初三英语总复习之同义句转换-人教版.doc

初三英语总复习之同义句转换一、 题型分析 同义句转换是运用英语语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识为一体的综合体较强的测试题型之一，是近几年中考的常考题型。其形式是根据上句完成下句，并使两个句子表达的意思相同。它要求学生理解语意，运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构等填上两个适当的词，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。 同义句转换虽然是单个题型，不以篇章形式出现，但它却旨在测试学生的综合运用语言能力，它要求学生不仅要具备一定的词汇、句型和语法知识，还要具备阅读能力、综合分析能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。因此，在教学中，要将同义句转换训练融入听、说、读、写技能的培养活动中，通过体验与运用，培养学生换位思维、灵活表达的能力。它还直接有助于提高学生的听力测试、短文填空和书面表达等相关题型的能力。对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，不难总结出同义句的考题主要有以下6个方面：1同义词、词组转换：即不同的几个词或词组表达同一个意思，主要考查学生对动词、形容词、副词等同义词、词组的积累与掌握。2反义词、词组转换：即反义词或词组加上否定词表达相同的意思，就象“负负得正”一样，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。3等级转换：主要考查学生对形容词、副词在原级、比较级、最高级之间的转换以及同级比较的一些结构。4主动、被动转换：主要考查学生对主动语态与被动语态之间的转换方法的掌握，特别要注意时态、感观动词以及使役动词的用法。5句子结构转换：主要考查学生用不定式、介词或连词等将并列句或两个简单句变成一个复合句，或将复合句变成并列句或简单句的转换能力。6句意转换：主要考查学生对句意的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。二、中考走向 （一）近4年中考英语试题中同义句转换题型小集：2000年中考同义句转换：(每小题2分,每空1分,共10分)1A：The old woman almost couldnt remember the name of the book.B：The old woman _ _ remember the name of the book.(同义词:almost not -hardly)2A：Tom knows much more about computer than any other student in his class.B：_ _ in our class knows so much about computer as Tom.(等级转换:比较级原级比较)3A：The heavy snow kept the visitors staying on top of the mountain.B：The visitors were stopped _ _ the top of the mountain.(主动、被动转换)4A：He is on the football team.B：He is a _ _ the football team.（句意转换）5A：Cross the bridge, and youll find the museum.B：_ _ the bridge, and youll find the museum.（同义词组转换：crossgo/walk across）(参考答案:1.could ,hardly 2.Nobody, else 3.from, leaving 4.player,in 5.Walk/Go across)2001年中考同义句:（每题3分，每空1.5分，共15分）1. A：The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.B：The children _ _ in the zoo yesterday.（同义词组转换：play happilyenjoy oneself）2. A：What day is it today?B：What day of _ is today?（句意转换）3. A：I always get up before six oclock in my school days.B：I _ get up _ six oclock in my school days.（反义词转换：alwaysbeforenever after）4. A：The problem is too difficult for me to work out.B：The problem isnt _ _ for me to work out.（反义词转换：tootoenough to）5. A：Hurry up, or youll be late for the party.B：_ you _ hurry, youll be late for the party.（句子结构转换）(参考答案:1.enjoyed ,themselves 2.the,week 3.never,after 4.easy enough5.If,dont)2002年中考同义句:（每题2分，每空1分，共20分）1.A：Dont forget to bring your textbooks to school next time.B：_ _ bring your textbooks to school next time。（反义词转换:forgetremember）2.A：Meimei has returned from her hometown.B：Meimei has _ _ from her hometown.（同义词组转换：returnget back）3.A：I have learned English for three years.B：It is three years _ I _ to learn English.（句子结构转换）4.A：Because of the heavy traffic, they couldnt get to school on time.B：The heavy traffic _ them from_ at school on time.（句意转换）5.A：Tom rushed out of his room after he heard the news.B：Tom _ _ out of his room after he heard the news.（同义词组转换：rush run quickly）6.A: I want to know how much your dictionary cost you.B: I want to know how much you _ _ your dictionary.（句意转换）7.A: They didnt see the twin brothers play football on the playground. B:_ the twin brothers was seen to play football on the playground. (主动、被动转换)8.A: Youd better speak English as much as possible. B:_ better for_ to speak English as much as possible.（句子结构转换）9.A: My sister has been ill for two weeks. She is afraid that she wont catch up with her classmates. B: My sister is afraid that she will _ _ her classmates as she has been ill for two weeks. （反义词转换：catch up withfall behind）10.A:In the boys 100-metre race, Jim ran fastest of all.B:I the boys 100-metre race, _ _ runner didnt run so fast as Jim.