Sentence Three:Global climate changes, mainly seen in the gradual warming of the earths atmosphere, are attracting worldwide attention, because such changes will have a great effect on the lives of world people. 第三次课文段一：中国的科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名的科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性的结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己动手去操作，自己细心去观察，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正式这样的博物馆。它寄去了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计和制作了光学、理学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。文段二：中国将坚定不移地奉行独立自主的外交政策，继续巩固同发展中国家的团结合作，同他们一起维护发展中国家的正当合理权益。同时，我们将进一步稳定周边，巩固睦邻友好。我们还将不断地扩大充实与各大国已经建立或正在建立的未来关系的框架的内涵。我们将更加积极地参与国际事务和各种多边外交活动，坚决反对霸权主义、强权政治，推动在世界上建立公平合理、平等互利的国际政治、经济新秩序。Passage One: The first-generation museums in the world are those of natural history, which, by means of fossils and specimens, introduce the evolution of the Earth and various organisms. The second-generation museums are those of industrial technologies. They demonstrate the fruits of industrialization at various stages. Although they have played a role in disseminating scientific knowledge, museums of the first two generations are in fact places where visitors become passive spectators. The third-generation museums in the world are those designed with new concepts. In such museums, visitors can operate with their own hands and observe with their own eyes. In this way, they are brought nearer to advanced science and technology, and offered more opportunities to explore the mysteries. Passage Two: China will unwaveringly pursue an independent and peaceful foreign policy, continue to consolidate its unity and cooperation with other developing countries, and work with them to safeguard the just and legitimate rights and interests of the developing countries. Meanwhile, we will dedicate ourselves to the stabilization of the periphery and the consolidation of good-neighborly relationships. In addition, we will continuously enrich the contents of the future relationship frameworks having been or being established with big powers. We will take a more active stance in participating in international affairs and various multilateral diplomatic activities, set ourselves strongly against hegemony and power politics, and promote the establishment of a new, fair, rational international political and economic order characterized by equality and mutual benefits. 第四次课温哥华的辉煌是温哥华华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足300万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每四个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。The prosperity of Vancouver, to which many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its peoples wisdom and hard work. A sparsely-populated big country, Canada has a territory larger than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million. Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside form Indians, are all immigrants, who differ form each other only in how long they have lived in the country, Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver today, half are not native born, and of every four residents one come form Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of the Chinese people have come to the Vancouver area within the recent five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia. Assignment: 句子一：北京人大约生活在公元前460000年到230000年之间，能够用火，并能够制造石头工具，是早期旧石器时期人类的一个好实例。Peking Man lived about between 460000 B.C. and 230000B.C., could use fire and create tools from stone, and was a good example of the human race in the early Old Stone Age. 句子二：中国的万里长城是在两千多年前建成的，是在把封建王公们为了防御野蛮民族入侵而建筑的城堡连接起来的基础上建成的。The Great Wall of China had been built more than two thousand years ago. Its base was the forts which feudal lords built to protect themselves against invasions by barbarians. 句子三： 甚至在今天，也没有人能够明确知道古代埃及人是怎样建成金字塔的；有些人甚至认为，也许有某种地球以外的力量参与。Even today, no people know certainly how ancient Egyptians constructed the Pyramids. Some people even think that perhaps certain kinds of force coming from outside the earth had taken part.Sentence One:Peking Man, who lived from about 460000 B.C. to 230000 B.C. and who was able to use fire and make stone tools, is a good example of early Old Stone Age men. Sentence Two: The Great Wall of China was built more than two thousand years ago on the basis of joining together the forts built by feudal lords to protect their land against invasions by barbariansSentence Three: Even today, no one knows with certainty how ancient Egyptians constructed the Pyramids. Some people even go as far as to think that certain forms of extraterrestrial force might have been involved. 第五次课文段一：大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一直并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，除草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。Poor or rich, people receive equal endowment from nature. Therefore human beings, with no exception, have been deeply dependent on nature. This is particularly true in the countryside, where ways of life have remained unchanged for thousands of years- planting crops and grapes; brewing and drinking wines; raising and milking cows; hoeing weeds and cultivating flowers; going to churches on weekends; playing music, dancing and singing in the square. People work in the same fields and live in the same pleasant homes. Every place has thus been left with folklores of its own, and customs are handed down form generation to generation. 文段二：中国民族自古以来从不把人看做高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。The Chinese people, since the ancient times, have never regarded man as superior to all the other things in the world. It has been reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature art that human was not dominating the universe but instead occupying an appropriate place with all the other creatures in the world. Because of this, we felt on the whole less distressed than Westerners because the degree of ones pain varies with his desires and ambitions. People in the agricultural society enjoyed far less than those in the industrial society, so their desires and ambitions were much weaker. Moreover, Chinese people have long held the life philosophy that one should not be confined and enslaved by material desires. 第六次课一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作灯态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。Is there a standard to evaluate the significance of ones life? Its certainly difficult to offer a definite standard. But generally speaking, we can tell it by judging his attitude towards life and work, making clear whether he is serious about his life.Throughout the history, the outstanding people were all very serious about their lives. They made best use of every minute of their lives to work and study as much as possible, never wasting their time. None of the working people and the great statesmen and thinkers were of exception. 句子一：由于我们将要参加在下个月14日到18日在新加坡举行的会议，如果你们能介绍一些有关该会议的详细情况，我们将十分感激。Because we will take part in the conference held from 14th to 18th next month in Singapore, we shall appreciate it very much if you could introduce to us the detailed condition of the meeting. 句子二：我现在寄去来函所说的文件，一式两份。收到后，请务必核对一下内容，并把结果尽快用电子邮件通知我，我的邮件地址是。Now, I send you, one form in two copies, the document as mentioned I your letter. After you receive it, you please must check the contents, and notify me the results as soon as possible by e-mail. My e-mail address is:.句子三：像麦当劳、肯德基这样的快餐厅，目前在中国像雨后春笋般发展起来；中国的传统快餐，像包子、饺子，能不能改进一下，与外国的产品竞争？Such fast food restaurants as McDonalds and KFC are springing up like bamboo after a spring rain in China. Can Chinese traditional fast food such as baozi and jiaozi get some improvement and then compete with foreign products? 第七次课在人际关系上我们不能太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷盘的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。We shouldnt be too romantic about human relationships. Human beings are interesting. Usually, when they meet a person they will first notice his or her merits, which is just like the experience of eating in a restaurant. The starter or cold dish will leave you a very good impression. You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. The more you eat, the calmer you will become. At the end of the dinner all the shortcomings come out in your mind. Then happiness turns to angers, praise to scolding and nitpicking, and head-nodding to head-shaking. This is because, first, you are hungry when you begin eating. When you are hungry, the bran tastes as honey; when you are full, even the honey does not taste sweet. 句子一： 像许多西方人那样经常不吃早餐，并不是聪明的做法。我们中国人说：早餐要饱，午餐要好，晚餐要少，这从科学上来说无疑是正确的。It is unwise always not to eat breakfast like many westerners do. We Chinese say: breakfast should be full, lunch should be good, and dinner should be little-this is undoubtedly correct from a scientific point of view. 句子二：许多人喜欢去玩卡拉ok，因为觉得卡拉ok令人兴奋；但也有人根本不想去，因为觉得卡拉ok太吵。Many people like going to the karaoke to play, because they feel that karaoke is exciting; but there are also people who wont want to go to at all, for they think it is too noisy. 句子三：手提电话使人们打电话很方便，但是大部分手机的质量却有待进一步提高，因为今天的手机有许多地方还远不是尽善尽美。Mobile phones make people convenient to make calls; but the quality of most of them needs to be further improved, because among todays mobile phones many are still so-so in many respects. 第八次课文段一：约翰施特劳斯的故居在一条大街上，是一座沿街的粉红色的四层楼老公寓房子。施特劳斯曾住在这座房子二层楼上的两套房间里，于1866年末到1867年初在这里谱写了蓝色多瑙河这只名曲。