（等级转换：最高级原级比较）(参考答案: 1.Remember,to 2.got back 3.since,began 4.stopped/kept,arriving 5.ran,quickly6.paid,for 7.Neither,of 8.Its,you 9.fall,behind 10.any,other)2003年中考同义句:（每题2分，每空1分，共20分）1. A: Half an hour ago “The Cat Play” begin.B: “The Cat Play” has _ for half an hour.（句意转换）2.A: I feel like going to the Peoples Square with my friends this Saturday.B: I _ like to _ to the Peoples Square with my friends this Saturday.（同义词组转换：feel like goingwould like to do）3.A: The little girl wanted to know when her father could take her to Paris.B: The little girl wanted to know _ _ be taken to Paris.（句子结构转换）4.A: Stand higher, and you will see far away.B: _ _ stand at a higher place, you will see far away.（句子结构转换）5.A: Its 7:30. He goes to school, but he doesnt have breakfast.B: Its 7:30. He goes to school _ _ breakfast.（句意转换）6.A: French is not the first language in any of these countries.B: French is the first language in _ _ these countries.（句意转换）7.A: Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in that theatre.B: They were heard _ _ Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.(主动、被动转换：)8.A: He doesnt do any other thing. He is only on Internet.B: He is always on Internet _ _ doing other things.（句意转换）9.A: You neednt be afraid of that dog. Its a toy.B: _ _ afraid of that dog! Its a toy.（句意转换）10.A: The picture was usually put up in the park near the playground.B: The picture was put up in the park_ to the playground as _.（同义词组转换：nearclose/next/near to，usuallyas often/usual）(参考答案:1.been,on 2.would,go 3.when,to 4.If,you 5.without,having 6.none,of 7.to,sing 8.instead,of 9.Dont,be 10.close/next/near,usual/often)（二）综合分析表： 中考年考题方向2000年2001年2002年2003年总比分备注：总比分指的是横向考题方向在近4年同义句考题总分30分中的比率。同义词、词组21227/30=23%反义词、词组02204/30=13%等级转换1010 2/30=6%主动、被动转换10113/30=10%句子结构01225/30=16%句子意思11259/30=30%总计题量及分值5/105/1510/2010/20占当年试卷总分比值8.3%10%13% 13% 1.由此表可以看出,同义句转换题已经成为中考英语试题中趋于稳定的一项考题,并且在整套试题中的比值也趋于稳定,占总分的13%。所以在中考英语备战中，同义句转换的训练与能力的提高必须加强。2在同义句转换题型的专项复习过程中，要紧扣中考考查方向，加强根据句子意思转换、同义词或词组、句子结构等题型的训练与总结。（三）今后中考走向预测： 1从近几年中考英语同义句转换考查的走向，可以清楚地明白比较死的知识点的考查将会被逐步淡化，而主要考查学生的理解、运用能力，比如，根据句子意思分析填词的题所占分值将越来越重。2004年中考同义句转换题考查的6个方向所占分值和2003年考查的情况可能会大致相当。 2根据考题走向，今后同义句的转换也许会变成完全的主观试题，即根据所给句意写出与上句意思相同的句子，而不是通过语意理解、根据所限定的知识填词，与新课标接轨，这样会让学生放开思维大胆的思考，有助于发展学生综合语言运用能力。三、解题导航 1根据同义句转换考查的目的，要求学生在复习过程中要善于积累和总结所学词汇以及句型结构，并进行练习与巩固。2同义句转换题是一种综合能力测试题型，要求在中考的应战过程中，切忌死记死背词汇、句型和语法知识点，一定要将基础知识与语意理解相结合、分析句子结构、灵活运用，不断变通，举一反三。3掌握良好的作题技巧也是走向成功的关键性因素。因此，在做题时，一定要认真读原句，读出感觉，理解语意；然后根据前面讲的考查6方面进行思考，用平时所学知识填上适当的词；填词时一定要注意词形（如时态、单复数、比较等级等）正确，上下意思一致，语法无误；检查核对时，注意从句子结构、句子意思、词的正确形式等几个方面进行考虑。四、强化训练习题集（一）同义词、词组转换：1. He spent half an hour in doing his homework yesterday. It _him half an hour to _his homework yesterday. 2. Have you received a letter from your mother yet? Have you _ _ your mother yet? 3.Mr Zhang went to work by bike yesterday. Mr Zhang _ _ _ to work yesterday. 4. I have never known that before. I have never _ _ that before. 5. When Bill Gates was a student, he was interested in computers. When Bill Gates was a student, computers _ _. 6 .Bruce left here two days ago. Bruce _ _ _ from here for two days. 7. Because of the teacher, he passed the test. _ _ the teacher, he passed the test. 8. Mr Wu is visiting London. Mr Wu is _ a _ _ London. 9. She is a girl of eight. She is _ _ girl. 10.There is almost no water in the thermos. There is _ _ water in the thermos. （二）反义词、词组转换 1. Both of the answers are wrong. _of the answers _right. 2. The box is heavy. The box is _ _. 3. Jimmy went to bed after the TV play was over. Jimmy _ go to bed _the TV play was over. 4. Work hard, or youll not catch up with your class. _you _work hard , youll not catch up with your class. 5. Our English textbooks are not the same as yours. Our English textbooks are _ _ yours. 6. Jim is weak in Chinese. Jim _ _ _ Chinese. 7. Remember to bring your homework here tomorrow. _ _ to bring your homework here tomorrow. 8. Yesterday I borrowed an English-Chinese dictionary from Miss Gao. Yesterday Miss Gao _ an English-Chinese dictionary _ me . 9. The runner from Class 1 couldnt catch up with the one from Class 3. The runner from Class 1 _ _ the one from Class 3. 10. Billie found this computer too expensive to buy. This computer was not _ _ for Billie to buy. （三） 等级转换1. Fangfang doesnt speak English as well as Meimei. Fangfang speaks English _ _ Meimei. 2. He likes tea better than coffee. He _ tea _ coffee. 3. Alice dances best in her class. Alice dances _than _ _ girl in her class. 4. I think this school is as beautiful as that one. I _ think this school is _ beautiful than that one. 5. China has more people than America. The _ of China is _ than that of America. 6. Lucy and Lily were born in the same year. Lucy is _ _ as Lily. 7. I like fish better than beef. I dont like beef so _ _ fish. 8. “Maths is more difficult than any other subject,” said the boy. “_ _ subject is as difficult as maths. 9. Jim is the tallest boy in his class. Nobody _ in Jims class is _ than him. 10.Baseball is more popular than football in America. Football is _ popular _baseball in America. （四） 句子结构转换 1. The apples are so high that I cant reach them. The apples are _high for me _reach. 2. Man cant live without air. Man cant live _there is _air. 3. His wife has been dead for ten years. It is ten years _his wife _. 4. Im not sure where I should go this evening. Im not sure _ _ _ this evening. 5. Hurry up, or youll miss the early bus. _you _hurry up, youll miss the early bus. You wont _ the early bus _you hurry. 6. I can speak English, I can also speak Japanese. I can speak _ _ English _ _ Japanese. 7. Miss Gao went there as soon as possible. Miss Gao went there as soon as _ _. 8. She has lived there all her life. She _ to live there when she was _. 9. “Do you like the film?” he asked me. He asked me _ I _ the film. 10. It seems that hamburger is the most popular fast food in America. Hamburger seems _ _ the most popular fast food in America. 五、 句意转换 1. There is a boy in the room. He is playing. There is a boy _ _the room. 2. In Australia summer starts in December , and goes on to February. In Australia summer _ _December _ February. 3. Our monitor was the last to leave the classroom. _ our monitor left the classroom, there was _ in it. 4. You may use this dictionary or that one, but not both. You may use _ _ the dictionaries. 5. Paul bought his car two years ago. Paul _ _ his car for two years. 6. He didnt say a word and left angrily. He left angrily _ _ a word. 7. There was a loud knock at the door. Someone _ at the door _. 8. How much does your skirt cost? _ the _ of your skirt? 9. All the students in Lin Taos class went to the Summer Palace, but he didnt go. _went to the Summer Palace _ Lin Tao. 10. None of the students have been to the Great Wall except Wang Lin. _ _ Wang Lin has been to the Great Wall. （六） 主动、被动转换 1. We must water these flowers every day. These flowers must _ _ every day. 2. Ive lost my new watch . The new watch _ _ found . 3. The boss made the workers work over twelve hours a day. The workers were _ _ work over twelve hours a day. 4. People grow bananas in Hainan. Bananas _ _ in Hainan. 5. We heard a girl sing an English song in the next room. A girl _ _ _ sing an English song in the next room. 6. Last year they use the machine to make shoes. Last year the machine _ _ _ _ shoes. 7. People plant many trees on either bank of the river . Many trees _ _ on _ banks of the river. 8. The