那时他已经42岁了，在维也纳音乐界中负有盛名，但只是在这支乐曲问世之后，才奠定了他“圆舞曲之王”的地位。这座房子距多瑙河不远，步行约半个小时，当时还是一片大森林，施特劳斯常常穿过森林到河边去散步，现在房屋已鳞次栉比，成为热闹的大街了。参考译文：The former residence of Johann Strauss stands by an avenue. It is an old pink-colored, four-storey apartment building facing the street. Strauss lived in the two suits on the second floor of this building, where he composed The Blue Danube from late 1866 to early 1867. He was already 42 years old then and enjoyed a great reputation in the music circles of Vienna. But it was not until the symphony that he became firmly established as the King of Waltz. The apartment building was not far from the Danube, a little more half an hours walk. The area was covered by a forest and Strauss used to go through the forest to take a walk along the river. Now rows upon rows of houses have replaced the forest, turning the place into a bustling avenue. 文段二：徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人烟稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。参考译文：During his lifetime, XuXiake traveled around 16 provinces, leaving his footprints nearly every corner of the country. When conducting his investigations, he never blindly followed the conclusions given in the books. He found many inaccuracies in the geographical documents left by his predecessors. To find out the real facts and detailed information, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he would scale mountains and ford streams, making long treks entirely on foot. To find out the true picture of nature, he would venture deep into the mountainous areas with perilous trails and forests seldom visited by human beings. As a result, he discovered many fantastic mountains and beautiful sceneries. In different seasons and hours of a day, he would come back for a revisit to the famous mountains at different places, making repeated observations of the ever-changing marvelous sceneries. 第九次课原文：文化的不同，正是人类社会相互加强了解、交流和借鉴的动力，而不是所谓“文明的冲突”的理由。世界的文化，包括宗教文化，正是通过相互砥砺、相互渗透而逐渐发展的，也是通过相互交流、相互学习而不断进步的。文化的相互激荡必然反映在国际政治中的人权问题上。同一种人权原则，在不同的历史条件，或在不同民族、不同国家、不同发展阶段、不同文化背景中，当然会有不同的表现形式。不同的宗教原则也会形成人权概念方面的差异。参考译文：Cultural differences should be a motivation for people to enhance mutual understanding and exchange and to learn from each other, rather than a reason for the so-called “clash of civilization”. World culture, including religious culture, takes form through the infiltration of different cultures and makes progress in the same way through exchanges and learning from each other. Clashes of different cultures are reflected in the issue of human rights in international politics. The same principle on human rights is expressed in the different ways under different historical circumstances in different nationalities and countries that vary in their level of development and cultural background. Between different religious beliefs, there are different concepts of human rights. 句子一：许多教育家认为，在英语学校的校园里建立一个英语小社区，来提供一种有助于学习英语的环境，是有用的。这个小社区必须精心设计，包括有足够的面向英语的活动场所，以便学生可以在一种浸入式的情景中学好英语。Many educators think that it is useful to build a small community of English on campus of an English school. As the purpose of the community is to provide an environment helpful to learning English, it must be carefully designed to include enough places for activities facing to English so that students can study the English language in an immersion situation. 句子二： 读研究生正在全中国火热，经常有大批人排长队参加资格考试。国家经济在各个领域的快速发展，不断增加对高水平专业人才的需求，而这种增加促使研究生招生数迅速扩充。Graduate studies are red-hot all over China. Usually there are a great number of people standing in ling queues to take part in the qualification exams. The countrys rapidly developing economy in all areas is unceasingly increasing the demand for high-level professionals. This increase, in turn, promotes the quick expansion of graduate enrolment figure. 句子三：有更多的学生正在出国学习，国外有多个国家因具有较高水平的大学和其他教育机构，能够很好地帮助中国学生深造。More and more Chinese students are going abroad to study. Many countries overseas, because they have high-level universities and other educational institutions, can help Chineses students have advanced studies very well. 句子四：我目前是中国一所大学四年制土木工程专业的四年级学生。由于会笑在该专业方面处于国际领先地位，所以十分希望能来贵校读研究生。如能寄来鬼晓得介绍册子以及有关的报名表格，十分感激。I am now a fourth year student of a 4-year civil engineering speciality of a university in China. As your university is in an international leading place of this speciality, I wish very much to study as a graduate student in your university, and I will thank you very much if you could send me a book introducing your university and the application forms. 第十次课得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。一旦隔离，拘谨在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿时感到打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一瞬间，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。Before